|
Cyclophillidea
Tapeworms of the order Cyclophyllidea (the cyclophyllid cestodes) are the most important cestode parasites of humans and domesticated animals. All have multiple proglottid "segments", and all have four suckers on their scolices (heads), though some may have other structures, as well. Proglottids of this order have genital openings on one side (except in the Dilepididae, which have genital openings on both sides), and a compact yolk gland or vitellarium posterior to the ovary. Families include: * Dipylidiidae, the most important member of which is ''Dipylidium caninum,'' also called the "cucumber tapeworm" or the "double-pore tapeworm" * Hymenolepididae, including the genus '' Hymenolepis'', a human parasite * Taeniidae, which consists of livestock parasites in the genus '' Taenia'' and parasites that encyst in humans of the genus ''Echinococcus'' * Anoplocephalidae, which includes several tapeworms of horses and a genus of tapeworms of ruminants, the '' Moniezia'' * Davaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taenia Saginata
''Taenia saginata'' (synonym ''Taeniarhynchus saginatus''), commonly known as the beef tapeworm, is a zoonotic tapeworm belonging to the order Cyclophyllidea and genus ''Taenia''. It is an intestinal parasite in humans causing taeniasis (a type of helminthiasis) and cysticercosis in cattle. Cattle are the intermediate hosts, where larval development occurs, while humans are definitive hosts harbouring the adult worms. It is found globally and most prevalently where cattle are raised and beef is consumed. It is relatively common in Africa, Europe, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Latin America. Humans are generally infected as a result of eating raw or undercooked beef which contains the infective larvae, called cysticerci. As hermaphrodites, each body segment called proglottid has complete sets of both male and female reproductive systems. Thus, reproduction is by self-fertilisation. From humans, embryonated eggs, called oncospheres, are released with faeces and are transmitted t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic Helminths Of Humans
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endoparasite lives inside the host's body; an ect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cestoda
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes). Most of the species—and the best-known—are those in the subclass Eucestoda; they are ribbon-like worms as adults, known as tapeworms. Their bodies consist of many similar units known as proglottids—essentially packages of eggs which are regularly shed into the environment to infect other organisms. Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish infecting parasites. All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts. Typically the adults live in the digestive tracts of vertebrates, while the larvae often live in the bodies of other animals, either vertebrates or invertebrates. For example, '' Diphyllobothrium'' has at least two intermediate hosts, a crustacean and then one or more freshwater fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus '' Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should clearly demons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Davaineidae
Davaineidae is the name of a family of tapeworms that includes helminth parasites of vertebrates. Of the 14 genera recorded under this family, '' Raillietina'' is the best understood and most extensively studied. Members of the family are characterized by the presence of a crown (rostellum) at the tip of the scolex, and the rostellum is made up of mattock- or hammer-shaped hooks. The rostellum is surrounded by suckers which are armed with spines. These tapeworms are most commonly found in birds, and in few cases, mammals, which are the definitive hosts. Intermediate hosts are small insects such as ants. Hosts of ''Davainea proglottina'' (length 1 – 4 mm), for example, are chickens. Slugs are the intermediate hosts.Mehlhorn, Heinz (1998): ''Grundriß der Parasitenkunde''. G. Fischer Stuttgart. Genera * '' Calostaurus'' Sandars, 1957 * ''Cotugnia'' Diamare, 1893 * ''Davainea'' Blanchard, 1891 * ''Fernandezia'' Lopez-Neyra, 1936 * ''Fuhrmannetta'' Stiles & Orleman, 1926 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moniezia
''Moniezia'' a genus of tapeworms that are parasitic in mammals, including sheep, goat and cattle. It comprises four known species such as '' M. expansa'', ''M. benedeni'', ''M. autumnalis'' and ''M. baeri''. '' M. expansa'' is the most well known species within the genus because of its high prevalence. Members of the genus are among the largest cestodes reaching up to 10 m in length. They inhabit the small intestine of mammalian host. Their life cycle is indirect requiring intermediate host, which are oribatid mites Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as oribatid mites, moss mites or beetle mites, are an order of mites, in the "chewing Acariformes" clade Sarcoptiformes. They range in size from . There are currently 12,000 species that have been .... They are characterized by the presence of interproglottid glands.Mehlhorn H (2008)''Encyclopedia of parasitology, Volume 1''(3rd edn). Springer. References External links BioLib ZipcodeZooThe Taxonomicon Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoplocephalidae
The Anoplocephalidae are a family of tapeworms containing the genera '' Bertiella'', ''Anoplocephala'', '' Paranoplocephala'', ''Moniezia'', and others.Douthitt, H. (1915)Studies on the Cestode Family: Anoplocephalidae(Vol. 1, No. 3). University of Illinois. Genera Genera: * '' Afrobaeria'' Haukisalmi, 2008 * '' Afrojoyeuxia'' Haukisalmi, 2013 * '' Andrya'' Railliet, 1893 * ''Anoplocephala'' Blanchard, 1848 * '' Anoplocephaloides'' Baer, 1923 * '' Anoplocephaloides'' Rausch, 1976 * '' Aporina'' Fuhrmann, 1902 * '' Arctocestus'' Haukisalmi, Hardman, Hoberg & Henttonen, 2014 * '' Atriotaenia'' Sandground, 1926 * ''Avitellina'' Gough, 1911 * '' Beringitaenia'' Haukisalmi, Hardman, Hoberg & Henttonen, 2014 * '' Bertiella'' Stiles & Hassell, 1902 * '' Biporonterina'' Burt, 1973 * '' Bulbultaenia'' Beveridge, 1994 * '' Bulbutaenia'' Beveridge, 1994 * '' Chionocestus'' Haukisalmi, Hardman, Hoberg & Henttonen, 2014 * ''Cittotaenia'' Riehm, 1881 * '' Cleberia'' Arandos Rêgo, 1967 * '' Coe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinococcus
''Echinococcus'' is a genus within Cestoda, a parasitic class of the platyhelminthes phylum (colloquially known as flatworms). Human echinococcosis is an infectious disease caused by the following species: E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, or E. vogeli. ''Echinococcus'' is triploblastic – it has three layers – outermost ectoderm, middle mesoderm, and inner endoderm. An anus is absent, and it has no digestive system. Its body is covered by tegument and the worm is divided into a scolex, a short neck, and three to six proglottids. Its body shape is ribbon-like. In humans, this causes a disease called echinococcosis. The three types of echinococcosis are cystic echinococcosis caused by '' E. granulosus'', alveolar echinococcosis caused by ''E. multilocularis'', and polycystic echinococcosis caused by ''E. vogeli'' or ''E. oligarthrus''. A worm's incubation period is usually long and can be up to 50 years. Cystic echinococcosis is mostly found in South and Central America, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taenia (tapeworm)
''Taenia'' is the type genus of the Taeniidae family of tapeworms (a type of helminth). It includes some important parasites of livestock. Members of the genus are responsible for taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans, which are types of helminthiasis belonging to the group of neglected tropical diseases. More than 100 species are recorded. They are morphologically characterized by a ribbon-like body composed of a series of segments called proglottids; hence the name ''Taenia'' (Greek ταίνια, ''tainia'' meaning ribbon, bandage, or stripe). The anterior end of the body is the scolex. Some members of the genus ''Taenia'' have an armed scolex (hooks and/or spines located in the "head" region); of the two major human parasites, ''Taenia saginata'' has an unarmed scolex, while ''Taenia solium'' has an armed scolex. The proglottids have a central ovary, with a vitellarium (yolk gland) posterior to it. As in all cyclophyllid cestodes, a genital pore occurs on the side of the pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taeniidae
The Taeniidae are a family of tapeworms. It is the largest family representing the order Cyclophyllidea. It includes many species of medical and veterinary importance, as ''Taenia solium'' (pork tapeworm), ''Taenia saginata'' (beef tapeworm), and ''Echinococcus granulosus''. The Taeniidae are parasites of mammals and many are infectious to humans. Taxonomy The family includes four genera: **''Echinococcus'' Rudolphi, 1801 **'' Hydatigera'' Lamarck, 1816 **'' Taenia'' Linnaeus, 1758 **'' Versteria'' Nakao, Lavikainen, Iwaki, Haukisalmi, Konyaev, Oku, Okamoto & Ito, 2013 Life cycle Taeniidae parasites are distinguished by their terrestrial lifecycles, which include a dormant stage called a metacestode. These develop in the intermediate host's tissue when eggs are consumed. The eggs hatch into an oncosphere, which passes through the intestinal wall and forms the metacestode. An example is either cysticercoid, cysticercus, or a hydatid cyst Echinococcosis is a parasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Bird")
