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Cronartium Comandrae
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *'' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *''Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Ribicola
''Cronartium ribicola'' is a species of rust fungus in the family Cronartiaceae that causes the disease white pine blister rust. Other names include: (French), (German), (Spanish). ''Cronartium ribicola'' is native to China, and was subsequently introduced to North America. Some European and Asian white pines (e.g. Macedonian pine, Swiss pine and blue pine) are mostly resistant to the disease, having co-evolved with the pathogen. It was accidentally introduced into North America in approximately 1900, where it is an invasive species causing serious damage to the American white pines, which have little genetic resistance. Mortality is particularly heavy in western white pine, sugar pine, limber pine and whitebark pine. Efforts are under way to select and breed the rare resistant individuals of these species; resistance breeding is concentrated at the United States Forest Service Dorena Genetic Resource Center in Oregon and the Moscow Forestry Services Laboratory in Idaho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Comandrae
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *''Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *'' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *''Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *''Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Quercuum
''Cronartium quercuum'', also known as pine-oak gall rust is a fungal disease of pine (''Pinus'' spp.) and oak (''Quercus'' spp.) trees. Similar to pine-pine gall rust, this disease is found on pine trees but its second host is an oak tree rather than another pine. Hosts and symptoms The pathogen requires pine and oak trees to complete its life cycle. Aecial hosts in North America are two- and three-needled ''Pinus'' spieces. ''Pinus'' hosts include Austrian ('' P. nigra''), Jack pine ('' P. banksiana''), Mugo pine ('' P. mugo''), Red pine ('' P. resinosa''), Ponderosa pine ('' P. ponderosa''), and Scots pine ('' P. sylvestris''). Telial hosts are ''Quercus'' species. ''Quercus'' hosts are generally made up of the red oak group and include Northern pin oak ('' Q. ellipsoidalis''), Bur oak ('' Q. macrocarpa''), Pin oak ('' Q. palustris''), and Northern red oak (''Q. rubra''). Galls start to form as slight, rounded swelling on the tree stem, then grow to become spherical an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quercus
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' (; Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 500 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably '' Lithocarpus'' (stone oaks), as well as in those of unrelated species such as ''Grevillea robusta'' (silky oaks) and the Casuarinaceae (she-oaks). The genus ''Quercus'' is native to the Northern Hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and North Africa. North America has the largest number of oak species, with approximately 160 species in Mexico of which 109 are endemic and about 90 in the United States. The second greatest area of oak diversity is China, with approximately 100 species. Description Oaks have spirally arranged leaves, with lobate margins in many species; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth margins. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Orientale
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *'' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *'' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *'' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *'' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The family is divided into ten clades, with about 640 known species in about 35 accepted genera. About half of these consist of a single species, but about 400 of the species are in the type genus ''Saxifraga''. The family is predominantly distributed in the northern hemisphere, but also in the Andes in South America. Description Species are herbaceous perennials (rarely annual or biennial), sometimes succulent or xerophytic, often with perennating rhizomes. The leaves are usually basally aggregated in alternate rosettes, sometimes on inflorescence stems. They are usually simple, rarely pinnately or palmately compound. Their margins may be entire, deeply lobed, cleft, crenate or dentate and petiolate with stipules. The inflorescences are b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Occidentale
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *'' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *'' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *'' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *'' Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Ameri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population. In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The border of Asia with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. It is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East–West cultural, linguistic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. Comprising the westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and Asia to the east. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents of Earth#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Flaccidum
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *'' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *'' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *'' Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fagaceae
The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as evergreen trees and shrubs. They are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. In the oaks, genus ''Quercus'', the fruit is a non-valved nut (usually containing one seed) called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. Other members of the family have fully enclosed nuts. Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically important woody plant families in the Northern Hemispher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cronartium Conigenum
''Cronartium'' is a genus of rust fungi in the family Cronartiaceae. They are heteroecious rusts with two alternating hosts, typically a pine and a flowering plant, and up to five spore stages. Many of the species are plant diseases of major economic importance, causing significant damage. ;Species, hosts and natural distribution *'' Cronartium appalachianum'': ''Pinus virginiana'', Santalaceae. Eastern North America. *''Cronartium arizonicum'': ''Pinus ponderosa'' and related pines, Scrophulariaceae. Western North America. *'' Cronartium comandrae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Santalaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium comptoniae'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Myricaceae. North America. *'' Cronartium conigenum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', Fagaceae. Southwestern North America. *''Cronartium flaccidum'': ''Pinus'' subgenus ''Pinus'', several families. Europe, Asia. *''Cronartium occidentale'': ''Strobus'' subgenus ''Strobus'', Saxifragaceae. Southwestern North America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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