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Coosje Ayal
Costavina Aya "Coosje" Ayal (15 April 1926 – 28 March 2015) was a resistance fighter in Western New Guinea during World War II. She gained fame as the sole female survivor of the only guerrilla group in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) that held out during the Japanese occupation. Biography Coosje Ayal was born in the village of Titawaai on the island of Nusa Laut in the Moluccas. When Ayal was six years old, she was adopted by her aunt Tina and uncle Seth Nahuway and moved to Manokwari, Western New Guinea. Because her uncle was a civil servant of the Dutch colonial government, she went to a Dutch school, where she learned the Dutch language. During the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, Ayal's uncle was called upon by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army ( nl, Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger, KNIL) to hide weapons, food and ammunition in the jungle. When the Japanese fleet entered Dore Bay on 12 April 1942, an armed militia of 62 persons–of whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Women's Corps
The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Women's Corps ( nl, Vrouwenkorps van het Koninklijk Nederlands(ch)-Indisch Leger, VK-KNIL) was the women's branch of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL) that consisted of female ''oorlogsvrijwilligers''. It was founded during World War II on 5 March 1944 in Melbourne and disbanded at the conclusion of the Indonesian War of Independence with the abolition of the KNIL on 26 July 1950. Background In August 1943, the Netherlands East Indies Commission for Australia and New Zealand ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indische Commissie voor Australië en Nieuw-Zeeland, NINDICOM) in Melbourne wrote to the minister of the Colonies with the request to send information about the women's auxiliary corps that the Dutch government-in-exile intended to set up in England. In October 1943, mr. N.S. Blom, member of the Council of Assistance for Netherlands East Indies Affairs ( nl, Raad van Bijstand voor Nederlands(ch)-Indische Zaken) in London, forwarded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decoration For Order And Peace
The Decoration for Order and Peace ( nl, Ereteken voor Orde en Vrede) is a military award of the Netherlands. The medal was established on 12 December 1947 by royal decree of Queen Wilhelmina. The medal commemorates at least three months of service in the Dutch East Indies and adjacent waters during the Indonesian National Revolution. It was awarded to members of the Netherlands Armed Forces and the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army. Recipients who were engaged with hostile parties in a military context could be awarded clasps indicating the year of the action. Criteria The Decoration for Order and Peace was awarded to members of the Netherlands Armed Forces units and the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army. To qualify, service must have been in the Dutch East Indies or the adjacent sea areas for at least three months between 3 September 1945 and 4 June 1951. Originally, the recognized period of eligible service was through 27 December 1949, the date of the transfer of soverei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mobilisation War Cross
The Mobilisation War Cross (Dutch: ''Mobilisatie-Oorlogskruis'') is a Dutch medal awarded for service during World War II. Establishment and criteria The Mobilisation War Cross was established on 11 August 1948 by royal decree of Queen Wilhelmina. Those eligible for the award include military personnel who served for at least six months between 6 April 1939 – 20 May 1940. However, the Cross can also be awarded to non-military personnel or people who did not serve a full six months, as long as the subject performed military tasks for the Kingdom of the Netherlands. On 1 December 1992, the original royal decree was rescinded and replaced. Notable recipients * Coosje Ayal * Ted Meines * Truus Menger-Oversteegen * Freddie Oversteegen * Adriaan Paulen Adriaan "Adje" Paulen (12 October 1902, Haarlem – 9 May 1985, Eindhoven) was a Dutch athlete who competed from 1917 to 1931. During World War II, he was part of the Dutch resistance in the Netherlands. Following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resistance Memorial Cross
The Resistance Memorial Cross or Resistance Commemorative Cross ( nl, Verzetsherdenkingskruis) is a medal awarded in the Netherlands to members of the Dutch resistance during the Second World War. The medal was instituted by Royal Decree (No. 104) on 29 December 1980, after the 35th anniversary of the liberation of the Netherlands. It is worn after the War Memorial Cross and before the Medal of Order and Peace. The cross is only awarded at the request of a person eligible to receive it. Approximately 15,000 have been awarded, recorded in the ''Gedenkenboek verzetsherdenkingskruis''. Criteria The Resistance Memorial Cross may be awarded to: *Members of resistance groups recognised in the Royal Decree dated 5 September 1944 or to any resistance group known to the Council on Extraordinary Pensions or the 1940-1945 Foundation. *Anyone recognised by the Council on Extraordinary Pension as a participant in the resistance, regardless of whether they were awarded a pension. *Individuals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross Of Merit (Netherlands)
On 20 February 1941, the Dutch government in exile in London instituted several new awards for bravery. The new way that wars were fought, with civilian resistance and the merchant navy in great peril, made this necessary. Amongst the new decorations was the "Cross of Merit", ( nl, Kruis van Verdienste) an award for "working in the interest of the Netherlands while faced with enemy actions and distinguishing oneself through valor and resolute behavior". One did not have to be on the front line to win this award. The cross has often been awarded to those who managed to flee to England and to the armed resistance. It was rarely awarded after the Korean War, but since the fighting of the Netherlands army in Afghanistan, Uruzgan, this World War II decoration has been awarded again on a regular basis with the latest on 7 October 2009 to eleven Dutch soldiers. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotterdam
Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"New Meuse"'' inland shipping channel, dug to connect to the Meuse first, but now to the Rhine instead. Rotterdam's history goes back to 1270, when a dam was constructed in the Rotte. In 1340, Rotterdam was granted city rights by William IV, Count of Holland. The Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.7 million, is the 10th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country. A major logistic and economic centre, Rotterdam is Europe's largest seaport. In 2020, it had a population of 651,446 and is home to over 180 nationalities. Rotterdam is known for its university, riverside setting, lively cultural life, maritime heritage and modern architecture. The near-complete destruction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grote Of Sint-Laurenskerk (Rotterdam)
Grote of Sint-Laurenskerk (; en, Great, or St. Lawrence Church) is a Protestant church in Rotterdam. It is the only remnant of the medieval city of Rotterdam. History The church was built between 1449 and 1525. In 1621 a wooden spire was added to the tower, designed by Hendrick de Keyser. Poor quality of its wood caused the spire to be demolished in 1645. A stone cube was added to the tower, which proved too heavy for the foundation in 1650. New piles were driven under the tower and in 1655 the tower stood straight again. This basilica was the first all stone building in Rotterdam. Many important events took place here. The last priest of the Laurenskerk was Hubertus Duifhuis. The Reformation took place in 1572 and the Laurenskerk became a Protestant church. Ministers of the church include Laurens Johannes Jacobus van Oosterzee, Abraham Hellenbroek, Jan Scharp and J.R. Callenbach, who wrote a book about the history of the church a few years before the Rotterdam Blitz. The church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Remembrance 15 August 1945
The National Remembrance 15 August 1945 ( nl, Nationale Herdenking 15 augustus 1945) is an annual event at the Indies Monument in The Hague, the Netherlands, to commemorate the end of the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies and the end of World War II. Taking place every 15 August since 1988, it is also known as the National Indies Remembrance ( nl, Nationale Indiëherdenking). History For the Kingdom of the Netherlands, World War II officially came to an end on 15 August 1945, while this already applied to the Netherlands proper on 5 May 1945 with the end of World War II in Europe. For the two million Indo Dutch in the Netherlands, there was no commemoration of the events of the Second World War in the Dutch East Indies and their consequences. It wasn't until 1988 that an opportunity for their own annual commemoration arose. On 15 August 1970, a one-off commemoration of the surrender of Japan and the end of World War II in Southeast Asia took place in The Hague for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Committee For 4 And 5 May
The National Committee for 4 and 5 May ( nl, Nationaal Comité 4 en 5 mei) is a Dutch authority for war monuments and memorials since 1987. The committee is best known for its annual organization of the Remembrance of the Dead observances on May 4, and also its organization of music festivals to celebrate freedom on May 5, Liberation Day (Dutch: "Bevrijdingsdag"). on government website reflecting 1987 law, based on 1982 Royal decision Prior to its founding, the various observances were all organized locally with little or no central coordination. The organization now keeps a database of all war memorials and monuments erected over time throughout the kingdom, and this includes objects in former state-controlled territories. Since starting the May 4th Amsterdam ''dodenherdenking'', located on the spot where civilians w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
