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Censorship In New Zealand
Censorship in New Zealand has been present since around 1850 and is currently managed by the Classification Office under the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. Over the years, New Zealand has gone through many iterations of censorship legislation. What began in the 1850s as vague and weak legislation was repeatedly updated with each iteration of censorship legislation addressing perceived shortcomings of the previous legislation. Notable changes in New Zealand censorship legislation include the continued attempts to give an objective criterion for determining whether something should be censored and the establishment of a centralized body that handles most censorship matters. These iterations adapted New Zealand legislation to changing times, and moved censorship in New Zealand in a more liberal direction. The Classification Office is the government agency that is currently responsible for classification of all films, videos, publications, and some video g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Office Of Film And Literature Classification
The Office of Film and Literature Classification ( mi, Te Mana Whakaatu), branded as the Classification Office, is an independent Crown entity established under Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993 responsible for censorship and classification of publications in New Zealand. A "publication" is defined broadly to be any thing that shows an image, representation, sign, statement, or word. This includes films, video games, books, magazines, CDs, T-shirts, street signs, jigsaw puzzles, drink cans, and slogans on campervans. The Chief Censor, Caroline Flora, is the chair of the Office. Films must be given a classification before they can be exhibited or supplied to the public. This is done either by the Film and Video Labelling Body or the Office. Any person may submit any publication for classification by the Office, with the permission of the Chief Censor. However, the Secretary for Internal Affairs, the Comptroller of Customs, the Commissioner of Police, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Necrophilia
Necrophilia, also known as necrophilism, necrolagnia, necrocoitus, necrochlesis, and thanatophilia, is sexual attraction towards or a sexual act involving Cadaver, corpses. It is classified as a paraphilia by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its ''International Classification of Diseases'' (ICD10, ICD) diagnostic manual, as well as by the American Psychiatric Association in its ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual'' (DSM). Origins of term Various terms for the crime of corpse-violation animate sixteenth- through nineteenth-century works on law and legal medicine. The plural term "nécrophiles" was coined by Belgian physician Joseph Guislain in his lecture series, ''Leçons Orales Sur Les Phrénopathies,'' given around 1850, about the contemporary necrophiliac François Bertrand: Psychiatrist Bénédict Morel popularised the term about a decade later when discussing Bertrand. History In the ancient world, sailors returning corpses to their home country were often accused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All Quiet On The Western Front (1930 Film)
''All Quiet on the Western Front'' is a 1930 American pre-Code epic anti-war film based on the 1929 novel of the same name by German novelist Erich Maria Remarque. Directed by Lewis Milestone, it stars Louis Wolheim, Lew Ayres, John Wray, Arnold Lucy, and Ben Alexander. It is the first Best Picture winner based on a novel. ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' opened to wide acclaim in the United States. Considered a realistic and harrowing account of warfare in World War I, it made the American Film Institute's first '' 100 Years...100 Movies'' list in 1997. A decade later, after the same organization polled over 1,501 workers in the creative community, ''All Quiet on the Western Front'' was ranked the seventh-best American epic film. In 1990, the film was selected and preserved by the United States Library of Congress' National Film Registry as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The film was the first to win the Academy Awards for both O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newshub
''Newshub'' (stylised as ''Newshub.'') is a New Zealand news service that airs on the television channels Three and Eden, as well as on digital platforms. It formerly operated across radio stations run by MediaWorks Radio until December 2021. The Newshub brand replaced ''3 News'' service on the TV3 network and the Radio Live news service heard on MediaWorks Radio stations on 1 February 2016. In late 2020, MediaWorks sold Newshub to US multimedia company Discovery, Inc. (now Warner Bros. Discovery) The acquisition was completed on 1 December 2020. History MediaWorks MediaWorks launched Newshub on 1 February 2016 as a multi-platform news service to replace the former 3 News service on its television channel Three and the Radio Live news service. In March 2016, a Newshub journalist broke embargo and leaked sensitive information about a 25 basis point cut by the Reserve Bank to the Official Cash Rate (OCR). Newshub's parent company MediaWorks conducted their own investigation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stuff (website)
Stuff is a New Zealand news media website owned by newspaper conglomerate Stuff Ltd (formerly called Fairfax). It is the most popular news website in New Zealand, with a monthly unique audience of more than 2 million. Stuff was founded in 2000, and publishes breaking news, weather, sport, politics, video, entertainment, business and life and style content from Stuff Ltd's newspapers, which include New Zealand's second- and third-highest circulation daily newspapers, ''The Dominion Post'' and ''The Press'', and the highest circulation weekly, '' Sunday Star-Times'', as well as international news wire services. Stuff has won numerous awards at the Newspaper Publishers' Association awards including 'Best News Website or App' in 2014 and 2019, and 'Website of the Year' in 2013 and 2018. History The former New Zealand media company Independent Newspapers Ltd (INL), owned by News Corp Australia, launched Stuff on 27 June 2000 at a cybercafe in Auckland, after announcing its inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manhunt (video Game)
''Manhunt'' is a 2003 stealth game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. The first entry in the Manhunt (video game series), ''Manhunt'' series, it was released for the PlayStation 2 in November 2003, followed by Microsoft Windows and Xbox (console), Xbox releases in April 2004. Set within the fictional Carcer City, the story follows James Earl Cash, a death row prisoner who is forced to participate in a series of snuff films, earning his freedom by murdering criminal gang members sent to hunt him on camera. The game received positive reviews from critics and won several accolades, with particular praise directed at its dark, gritty tone and violent gameplay, although the combat and level design were criticized. ''Manhunt'' was subject to a significant Video game controversies, video game controversy due to the level of graphic violence depicted, banned in several countries, and implicated in a murder by the UK media, although this accusation was later rej ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King's Official Birthday
The King's Official Birthday (alternatively the Queen's Official Birthday when the monarch is female) is the selected day in the United Kingdom and most Commonwealth realms on which the birthday of the monarch is officially celebrated in those countries. It does not necessarily correspond to the date of the monarch's actual birth. The sovereign's birthday was first officially marked in the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1748, for King George II. Since then, the date of the king or queen's birthday has been determined throughout the British Empire, and later the Commonwealth of Nations, either by royal proclamations issued by the sovereign or viceroy, or by statute laws passed by the local parliament. The date of the celebration today varies as adopted by each country and is generally set around the end of May or start of June, to coincide with a higher probability of fine weather in the Northern Hemisphere for outdoor ceremonies. In most cases, it is an official public holiday, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 Tiananmen Square Protests
The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident (), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourth Clearing () or June Fourth Massacre (), troops armed with assault rifles and accompanied by tanks fired at the demonstrators and those trying to block the military's advance into Tiananmen Square. The protests started on 15 April and were forcibly suppressed on 4 June when the government declared martial law and sent the People's Liberation Army to occupy parts of central Beijing. Estimates of the death toll vary from several hundred to several thousand, with thousands more wounded. The popular national movement inspired by the Beijing protests is sometimes called the '89 Democracy Movement () or the Tiananmen Square Incident (). The protests were precipitated by the death of pro-reform Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auckland University Of Technology
Auckland University of Technology (AUT) ( mi, Te Wānanga Aronui o Tāmaki Makau Rau) is a university in New Zealand, formed on 1 January 2000 when a former technical college (originally established in 1895) was granted university status. AUT is New Zealand's third largest university in terms of total student enrolment, with approximately 29,100 students enrolled across three campuses in Auckland. It has five faculties, and an additional three specialist locations: AUT Millennium, Warkworth Radio Astronomical Observatory and AUT Centre for Refugee Education. AUT enrolled more than 29,000 students in 2018, including 4,194 international students from 94 countries and 2,417 postgraduate students. AUT's student population is diverse with a range of ethnic backgrounds including New Zealand European, Asian, Māori and Pasifika. Students also represent a wide age range with 22% being aged 25–39 years and 10% being 40 or older. AUT employed 2,474 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Douglas McIntosh
Early life and family Douglas Charles McIntosh (23 March 1916 – 25 December 1976) was New Zealand's fifth Chief Censor of Films from 1960 until his death on Christmas Day 1976. In this role, he applied the Cinematograph Films Act 1928 to films; initially this was the 1961 version of the Act, then just before his death it was replaced by the 1976 Act. He was born on 23 March 1916 in Karori, a suburb of Wellington. He married Mable Agnes Mildred Western (Picton) and they had one son and two daughters. He died 25 December 1976 in Karori. A keen follower of Cricket and Rugby Union. He coached a local Karori rugby team. Regularly buying boots for players who could not afford them. Censorship The Nevile Lodge cartoon depicted very clearly the balancing act conducted by the role of Chief Censor at the time. Bill Rowling had been caught cutting embarrassing bits from a think tank report. The cartoon below highlights the influence of Patricia Bartlett using moral suasion and pub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordon Mirams
Gordon Holden Mirams (9 March 190929 November 1966) was the fourth Chief Censor of New Zealand. He was the son of Leslie Haywood Mirams and Mary Elvire Webb. He married Ruth Taylor in Christchurch on 23 November 1932. They had three daughters and one son. Biography Before becoming a film censor, Mirams worked as a journalist and film reviewer for the Christchurch ''Sun'', the ''New Zealand Radio Record'', the ''Dominion'' newspaper, and the ''New Zealand Listener''. In his book ''Speaking Candidly: films and people in New Zealand'' published in 1945, Mirams argued that film has an enormous influence on culture. For this reason, he campaigned for more local New Zealand documentary and feature film production. He also argued for the need to show quality films that were generally ignored by commercial film distributors, which led to the formation of the New Zealand Film Institute, a national federation of film societies, which Mirams chaired. In ''Speaking Candidly'', Mirams was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indecent Publications Tribunal
The Indecent Publications Tribunal was a government censorship organisation that operated in New Zealand from 1964 until 1993. It was established under the Indecent Publications Act 1963 and consisted of five members, with one a High Court barrister or solicitor, and four other members with two having qualifications in the field of literature or education. John Robson, a senior public servant, was instrumental in having provisions for the Tribunal to be established under the Act. Decisions made by the Tribunal are still in force unless subsequently overturned after being re-classified. The Office of Film and Literature Classification now serves a similar function. Notable cases In July 1992, the New Zealand Police Commissioner unsuccessfully attempted to prevent a concert by the American band Body Count in Auckland, arguing that "Anyone who comes to this country preaching in obscene terms the killing of police, should not be welcome here," before taking Body Count and Warner Bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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