Minister Of Foreign Affairs (Democratic Republic Of The Congo)
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (known as the Republic of the Congo in 1960–71 and the Republic of Zaire in 1971–97) is a government minister in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, responsible for conducting foreign relations A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through m ... of the country. The following is a list of foreign ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo since its founding in 1960: Notes References {{Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo * DRC, Foreign ministers Foreign ministers ...
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Republic Of The Congo (Léopoldville)
The Republic of the Congo (french: République du Congo) was a sovereign state in Central Africa, created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960. From 1960 to 1966, the country was also known as Congo-Léopoldville (after its capital) to distinguish it from its northwestern neighbor, which is also called the Republic of the Congo, alternatively known as "Congo-Brazzaville". In 1964, the state's official name was changed to the ''Democratic Republic of the Congo,''"Zaire: Post-Independence Political Development"
''Library of Congress'' but the two countries continued to be distinguished by their capitals; with the renaming of Léopoldville as Kinshasa in 1966, it became also known as Congo-Kinshasa. After Joseph Désiré Mobutu, renamed Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972, com ...
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Congo Crisis
The Congo Crisis (french: Crise congolaise, link=no) was a period of political upheaval and conflict between 1960 and 1965 in the Republic of the Congo (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The crisis began almost immediately after the Congo became independent from Belgium and ended, unofficially, with the entire country under the rule of Joseph-Désiré Mobutu. Constituting a series of civil wars, the Congo Crisis was also a proxy conflict in the Cold War, in which the Soviet Union and the United States supported opposing factions. Around 100,000 people are believed to have been killed during the crisis. A nationalist movement in the Belgian Congo demanded the end of colonial rule: this led to the country's independence on 30 June 1960. Minimal preparations had been made and many issues, such as federalism, tribalism, and ethnic nationalism, remained unresolved. In the first week of July, a mutiny broke out in the army and violence erupted between black and whit ...
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G Kamanda
G, or g, is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''gee'' (pronounced ), plural ''gees''. History The letter 'G' was introduced in the Old Latin period as a variant of ' C' to distinguish voiced from voiceless . The recorded originator of 'G' is freedman Spurius Carvilius Ruga, who added letter G to the teaching of the Roman alphabet during the 3rd century BC: he was the first Roman to open a fee-paying school, around 230 BCE. At this time, ' K' had fallen out of favor, and 'C', which had formerly represented both and before open vowels, had come to express in all environments. Ruga's positioning of 'G' shows that alphabetic order related to the letters' values as Greek numerals was a concern even in the 3rd century BC. According to some records, the original seventh letter, 'Z', had been purged from the Latin alphabet somewhat ear ...
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Gérard Kamanda Wa Kamanda
Gerard Kamanda wa Kamanda (10 December 1940 – 21 January 2016) was a Congolese politician who stood for President in the 2006 election in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was born in Kikwit. He previously worked as an advisor to Mobutu Sese Seko and during the 1990s, Kamanda served in a variety of positions, including deputy prime minister, and foreign minister three times; from 1982 to 1983, from 1995 to February 1996 and from December 1996 until May 1997 when the Mobutu government collapsed. Kamanda was later the minister of scientific research in the transition government. Kamanda represented the Nationalist Common Front party, established in 1990, which aims to modernize Congo by emphasizing science and technology. He raised concerns of electoral irregularities with the Independent Electoral Commission An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country. The formal names of election commissions var ...
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Yoka Mangono
Yoka or Yōka may refer to * Yoka (name) *Yōka Station, a train station in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan * Yoka Lokole, a musical band from Zaire *''Guildfordia yoka ''Guildfordia yoka'', the yoka star turban, is a species of deep-water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution and habitat This tropical marine species occurs in the Western Pacific off Ja ...'', a species of deep-water sea snail See also * Yoko (other) * Yuka (other) {{disambiguation ...
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Umba Di Lutete
Umba may refer to * Umba, Russia, an urban-type settlement in Murmansk Oblast, Russia *Umba (White Sea), a river on the Kola Peninsula, Russia * Umba River (Tanzania), a river in Tanzania * Umba sapphire, a sapphire from Tanzania * Umba Valley, a valley in Tanzania * Umba, Papua New Guinea, a town and airport in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...

Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond (cropped)
Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond (August 4, 1938 – July 27, 2003) was a prominent Zairian politician. Biography Early years and career in Zaire Born in Musumba, Lualaba District, a member of the Lunda tribe and a nephew of the Katangan leader, Moise Tshombe, Nguza was a pock-marked child who rose rapidly through government posts and gained the favour of President Mobutu Sese Seko. Nguza received a master's degree in international relations from the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium and returned to Zaire to serve as Foreign Minister from 1972–1974, and 1976–1977, as well serving as political director of the MPR, the country's only legal political party. Fluent in six African languages as well as English, French, Dutch, and German, Nguza's stature within Zaire and in the international community was such that he was considered a possible successor to Mobutu as President of Zaire. However, in 1977, he fell out of favor with Mobutu, who accused Nguza of attempting to se ...
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Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond
Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond (August 4, 1938 – July 27, 2003) was a prominent Zairian politician. Biography Early years and career in Zaire Born in Musumba, Lualaba District, a member of the Lunda tribe and a nephew of the Katangan leader, Moise Tshombe, Nguza was a pock-marked child who rose rapidly through government posts and gained the favour of President Mobutu Sese Seko. Nguza received a master's degree in international relations from the Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium and returned to Zaire to serve as Foreign Minister from 1972–1974 and 1976–1977, as well serving as political director of the MPR, the country's only legal political party. Fluent in six African languages as well as English, French, Dutch, and German, Nguza's stature within Zaire and in the international community was such that he was considered a possible successor to Mobutu as President of Zaire. However, in 1977, he fell out of favor with Mobutu, who accused Nguza of attempting to seduce ...
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Authenticité (Zaire)
''Authenticité'', sometimes Zairianisation in English, was an official state ideology of the regime of Mobutu Sese Seko that originated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in what was first the Democratic Republic of Congo, later renamed Zaire. The authenticity campaign was an effort to rid the country of the lingering vestiges of colonialism and the continuing influence of Western culture and to create a more centralized and singular national identity. The policy, as implemented, included numerous changes to the state and to private life, including the renaming of the Congo and its cities, as well as an eventual mandate that Zairians were to abandon their Christian names for more "authentic" ones. In addition, Western-style attire was banned and replaced with the Mao-style tunic labeled the " abacost" and its female equivalent. The policy began to wane in the late 1970s and had mostly been abandoned by 1990. Origin and general ideology Not long after Mobutu Sese Seko's declara ...
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Cardoso Mario
Cardoso may refer to: * Cardoso (surname), a Portuguese surname * Cardoso, São Paulo, municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil * Cardoso (footballer, born 1943), Joaquim Cardoso Neto, Brazilian football midfielder * Cardoso (footballer, born 1984), Carlos Alexandre Cardos, Brazilian football defender * Cardoso (footballer, born 1997), Johnatan Cardoso Dias, Brazilian football forward See also * Cardozo (other) Cardozo is a Spanish or Portuguese surname. Cardozo may also refer to: * U Street (Washington, D.C.) or Cardozo, a street and neighborhood in Washington, D.C. * U Street station, a Washington Metro station formerly named "U Street-Cardozo" * Benj ...