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Cornelis Jacob Van De Graaff
Cornelis Jacob van de Graaff (also known as ''van de Graeff'') (30 March 1734 – 21 April 1812), Dutch engineer-officer and Dutch Cape Colony, Cape Governor from 1785 to 1791. Career Van de Graaff followed in his father's footsteps and entered the Dutch cavalry but was in the engineering corps when he was appointed engineer extraordinary at 's-Hertogenbosch in April 1759. In 1784 he left for the Cape Colony as an engineer 2nd Class with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, as comptroller-general of fortifications in the province of Holland. Van de Graaff was appointed Governor at the Cape with the intention of making the colonists feel more satisfied. He arrived with his family in Table Bay on 22 January 1785 and officially took over from Joachim van Plettenberg on 14 February and quickly began to make sweeping changes in the defence system at the Cape. To improve the fortifications, two batteries were erected at Rogge Bay and additions were made to the Chavonnes Battery. The buildin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joachim Van Plettenberg
Baron Joachim Ammena van Plettenberg (8 March 1739, Leeuwarden, Netherlands – 18 August 1793, Zwolle, Netherlands) was the governor of the Cape of Good Hope from 11 August 1771 to 14 February 1785. Plettenberg was presiding governor after Ryk Tulbagh's death. On 18 May 1774 he was permanently appointed as governor. Early years Plettenberg descended from an aristocratic family from Westphalia in the Holy Roman Empire, the House of Plettenberg. His parents were Henrik Casimir van Plettenberg, colonel in the orange garrison in Leeuwarden and Agatha Petronella van Ammena. After his studies of law at the Utrecht University he left the country in 1764 and became in the service of the Dutch East India Company for 2 years a member of the Council of Law in Batavia. In 1767 he married Cornelia Charlotte Feith, the widow of Louis Taillefer. Cape Town At this time Cape Town was the property of a commercial company, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and not a colony of the Nethe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graaff-Reinet
Graaff-Reinet is a town in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is the oldest town in the province. It is also the sixth-oldest town in South Africa, after Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Simon's Town, Paarl and Swellendam. The town was the centre of a short-lived republic in the late 18th century. The town was a starting point for Great Trek groups led by Gerrit Maritz and Piet Retief and furnished large numbers of the Voortrekkers in 1835–1842. Graaff-Reinet is home to more national monuments than any other town or city in South Africa. It is also known for being a flourishing market for agricultural produce, noted for its mohair industry, and sheep and ostrich farming. History Graaff-Reinet was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1786, after Cape Town in 1652, Stellenbosch in 1679, Paarl in 1687 and Swellendam in 1745. The town is named after then-governor of the Cape Colony, Cornelis Jacob van de Graaff, and his wife. The town was originally established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governors Of The Dutch Cape Colony
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root ''gubernare''. Ancient empires Pre-Roman empires Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administrated by a governor, was created by the Romans, the term ''governor'' has been a convenient term for historians to describe similar systems in antiquity. Indeed, many regions of the pre-Roman antiquity were ultimately replaced by Roman 'standardized' provincial governments after their conquest by Rome. Plato used the metaphor of turning the Ship of State with a rudder; the Latin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1812 Deaths
Year 181 ( CLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Burrus (or, less frequently, year 934 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 181 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Imperator Lucius Aurelius Commodus and Lucius Antistius Burrus become Roman Consuls. * The Antonine Wall is overrun by the Picts in Britannia (approximate date). Oceania * The volcano associated with Lake Taupō in New Zealand erupts, one of the largest on Earth in the last 5,000 years. The effects of this eruption are seen as far away as Rome and China. Births * April 2 – Xian of Han, Chinese emperor (d. 234) * Zhuge Liang, Chinese chancellor and regent (d. 234) Deaths * Aelius Aristides, Greek orator and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1734 Births
Events January– March * January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Georgia in America. * February 16 – The Ostend Company, established in 1722 in the Austrian Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) to compete for trade in the West Indies (the Caribbean islands) and the East Indies (south and southeast Asia), ceases business as part of the agreement by Austria in the Second Treaty of Vienna. * March 12 – Salzburgers arrive at the mouth of the Savannah River in the British Colony of Georgia. April–June * April 25 – Easter occurs on the latest possible date (the next time is in 1886). * May 15 – Prince Charles of Spain (later King Charles III) becomes the new King of Naples and Sicily, five days after his arrival in Naples. * May 25 – Spanish forces under the command of José Carrillo de Albornoz, 1st Duke of Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1780s In South Africa
The following lists events that happened during the 1780s in South Africa. Events 1780 * The Fish River is made the eastern boundary of the Cape Colony * July - The Sultan of Mysore, India declares war on the British * October - Joachim van Plettenberg, Governor of the Dutch Cape Colony appoints Adriaan van Jaarsveld, to be field commandant over the eastern front. * 16 December - The Netherlands joins the League of Armed Neutrality that is formed by Catherine the Great of Russia to protest British interference with the shipping of neutral nations during the war. Russia, Sweden, Prussia, Denmark, Austria, Portugal and Italy all join * 20 December - Britain declares war on the Netherlands * French troops arrive at the Cape Colony to guard it against the English 1781 * * 3 February - British forces captured St Eustatius and neutralises all other Dutch outlets in the West Indies and in Surinam. French and Spanish forces later recaptured the island for the Dutch * July - Field C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gouda, South Holland
Gouda () is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, between Rotterdam and Utrecht, in the province of South Holland. Gouda has a population of 75,000 and is famous for its Gouda cheese, stroopwafels, many grachten, smoking pipes, and its 15th-century city hall. Its array of historic churches and other buildings makes it a very popular day trip destination. In the Middle Ages, a settlement was founded at the location of the current city by the Van der Goude family, who built a fortified castle alongside the banks of the Gouwe River, from which the family and the city took its name. The area, originally marshland, developed over the course of two centuries. By 1225, a canal was linked to the Gouwe and its estuary was transformed into a harbour. City rights were granted in 1272. History Around the year 1100, the area where Gouda now is located was swampy and covered with a peat forest, crossed by small creeks such as the Gouwe. Along the shores of this st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heren XVII
The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock company in the world, granting it a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia. Shares in the company could be bought by any resident of the United Provinces and then subsequently bought and sold in open-air secondary markets (one of which became the Amsterdam Stock Exchange). It is sometimes considered to have been the first multinational corporation. It was a powerful company, possessing quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike its own coins, and establish colonies. They are also known for their international slave trade. Statistically, the VOC eclipsed all of its rivals in the Asia trade. Between 1602 and 1796 the VOC sent almost a million Europe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock company in the world, granting it a 21-year monopoly to carry out trade activities in Asia. Shares in the company could be bought by any resident of the United Provinces and then subsequently bought and sold in open-air secondary markets (one of which became the Amsterdam Stock Exchange). It is sometimes considered to have been the first multinational corporation. It was a powerful company, possessing quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike its own coins, and establish colonies. They are also known for their international slave trade. Statistically, the VOC eclipsed all of its rivals in the Asia trade. Between 1602 and 1796 the VOC sent almost a million Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hester Cornelia Reynet
Hester is both a female given name and a surname. As a given name Hester is a variant of Esther. As a surname it is of Germanic origin and uncertain meaning, possible roots being the Middle High German ''heister'' beech tree indicating residence near a beech tree, or a shared root with the modern German ''heißen'' to call indicating the profession of herald or town crier. In Ireland, particularly County Mayo, the surname Hester is found as an Anglicized form of the Gaelic ''Ó hOistir'' descendant of Oistir. Given name * Hester Adrian, Baroness Adrian (1899—1966), British mental health worker * Hester Bateman (bap. 1708–1794), English silversmith * Hester A. Benedict (1838-1921), American poet and writer * Hester Biddle (c. 1629–97), English Quaker writer * Hester Chapone (1727–1801), British author * Hester A. Davis (1930–2014), American archaeologist * Hester Dowden (1868–1949), Irish spiritualist medium * Hester Dunn (b. 1940), Northern Irish former loyalist activ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Isaac Rhenius
Johan Isaac Rhenius (1750 – 27 July 1808), Cape official and acting Governor of the Cape Colony between 1791 and 1792. Career Rhenius became secunde at the Cape Colony in August 1786 and after the departure of Cornelis Jacob van de Graaff was appointed acting governor on 24 June 1791. On the 2nd of March 1792, Rhenius signed a proclamation that formed the basis of the establishment of a postal service at the Cape Colony. He acted as governor until 3 July 1792, when authority was taken over by Sebastiaan Cornelis Nederburgh and Simon Hendrik Frijkenius, in their capacity as Commissioners-General. He continued as secunde and when the British occupied the Cape, Rhenius make himself available as an official to serve under the British. In 1795 he was appointed Receiver-General and Treasurer and was also re-appointed as Commissaris-Politiek, a position he had held under the VOC. His task was to represent the government at Church meetings and to ensure that the church did not excee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Thibault
Louis Michel Thibault (28 September 1750 – 15 November 1815), was a French-born South African architect and engineer who designed numerous buildings in the Cape Colony. He was South Africa's first trained architect and brought with him a distinctive mannered neo-classicism. Life and career Born 28 September 1750 in Picquigny, Picardy in France, Thibault was trained at the Royal Academy of Architecture in Paris. At the time, the academy under Ange-Jacques Gabriel, provided the best architectural training available. Gabriel was an architect in the classical tradition, and had an important formative influence on Thibault's style. After qualifying at the academy, details of the next few years of Thibault's life are unknown. It is known, however, that he studied military engineering in Paris under the sponsorship of Colonel Charles Daniel de Meuron. Cape under Dutch occupation to 1795 The Swiss mercenary DeMeuron Regiment in the service of the Dutch East India Company, ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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