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David Friedländer
David Friedländer (sometimes spelled Friedlander; 6 December 1750, Königsberg – 25 December 1834, Berlin) was a German banker, writer and communal leader. Life Communal leader and author in Berlin, a pioneer of the practice and ideology of assimilation, and a forerunner of Reform Judaism. Born in Koenigsberg, the son of a "protected Jew," Joachim Moses Friedlaender, a wholesale merchant, David settled in Berlin in 1770, and in 1776 established a silk factory there. As an expert in his field, he was appointed counselor of the state Commission of Inquiry into the textile industry. In 1791 he forwarded a memorandum in the name of the manufacturers, advocating changes in the economic system against excessive government supervision over industry and the granting of protective tariffs to individual manufacturers. However, his interests ranged far beyond his business activities. Entering Moses Mendelssohn's circle at the age of 21, Friedlaender absorbed Mendelssohn's ideas and beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedländer 1834
Friedländer (Friedlander, or Friedlaender) is a toponymic surname derived from any of German places named Friedland (other), Friedland. The surname may refer to: People Friedländer * Adolf Albrecht Friedländer (1870–1949), Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist * Adolph Friedländer (1851–1904), German lithographer, printer of circus posters and magazines * Albert Friedländer (1888–1966), German bank director, later French and Swiss author * Benedict Friedlaender (1866–1908), German sexologist, sociologist, and physicist * Carl Friedländer (1847–1887), German pathologist and microbiologist * David Friedländer (1750–1834), German writer, manufacturer * Eitan Friedlander (born 1958), Israeli Olympic sailor * Friedrich Friedländer (1825–1901), Czech-German Jewish painter * Gerhart Friedlander (1916–2009), German chemist * György Szepesi-Friedländer (1922), Hungarian radio personality and sports executive * Johnny Friedlaender (1912–1992), graphi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Teller
Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Judaism, he is the founding father who began the covenantal relationship between the Jewish people and God; in Christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish; and in Islam, he is a link in the chain of Islamic prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad. Abraham is also revered in other Abrahamic religions such as the Baháʼí Faith and the Druze faith. The story of the life of Abraham, as told in the narrative of the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible, revolves around the themes of posterity and land. He is said to have been called by God to leave the house of his father Terah and settle in the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Abraham and his progeny. This promise is subsequently inherited by Isaac, Abraham's son by his wife Sarah, while Isaac's half-brother Ishmael is also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Jews In Königsberg
The history of the Jews in Königsberg reaches back to the 1530s. By the 20th century Königsberg had one of the larger Jewish communities within the German Reich. The city's Jewish community was eliminated by emigration and then The Holocaust during World War II. Early history The first Jews in Königsberg, then capital of Ducal Prussia, a vassal duchy of the Kingdom of Poland (now Kaliningrad, Russia), were the doctors Isaak May (1538) and Michel Abraham (1541) at the court of Albert, Duke of Prussia. In 1680 or 1682 Frederick William, the Great Elector, allowed the city's Jewish residents to rent space for prayer at the Eulenburgsches Haus (later Hotel Deutsches Haus) on Burgfreiheit's Kehrwiederstraße (later Theaterstraße). Most were merchants from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. A permanent Jewish community began to develop in Königsberg only by 1704, when a Jewish cemetery was designated. Jewish students were first admitted to the University of Königsberg in 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Josefsohn
Heinrich Josefsohn (Hebrew: צבי יאזאפזאהן; ) was a Hebrew Bible translator, poet, dramatist from Prague. He was member of the Biurists and the Me'assfim, continuing the Hebrew literary work of Moses Mendelssohn and Hebrew literary figures in Berlin. Josefson was more religious in philosophy than his peers, specifically David Friedländer, Isaac Satanow and Herz Homberg. He composed a manuscript of a Mendelssohn-style Be'ur on the Book of Isaiah with the Judeo-German Bible translations, translation of Meir Obernik, Meir Obornik, censored and signed by Carolus (Karl) Fischer, a Semitic scholar and censor in Prague. Josefson criticizes David Friedländer, Friedländer harshly in the introduction to the manuscript; unfortunately, this manuscript was never brought to print, despite intentions and work to do so (possibly through repression). This manuscript today is at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries cited as ''UPenn CAJS Rar Ms. 537''. Josefsohn appears to have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Itzig Family
Many of the thirteen children of Daniel Itzig and Miriam Wulff, and their descendants and spouses, had significant impact on both Jewish and German social and cultural (especially musical) history. Notable ones are set out below. Daniel Itzig (1723–1799) Bella Itzig (1749–1824) Married Levin Jacob Salomon. Their son Jakob Salomon (1774–1825) converted to Christianity and took the surname ''Bartholdy'', and was for a time Prussian consul in Italy. Their daughter Lea (1777–1842) married Abraham Mendelssohn (1776-1835; the son of Moses Mendelssohn). Lea and Abraham's children were Felix Mendelssohn and Fanny Mendelssohn (Jakob persuaded Abraham Mendelssohn to adopt the Bartholdy surname). It was Bella who, "unaware of Felix's baptism", gave a manuscript of Bach's '' St. Matthew Passion'' to her grandson Felix Mendelssohn in 1824.Jeffrey S. Sposato, ''The Price of Assimilation: Felix Mendelssohn and Nineteenth-Century Anti-Semitic Tradition'' (Oxford University Press, 2005 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leibzoll
The Leibzoll (German language, German: "body tax") was a special tariff, toll that Jews had to pay in most European states from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Rate of the toll The origin of the Leibzoll may be traced to the political position of the Jews in Germany, where they were considered crown property and, therefore, under the king's protection. In his capacity as Holy Roman emperor the king claimed the exclusive rights of the jurisdiction and taxation of the Jews, and retained responsibility for the protection of their lives and their property. He granted them protection either by a guard or by safe-conduct; chiefly by the latter, for the Jews, being extensive travelers, when they went on long business trips could not always be accompanied by imperial guards. The first instance of the granting of one of these safe-conducts occurred under Louis le Débonnaire (814–840), and a specimen of it may be found among the documents preserved in the "formulary (medieval), L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haskalah
The ''Haskalah'' (; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Europe and the Muslim world. It arose as a defined ideological worldview during the 1770s, and its last stage ended around 1881, with the rise of Autoemancipation, Jewish nationalism. The movement advocated against Jewish reclusiveness, encouraged the adoption of prevalent attire over traditional dress, while also working to diminish the authority of traditional community institutions such as rabbinic courts and boards of elders. It pursued a set of projects of cultural and moral renewal, including a revival of Hebrew for use in secular life, which resulted in an increase in Hebrew language, Hebrew found in print. Concurrently, it strove for an optimal integration in surrounding societies. Practitioners promoted the study of Exogeny, exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zohar Shavit
Zohar Shavit (; born 1951) is an Israeli professor at Tel Aviv University’s School for Cultural Studies, laureate of the Israel Prize in the field of Culture and Arts for 2025. Biography Shavit is married to the historian, writer and fellow Tel Aviv University academic Yaacov Shavit. She is the mother of Noga, Uriya, and Avner. Public career In 2000, she was appointed a cultural affairs advisor to Matan Vilnai, the Minister of Science, Culture and Sport. She served as an advisor to the Knesset's education and cultural committee and was a member of the board of directors of the Second Television and Radio Authority, and a member of the New Council for Arts and Culture. She is a member of the council of the Israeli Opera and of the Board of Governors of literary prizes for the Ministry of Culture. She chaired as the Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport's ''Vision 2000'' committee, which drafted and presented the Ministry's cultural program (''Culture Charter – Vision ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isidore Singer
Isidore Singer (10 November 1859 – 20 February 1939) was an Austrian-born American encyclopedist and editor of '' The Jewish Encyclopedia'' and founder of the American League for the Rights of Man. Biography Singer was born in 1859 in Weisskirchen, Moravia, in the Austrian Empire. He studied at the University of Vienna and the Humboldt University of Berlin, receiving his Ph.D. in 1884. France After editing the ''Allgemeine oesterreichische Literaturzeitung'' (Austrian literary newspaper) from 1885 to 1886, he became literary secretary to the French ambassador in Vienna. From 1887, he worked in Paris in the press bureau of the French foreign office and was active in the campaign on behalf of Alfred Dreyfus. In 1893 he founded a short-lived biweekly called ''La Vraie Parole'' as a foil to the anti-Jewish '' La Libre Parole''. New York Singer moved to New York City in 1895 where he learned English and taught French, raising the money for the ''Jewish Encyclopedia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (22 June 1767 – 8 April 1835) was a German philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin. In 1949, the university was named after him and his younger brother, Alexander von Humboldt, a Natural history, naturalist. He was a linguist who made contributions to the philosophy of language, ethnolinguistics, and to the Learning theory (education), theory and practice of education. He made a major contribution to the development of liberalism by envisioning education as a means of potential, realizing individual possibility rather than a way of indoctrination, drilling traditional ideas into youth to suit them for an already established occupation or social role. In particular, he was the architect of the Humboldtian education ideal, which was used from the beginning in Prussian education system, Prussia as a model for its system of public education, as well as in the Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, natural history, naturalist, List of explorers, explorer, and proponent of Romanticism, Romantic philosophy and Romanticism in science, science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher, and linguistics, linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835). Humboldt's quantitative work on botany, botanical geography laid the foundation for the field of biogeography, while his advocacy of long-term systematic geophysical measurement pioneered modern Earth's magnetic field, geomagnetic and meteorology, meteorological monitoring. Humboldt and Carl Ritter are both regarded as the founders of modern geography as they established it as an independent scientific discipline. Between 1799 and 1804, Humboldt travelled extensively in the Americas, exploring and describing them for the first time from a non-Spanish European scientific point of view. His des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirkei Avot
Pirkei Avot (; also transliterated as ''Pirqei Avoth'' or ''Pirkei Avos'' or ''Pirke Aboth'', also ''Abhoth''), which translates into English as Chapters of the Fathers, is a compilation of the ethical teachings and maxims from Rabbinic Jewish tradition. It is part of didactic Jewish ethical literature. Because of its contents, the name is sometimes given as Ethics of the Fathers. Pirkei Avot consists of the Mishnaic tractate of ''Avot'', the second-to-last tractate in the order of Nezikin in the Mishnah, plus one additional chapter. Avot is unique in that it is the only tractate of the Mishnah dealing ''solely'' with ethical and moral principles; there is relatively little halakha (laws) in Pirkei Avot. Translation of the title In the title ''Pirkei Avot'', the word "pirkei" is Hebrew for "chapters of". The word ''avot'' means "fathers", and thus ''Pirkei Avot'' is often rendered in English as "Chapters of the Fathers", or (more loosely) "Ethics of the Fathers". This tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
