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Democratic Republic Of The Congo–Russia Relations
Democratic Republic of the Congo–Russia relations (russian: Российско-конголезские отношения) are the bilateral foreign relations between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Russia. The Democratic Republic of the Congo has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in Yekaterinburg. Russia has an embassy in Kinshasa. The relations between the two countries were established on July 7, 1960, and restored since November 30, 1967. Historical context During the Cold War, relations with the Soviet Union and Zaire, renamed from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, were cold and frosty. Mobutu Sese Seko, a staunch anticommunist who seized power in 1965, was not anxious to recognize the Soviets; he remembered well their support, albeit mostly vocal, of Lumumba and the Simba rebels. However, to project a non-aligned image, DRC did renew ties in 1967; the first Soviet ambassador arrived and presented his credentials in 1968 (Mobutu did, however, j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilateralism
Bilateralism is the conduct of political, economic, or cultural relations between two sovereign states. It is in contrast to unilateralism or multilateralism, which is activity by a single state or jointly by multiple states, respectively. When states recognize one another as sovereign states and agree to diplomatic relations, they create a bilateral relationship. States with bilateral ties will exchange diplomatic agents such as ambassadors to facilitate dialogues and cooperations. Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTA) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a situational differentiation is needed. Thus through bilateralism, states can obtain more tailored agreements and obligations that only apply to particular cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergei Lavrov
Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (russian: Сергей Викторович Лавров, ; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat and politician who has served as the Foreign Minister of Russia since 2004. Lavrov served as the Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations from 1994 to 2004. Early life and education Lavrov was born on 21 March 1950 in Moscow, to an Armenian father from Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, and a Russian mother from Noginsk, Russian SFSR. His father's surname was originally Kalantaryan. His mother worked in the Soviet Ministry for Foreign Trade. Lavrov graduated from high school with a silver medal. Since his favorite class was physics, he planned to enter either the National Research Nuclear University or the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, but he entered the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) and graduated in 1972. During his education at the MGIMO, Lavrov studied international relations. Soon he learned Sinhalese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Republic Of The Congo–Russia Relations
Democratic Republic of the Congo–Russia relations (russian: Российско-конголезские отношения) are the bilateral foreign relations between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Russia. The Democratic Republic of the Congo has an embassy in Moscow and an honorary consulate in Yekaterinburg. Russia has an embassy in Kinshasa. The relations between the two countries were established on July 7, 1960, and restored since November 30, 1967. Historical context During the Cold War, relations with the Soviet Union and Zaire, renamed from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, were cold and frosty. Mobutu Sese Seko, a staunch anticommunist who seized power in 1965, was not anxious to recognize the Soviets; he remembered well their support, albeit mostly vocal, of Lumumba and the Simba rebels. However, to project a non-aligned image, DRC did renew ties in 1967; the first Soviet ambassador arrived and presented his credentials in 1968 (Mobutu did, however, j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Policy Of The Mobutu Sese Seko Administration
Mobutu Sese Seko's foreign policy emphasized his alliance with the United States and the Western world while ostensibly maintaining a non-aligned position in international affairs. Mobutu ruled the Republic of the Congo and then Zaire as president for 32 years, from 1965 to 1997. United States For the most part, Zaire enjoyed warm relations with the United States. The United States was the third largest donor of aid to Zaire (after Belgium and France), and Mobutu befriended several U.S. presidents, including John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush. Relations did cool significantly between 1974 and 1975 over Mobutu's increasingly radical rhetoric, including his scathing denunciations of American foreign policy,Young and Turner, p. 372 and plummeted to an all-time low in the summer of 1975 when Mobutu accused the CIA of plotting to overthrow his government. Eleven senior Zairian generals and several civilians were arrested while a former head of the Cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of Russia
The foreign relations of the Russian Federation is the policy arm of the Russian government, government of Russia which guides its interactions with other nations, their citizens, and foreign organizations. This article covers the foreign policy of the Russian Federation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late 1991. As of present, Russia has critical diplomatic relations with Ukraine due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The Kremlin's foreign policy debates show a conflict between three rival schools: Atlanticism, Atlanticists, seeking a closer relationship with the United States and the Western World in general; Imperialism, Imperialists, seeking a recovery of the semi-hegemonic status lost during the previous decade; and Slavophilia, Neo-Slavophiles, promoting the isolation of Russia within its own cultural sphere. While Atlanticism was the dominant ideology during the first years of the new Russian Federation, under Andrei Kozyrev, it came under attack for i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Relations Of The Democratic Republic Of The Congo
Its location in the center of Africa has made the Democratic Republic of the Congo (at one time known as Zaire) a key player in the region since independence. Because of its size, mineral wealth, and strategic location, Zaire was able to capitalize on Cold War tensions to garner support from the West. In the early 1990s, however, with the end of the Cold War and in the face of growing evidence of human rights abuses, Western support waned as pressure for internal reform increased. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is in the grip of a civil war that has drawn in military forces from neighboring states, with Ugandan, Burundian, and Rwandan forces helping the rebel movement which occupies much of the eastern portion of the state. One problem is the continuing theft of mineral resources, such as coltan, by occupying forces. One estimate has the Rwandan army making $350 million in 48 months from the sale of coltan, even though Rwanda has no coltan deposits. Not only can the DRC n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moïse Kabaku Mutshail
Moïse Kabaku Mutshail is a Congolese diplomat and is the current Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Russian Federation, presenting his Letter of Credence to then-President of Russia Vladimir Putin on 3 February 2006. He held this post until 2010, being replaced by Ali Rashidi Moïse. See also *Democratic Republic of the Congo–Russia relations Democratic Republic of the Congo–Russia relations (russian: Российско-конголезские отношения) are the bilateral foreign relations between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Russia. The Democratic Republic of ... References Democratic Republic of the Congo diplomats Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Ambassadors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Russia Ambassadors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Ukraine {{DRCongo-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congolese National Police
The Congolese National Police (french: Police nationale congolaise, PNC) is the Law enforcement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, national police force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The national police consists of 110,000–150,000 officers and operates on the provincial level, answering to the Interior Ministry. It is known in the DRC for corruption, repression of political dissidents, and other human rights abuses.Clowes, WilliaSmoke Bombs and Mirrors ''Slate''. Published 11 March 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016. It is currently undergoing reforms. A police academy is being built. The current Police Commissioner General is Dieudonne Amuli Bahigwa, a former Land Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congolese army officer, who replaced Charles Bisengimana in July 2017. The former Kinshasa Police Commissioner, General Celestin Kanyama, was sanctioned by the United States in 2016 for his role in repressing citizens during 2015 Congolese protests, anti-govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congolese Diplomatic Academy
The Congolese Diplomatic Academy (french: Académie diplomatique congolaise) is an institute for training diplomats of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Kinshasa. It was established in 2006 to improve the quality of the DRC's diplomatic corps, graduating 200 civil servants by 2009. The school cooperates with other institutions from abroad, including ones from France, South Africa,Training on Results Based Management at the Congolese Diplomatic Academy United Nations Institute for Training and Research. Published Novem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language
Russian (russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, link=no, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the First language, native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. Besides Russia itself, Russian is an official language in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is used widely as a lingua franca throughout Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to some extent in the Baltic states. It was the De facto#National languages, ''de facto'' language of the former Soviet Union,1977 Soviet Constitution, Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36 and continues to be used in public life with varying proficiency in all of the post-Soviet states. Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armed Forces Of The Democratic Republic Of The Congo
The Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: Forces armées de la république démocratique du Congo ARDC is the state organisation responsible for defending the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The FARDC was rebuilt patchily as part of the peace process which followed the end of the Second Congo War in July 2003. The majority of FARDC members are land forces, but it also has a small air force and an even smaller navy. In 2010–2011 the three services may have numbered between 144,000 and 159,000 personnel. In addition, there is a presidential force called the Republican Guard, but it and the Congolese National Police (PNC) are not part of the Armed Forces. The government in the capital city Kinshasa, the United Nations, the European Union, and bilateral partners which include Angola, South Africa, and Belgium are attempting to create a viable force with the ability to provide the Democratic Republic of Congo with stability and security. However, thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Foreign Affairs (Democratic Republic Of The Congo)
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (known as the Republic of the Congo in 1960–71 and the Republic of Zaire in 1971–97) is a government minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, responsible for conducting foreign relations A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through m ... of the country. The following is a list of foreign ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since its founding in 1960: Notes References {{Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo * DRC, Foreign ministers Foreign ministers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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