|
Cyphomyrmex
''Cyphomyrmex'' is a genus of fungus-growing ants found primarily in South and Central America. However, some species do come up to the southern portion of North America. They grow a variety of fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae. Most fungal gardens are grown in small nodules, some species to cultivate entire mycelium, though. Colonies are monogynous and are relatively small with about 100 workers on average. Taxonomy This genus is within the subfamily '' Myrmicinae'' and the tribe '' Attini''. ''Cyphomyrmex'' is a more basal part of this phylogenetic relationship. With more recent phylogenetic studies, more derived genera are placed ahead of this genus, now making it sister to the genus ''Mycetophylax''. The fungi that are grown by attine ants, like ''Cyphomyrmex'', follow similar diversification as their ant cultivators. Also, chemicals used throughout the attine ants are derived from one another. So, those used by ''Cyphomyrmex'' provided a base plan for more complex mixtures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyphomyrmex Flavidus Casent0005663 Head 1
''Cyphomyrmex'' is a genus of fungus-growing ants found primarily in South and Central America. However, some species do come up to the southern portion of North America. They grow a variety of fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae. Most fungal gardens are grown in small nodules, some species to cultivate entire mycelium, though. Colonies are monogynous and are relatively small with about 100 workers on average. Taxonomy This genus is within the subfamily ''Myrmicinae'' and the tribe '' Attini''. ''Cyphomyrmex'' is a more basal part of this phylogenetic relationship. With more recent phylogenetic studies, more derived genera are placed ahead of this genus, now making it sister to the genus ''Mycetophylax''. The fungi that are grown by attine ants, like ''Cyphomyrmex'', follow similar diversification as their ant cultivators. Also, chemicals used throughout the attine ants are derived from one another. So, those used by ''Cyphomyrmex'' provided a base plan for more complex mixtures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyphomyrmex
''Cyphomyrmex'' is a genus of fungus-growing ants found primarily in South and Central America. However, some species do come up to the southern portion of North America. They grow a variety of fungi in the tribe Leucocoprineae. Most fungal gardens are grown in small nodules, some species to cultivate entire mycelium, though. Colonies are monogynous and are relatively small with about 100 workers on average. Taxonomy This genus is within the subfamily '' Myrmicinae'' and the tribe '' Attini''. ''Cyphomyrmex'' is a more basal part of this phylogenetic relationship. With more recent phylogenetic studies, more derived genera are placed ahead of this genus, now making it sister to the genus ''Mycetophylax''. The fungi that are grown by attine ants, like ''Cyphomyrmex'', follow similar diversification as their ant cultivators. Also, chemicals used throughout the attine ants are derived from one another. So, those used by ''Cyphomyrmex'' provided a base plan for more complex mixtures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyphomyrmex Rimosus
''Cyphomyrmex rimosus'' is a species of higher Myrmicinae, myrmicine in the family Formicidae. It is part of the tribe Attini, or fungus-growing ants. Subspecies These two subspecies belong to the species ''Cyphomyrmex rimosus'': * ''Cyphomyrmex rimosus rimosus'' * ''Cyphomyrmex rimosus salvini'' g Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net References Further reading * External links * Myrmicinae Articles created by Qbugbot Insects described in 1851 {{ant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus-growing Ants
Fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini) comprise all the known fungus-growing ant species participating in ant–fungus mutualism. They are known for cutting grasses and leaves, carrying them to their colonies' nests, and using them to grow fungus on which they later feed. Their farming habits typically have large effects on their surrounding ecosystem. Many species farm large areas surrounding their colonies and leave walking trails that compress the soil, which can no longer grow plants. Attine colonies commonly have millions of individuals, though some species only house a few hundred. They are the sister group to the subtribe Dacetina. Leafcutter ants, including ''Atta'' and ''Acromyrmex'', make up two of the genera. Their cultivars mostly come from the fungal tribe Leucocoprineae of family Agaricaceae. Attine gut microbiota is often not diverse due to their primarily monotonous diets, leaving them at a higher risk than other beings for certain illnesses. They are especially at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megalomyrmex Mondabora
''Megalomyrmex mondabora'' is a Neotropical species of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. Known from Costa Rica. In Costa Rica this species occurs in wet forest habitats, typically in mature rainforest. Collections are from sea level to 800 m elevation on the Atlantic slope of the Cordillera Volcanica Central, Cordillera de Talamanca, and Cordillera de Guanacaste. It is a specialized nest parasite Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has ... of attines and is found most often in nests of '' Cyphomyrmex cornutus''. It cohabits with ''C. cornutus'' in their nests, feeding on both host brood and the host's fungal symbiont. References * * Myrmicinae Insects described in 1990 {{myrmicinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees.Goulet, H & Huber, JT (eds.) (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada. p. 224 Identification Myrmicine worker ants have a distinct postpetiole, i.e., abdominal segment III is notably smaller than segment IV and set off from it by a well-developed constriction; the pronotum is inflexibly fused to the rest of the mesosoma, such that the promesonotal suture is weakly impressed or absent, and a functional sting is usually present. The clypeus is well-developed; as a result, the antennal sockets are well separated from the anterior margin of the head. Most myrmicine genera possess well-developed eyes and frontal lobes that partly conceal the an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octanol
Octanols are alcohols with the formula C8H17OH. A simple and important member is 1-octanol, with an unbranched chain of carbons. Other commercially important octanols are 2-octanol and 2-ethylhexanol. There are 89 possible isomers In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formulae – that is, same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. Isomerism is existence or possibility of isomers. Iso ... of octanol. Some octanols occur naturally in the form of esters in some essential oils. References {{Authority control Fatty alcohols Alkanols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trophallaxis
Trophallaxis () is the transfer of food or other fluids among members of a community through mouth-to-mouth ( stomodeal) or anus-to-mouth ( proctodeal) feeding. Along with nutrients, trophallaxis can involve the transfer of molecules such as pheromones, organisms such as symbionts, and information to serve as a form of communication. Trophallaxis is used by some birds, gray wolves, vampire bats, and is most highly developed in social insects such as ants, wasps, bees, and termites. Etymology Tropho- (prefix or suffix) is derived from the Greek trophé, meaning 'nourishment'. The Greek 'allaxis' means 'exchange'. The word was introduced by the entomologist William Morton Wheeler in 1918. Evolutionary significance Trophallaxis was used in the past to support theories on the origin of sociality in insects. The Swiss psychologist and entomologist Auguste Forel also believed that food sharing was key to ant society and he used an illustration of it as the frontispiece for his boo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diapriidae
The Diapriidae are a family of parasitoid wasps. These tiny insects have an average length of 2–4 mm and never exceed 8 mm. They typically attack larvae and pupae of a wide range of insects, especially flies. The about 2,300 described species in around 200 described genera are divided into three subfamilies, and the group has a global distribution. Diapriids show considerable diversity of form, with aptery (lack of wings) fairly common, sometimes in both sexes. Nearly all species exhibit noticeable sexual dimorphism, with males and females often mistaken for separate species. The wings, when present, show characteristically reduced venation, with the greatest reduction in the subfamilies Ambositrinae and Diapriinae. Selected genera *'' Acanopsilus'' *'' Acanosema'' *''Acanthopsilus'' *'' Aclista'' *'' Acropiesta'' *'' Anaclista'' *'' Aneurhynchus'' *'' Aneuropria'' *'' Anommatium'' *'' Antropria'' *'' Aprestes'' *'' Atomopria'' *'' Aulacopria'' *'' Auxopaedeutes'' *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farnesene
The term farnesene refers to a set of six closely related chemical compounds which all are sesquiterpenes. α-Farnesene and β-farnesene are isomers, differing by the location of one double bond. α-Farnesene is 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene and β-farnesene is 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene. The alpha form can exist as four stereoisomers that differ about the geometry of two of its three internal double bonds (the stereoisomers of the third internal double bond are identical). The beta isomer exists as two stereoisomers about the geometry of its central double bond. Two of the α-farnesene stereoisomers are reported to occur in nature. (''E'',''E'')-α-Farnesene is the most common isomer. It is found in the coating of apples, and other fruits, and it is responsible for the characteristic green apple odour. Its oxidation by air forms compounds that are damaging to the fruit. The oxidation products injure cell membranes which eventually causes cell dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonanal
Nonanal, also called nonanaldehyde, pelargonaldehyde or Aldehyde C-9, is an aldehyde. A colourless, oily liquid, nonanal is a component of perfumes. Although it occurs in several natural oils, it is produced commercially by hydroformylation of 1-octene. Mosquitoes Nonanal has been identified as a compound that attracts ''Culex'' mosquitoes. Nonanal acts synergistically with carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide (chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is transpar ... in that regard. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integument
In biology, an integument is the tissue surrounding an organism's body or an organ within, such as skin, a husk, shell, germ or rind. Etymology The term is derived from ''integumentum'', which is Latin for "a covering". In a transferred, or figurative sense, it could mean a cloak or a disguise. In English, "integument" is a fairly modern word, its origin having been traced back to the early seventeenth century; and refers to a material or layer with which anything is enclosed, clothed, or covered in the sense of "clad" or "coated", as with a skin or husk. Botanical usage In botany, the term "integument" may be used as it is in zoology, referring to the covering of an organ. When the context indicates nothing to the contrary, the word commonly refers to an envelope covering the nucellus of the ovule. The integument may consist of one layer (unitegmic) or two layers (bitegmic), each of which consisting of two or more layers of cells. The integument is perforated by a pore, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
