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Cosmas Batubara
Cosmas Batubara (19 September 1938 – 8 August 2019) was an Indonesian politician. He was chairman and the co-founder of KAMI (Indonesia), KAMI, an Indonesian anti-communist student group. He was one of the strongest proponents for the banning of the Communist Party of Indonesia and the arrest of fifteen ministers, including Subandrio. Batubara was a parliament member in 1967–1978. He was appointed the Junior Minister of Housing in Suharto's Third Development Cabinet in 1978 and the State Minister of Housing in the 1983 Fourth Development Cabinet. In 1988, he was appointed the Minister of Manpower in the Fifth Development Cabinet. In 1991, he was appointed President of the International Labour Organization. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Batubara, Cosmas 1938 births 2019 deaths Government ministers of Indonesia Indonesian anti-communists People of Batak descent People from Simalungun Regency Indonesian Roman Catholics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KAMI (Indonesia)
KAMI, derived from the Indonesia ''Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia'' ("Indonesian Students Action Union") was an Indonesian anti-communist group formed on 27 October 1965. It consisted of Islamic, Catholic, and former Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI) members. KAMI and other anti-communist student groups were backed by the Indonesian National Armed Forces and organised anti-Sukarno protests which helped strengthen general Suharto's position following the abortive coup attempt that led to the downfall of Indonesian founding president Sukarno. Following the killing of two student demonstrators outside the Presidential Palace in February 1966, Sukarno officially banned KAMI. This was, however, ignored by the students and their supporters and backers within the military forces and the Indonesian National Police. Similar groups formed at this time of retaliation against Communists (who had been blamed for the coup attempt) included a high school students' front, KAPPI (''Kesatuan Ak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. During most of the period immediately following independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. History Forerunners The Indies Social Democratic Association (Dutch: ''Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging'', ISDV) was founded in 1914 by Dutch socialist Henk Sneevliet and another Indies socialist. The 85-member ISDV was a merger of the two Dutch socialist parties (the SDAP and the Socialist Party of the Netherlands), which would become the Communist Party of the Netherlands with Dutch East Indies leadership. The Dutch members of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subandrio
Subandrio (15 September 1914 – 3 July 2004) was an Indonesian politician and Foreign Minister and First Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia under President Sukarno. Removed from office following the failed 1965 coup, he spent 29 years in prison. The spelling "Subandrio" has been official in Indonesia since 1947 but the older spelling Soebandrio is still sometimes used. Early career Subandrio was born in Malang, East Java, and educated at the Sekolah Tinggi Kedokteran Jakarta (GHS) in Jakarta. As a medical student he was active in the movement for independence. During World War II, while practicing medicine, he worked with anti-Japanese resistance forces. His wife, Hurustiati Subandrio, was also a politically active medical doctor. After the war he was appointed secretary-general of the information ministry. After 1945 Subandrio became a supporter of the nationalist leader Sukarno, and was sent as Sukarno's special envoy in Europe, establishing an information office in Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suharto
Suharto (; ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian army officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto led Indonesia through a dictatorship for 31 years, from the fall of Sukarno in 1967 until his own resignation in 1998. The legacy of his 31-year rule, and his US$38 billion net worth, is still debated at home and abroad. Suharto was born in the small village of Kemusuk, in the Godean area near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances. His Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he lived with foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation era, Suharto served in the Japanese-organized Indonesian security forces. During Indonesia's independence struggle, he joined the newly formed Indonesian Army. There, Suharto rose to the rank of major g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Development Cabinet
The Third Development Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Pembangunan III) was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Suharto and Vice President Adam Malik. The Cabinet was formed after Suharto was elected to a third term as president by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The Seven Cabinet Aims *The establishment of an environment and a situation which will ensure social justice for the people through the equity of Development and its results. *The accomplishment of high economic growth. *The consolidation of an ever stronger National Stability. *The creation of a clean and legitimate State Apparatus. *The continuing development of a stronger national unity and oneness with the Guide to Learn and Apply Pancasila (P4) as its foundation. *The holding of a direct, universal, free, and secret Legislative Election with the aim of strengthening Pancasila Democracy. *Further developing a free and active foreign policy for the sake of National Interest and with the aim of strengthen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Development Cabinet
The Fourth Development Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Pembangunan IV) was the Indonesian cabinet which served under President Suharto and Vice President Umar Wirahadikusumah from March 1983 until March 1988. The Cabinet was formed after Suharto was elected to a 4th term as President by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The Five Cabinet Aims *Intensifying the Development Trilogy with the support of a stronger National Resilience. *Intensifying administrative reform and aiming towards a clean and legitimate Government. *Intensifying the institutionalization of Pancasila in developing Pancasila Democracy and the Guide to Learn and Apply Pancasila (P4) and to strengthen the unity and oneness of the Nation. *Intensifying the free and active foreign policy for the sake of National Interest. *Holding a direct, universal, free, and secret Legislative Election in 1987. President and Vice President *President: Gen. (ret.) Suharto *Vice President: Gen. (ret.) Umar Wirahadikusumah Coordinat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth Development Cabinet
The Fifth Development Cabinet ( id, Kabinet Pembangunan V) was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Suharto and Vice President Sudharmono from March 1988 until March 1993. It was formed after Suharto was elected to a 5th term as president by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The Five Cabinet Aims *Continuing, intensifying, deepening, and expanding the execution of National Development as an implementation of Pancasila with the Development Trilogy and National Resilience as its foundation. *Improving National Discipline with a State Apparatus as its pioneers and aiming towards a clean and legitimate Government. *Institutionalizing Pancasila, Pancasila Democracy, and the Guide to Learn and Apply Pancasila (P4) in daily life as a community, state, and nation. *Executing a free and active foreign policy for the National interest. *Holding a direct, universal, free, and secret Legislative Elections in 1992. President and Vice President Susunan Kabinet Pembang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN. The ILO has 187 member states: 186 out of 193 UN member states plus the Cook Islands. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with around 40 field offices around the world, and employs some 3,381 staff across 107 nations, of whom 1,698 work in technical cooperation programmes and projects. The ILO's standards are aimed at ensuring accessible, productive, and sustainable work worldwide in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity. They are set forth in 189 conventions and treaties, of which eight are classified as fundamental according to the 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work; together they protect freedom of association and the effective recognition of the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1938 Births
Events January * January 1 ** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the authoritarian regime. ** state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS). * January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Safinaz Zulficar, who becomes Farida of Egypt, Queen Farida, in Cairo. * January 27 – The Honeymoon Bridge (Niagara Falls), Honeymoon Bridge at Niagara Falls, New York, collapses as a result of an ice jam. February * February 4 ** Adolf Hitler abolishes the War Ministry and creates the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military. In addition, he dismisses political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies. Gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2019 Deaths
This is a list of deaths of notable people, organised by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month (e.g., Deaths in ) and then linked here. 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 See also * Lists of deaths by day The following pages, corresponding to the Gregorian calendar, list the historical events, births, deaths, and holidays and observances of the specified day of the year: Footnotes See also * Leap year * List of calendars * List of non-standard ... * Deaths by year {{DEFAULTSORT:deaths by year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Ministers Of Indonesia
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy. In many countries, the government has a kind of constitution, a statement of its governing principles and philosophy. While all types of organizations have governance, the term ''government'' is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments and subsidiary organizations. The major types of political systems in the modern era are democracies, monarchies, and authoritarian and totalitarian regimes. Historically prevalent forms of government include monarchy, aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, theocracy, and tyranny. These forms are not always mutually exclusive, and mixed governme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Anti-communists
Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian women, overview of women's history and contemporary situations * Indonesian language (Indonesian: ''Bahasa Indonesia''), the official language of Indonesia ** Languages of Indonesia, Indonesian languages, overview of some of the 700 languages spoken in Indonesia ** Indonesian names, customs reflecting the multicultural and polyglot nature of Indonesia * Indonesian culture, a complex of indigenous customs and foreign influences ** Indonesian art, various artistic expressions and artworks in the archipelago ** Indonesian cinema, a struggling and developing industry ** Indonesian literature, literature from Indonesia and Southeast Asia with shared language roots ** Indonesian music, hundreds of forms of traditional and contemporary music ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
