|
Indecent Publications Tribunal
The Indecent Publications Tribunal was a government censorship organisation that operated in New Zealand from 1964 until 1993. It was established under the Indecent Publications Act 1963 and consisted of five members, with one a High Court barrister or solicitor, and four other members with two having qualifications in the field of literature or education. John Robson, a senior public servant, was instrumental in having provisions for the Tribunal to be established under the Act. Decisions made by the Tribunal are still in force unless subsequently overturned after being re-classified. The Office of Film and Literature Classification now serves a similar function. Notable cases In July 1992, the New Zealand Police Commissioner unsuccessfully attempted to prevent a concert by the American band Body Count in Auckland, arguing that "Anyone who comes to this country preaching in obscene terms the killing of police, should not be welcome here," before taking Body Count and Warner Bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of New Zealand
, background_color = #012169 , image = New Zealand Government wordmark.svg , image_size=250px , date_established = , country = New Zealand , leader_title = Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern , appointed = Governor-General , main_organ = , ministries = 32 ministries and departments , responsible = House of Representatives , budget = 119.3 billion (2018–19) , address = The Beehive and other locations across Wellington , url = The New Zealand Government ( mi, Te Kāwanatanga o Aotearoa) is the central government through which political authority is exercised in New Zealand. As in most other parliamentary democracies, the term "Government" refers chiefly to the executive branch, and more specifically to the collective ministry directing the executive. Based on the principle of responsible government, it operates within the framework that "the Queen reigns, but the government rules, so long as it has the support of the House of Representatives".Sir Kenneth Keith, qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Court Of New Zealand
The High Court of New Zealand ( mi, Te Kōti Matua o Aotearoa) is the superior court of New Zealand. It has general jurisdiction and responsibility, under the Senior Courts Act 2016, as well as the High Court Rules 2016, for the administration of justice throughout New Zealand. There are 18 High Court locations throughout New Zealand, plus one stand-alone registry. The High Court was established in 1841. It was originally called the "Supreme Court of New Zealand", but the name was changed in 1980 to make way for the naming of an eventual new Supreme Court of New Zealand. The High Court is a court of first instance for serious criminal cases such as homicide, civil claims exceeding $350,000 and certain other civil cases. In its appellate function, the High Court hears appeals from the District Court, other lower courts and various tribunals. Composition and locations The High Court comprises the Chief Justice (who is head of the judiciary) and up to 55 other Judges (whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governments, private institutions and other controlling bodies. Governments and private organizations may engage in censorship. Other groups or institutions may propose and petition for censorship.https://www.aclu.org/other/what-censorship "What Is Censorship", ACLU When an individual such as an author or other creator engages in censorship of his or her own works or speech, it is referred to as ''self-censorship''. General censorship occurs in a variety of different media, including speech, books, music, films, and other arts, the press, radio, television, and the Internet for a variety of claimed reasons including national security, to control obscenity, pornography, and hate speech, to protect children or other vulnerable groups, to promote or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering . New Zealand is about east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and then developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indecent Publications Act 1963
The Indecent Publications Act was a New Zealand Act of Parliament enacted in 1963. It repealed the Indecent Publications Act 1910, Indecent Publications Amendment Act 1954, Indecent Publications Amendment Act 1958, Indecent Publications Amendment Act 1961, and sections of the Crimes Act 1961 relating to the 1910 Act. The Indecent Publications Tribunal was established by the Act. There were four amendments to the Act before being repealed by the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. See also *Censorship in New Zealand Censorship in New Zealand has been present since around 1850 and is currently managed by the Classification Office under the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. Over the years, New Zealand has gone through many iterations ... References {{Reflist External linksText of the Act Statutes of New Zealand Censorship in New Zealand 1963 in New Zealand 1963 in New Zealand law Obscenity law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Robson (public Servant)
John Lochiel Robson (4 June 1909 – 17 September 1993) was a New Zealand senior public servant and penal reformer. Biography Robson was born in Halcombe, Manawatu, New Zealand in 1909. He graduated Master of Laws from Canterbury University College in 1931, and Doctor of Philosophy (law) from University of London in 1939. Returning to New Zealand he rose through the public service, serving as Secretary for Justice from 1960 to 1969, where he pursued a progressive penal policy. He also had substantial impact on the Indecent Publications Act 1963. After his retirement, Robson founded the Institute of Criminology at Victoria University of Wellington. In 1936, Robson was a founding member of New Zealand Institute of Public Administration, and served as its president between 1954 and 1955. From 1981 to 1988, he was patron the Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand. Honours and awards In the 1968 Queen's Birthday Honours, Robson was appointed a Commander of the Order of the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Office Of Film And Literature Classification (New Zealand)
The Office of Film and Literature Classification ( mi, Te Mana Whakaatu), branded as the Classification Office, is an independent Crown entity established under Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993 responsible for censorship and classification of publications in New Zealand. A "publication" is defined broadly to be any thing that shows an image, representation, sign, statement, or word. This includes films, video games, books, magazines, CDs, T-shirts, street signs, jigsaw puzzles, drink cans, and slogans on campervans. The Chief Censor, Caroline Flora, is the chair of the Office. Films must be given a classification before they can be exhibited or supplied to the public. This is done either by the Film and Video Labelling Body or the Office. Any person may submit any publication for classification by the Office, with the permission of the Chief Censor. However, the Secretary for Internal Affairs, the Comptroller of Customs, the Commissioner of Police, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Count (band)
Body Count is an American Heavy metal music, heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles in 1990. The group is fronted by Ice-T, who first established himself as a rap music, rapper but co-founded the group with lead guitarist Ernie C out of their interest in heavy metal music. Ice-T took on the role of vocalist and writing the lyrics for most of Body Count's songs, while Ernie C has been responsible for writing the group's music. Body Count's Body Count (album), self-titled debut album was released on Sire Records in 1992, and garnered much attention due to a controversy around the song "Cop Killer (song), Cop Killer". Their label, Sire Records, and their parent company, Warner Bros. Records, defended the song; however Ice-T chose to remove it from the album because he felt that the controversy had eclipsed the music itself. The group left Sire the following year, and they have since released six more albums. Three out of the band's original seven members are deceased: D-Roc died f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cop Killer (song)
"Cop Killer" is a song composed by Ernie C with lyrics by Ice-T for American heavy metal band Body Count (band), Body Count, of which they were both members. Released on Body Count's 1992 Body Count (album), self-titled debut album, the song was written two years earlier, and was partially influenced by "Psycho Killer" by Talking Heads. The song's lyrics about "cop killing" provoked negative reactions from political figures of the time, such as then-President George H. W. Bush, as well as his vice-president Dan Quayle. Others defended the song on the basis of the band's First Amendment rights. Ice-T has referred to it as a "Protest song, protest record". Ice-T eventually recalled the album and re-released it without the inclusion of the song, which was given away as a free single. Background Ice-T referred to "Cop Killer" as a "protest record," stating that the song is "[sung] in the first person as a character who is fed up with police brutality". Ice-T has also credited the Tal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship In New Zealand
Censorship in New Zealand has been present since around 1850 and is currently managed by the Classification Office under the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. Over the years, New Zealand has gone through many iterations of censorship legislation. What began in the 1850s as vague and weak legislation was repeatedly updated with each iteration of censorship legislation addressing perceived shortcomings of the previous legislation. Notable changes in New Zealand censorship legislation include the continued attempts to give an objective criterion for determining whether something should be censored and the establishment of a centralized body that handles most censorship matters. These iterations adapted New Zealand legislation to changing times, and moved censorship in New Zealand in a more liberal direction. The Classification Office is the government agency that is currently responsible for classification of all films, videos, publications, and some video g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Censorship By Country Censorship by country collects information on censorship, Internet censorship, freedom of the press, freedom of speech, and human rights by country and presents it in a sortable table, together with links to articles with more information. In addition to countries, the table includes information on former countries, disputed countries, political sub-units within countries, and regional organizations. Table Maps Freedom of the Press Report 2015 Freedom of the Press Classifications Press Freedom Index 2014 Press Freedom Index"Press Freedom Index 2014" , Reporters Without Borders, 11 May 2014 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archives New Zealand
Archives New Zealand (Māori: ''Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga'') is New Zealand's national archive and the official guardian of its public archives. As the government's recordkeeping authority, it administers the Public Records Act 2005 and promotes good information management throughout government. History Establishment In 1954, the First National Government's cabinet approved the establishment of a national archive and the office of a chief archivist, and the drafting of enabling legislation. The Archives Act 1957 established the National Archives within the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA). It also gave the chief archivist the power to approve the disposal of official records and to require the transfer of records to the National Archives after 25 years. The Archives Act also affirmed public access to the National Archives. While the National Archives were established in 1957, they were preceded by the Dominion Archives and the former war archives at the Hope Gibbon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(cropped).jpg "Click for more on -> Archives New Zealand")