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Mobilisation War Cross
The Mobilisation War Cross (Dutch: ''Mobilisatie-Oorlogskruis'') is a Dutch medal awarded for service during World War II. Establishment and criteria The Mobilisation War Cross was established on 11 August 1948 by royal decree of Queen Wilhelmina. Those eligible for the award include military personnel who served for at least six months between 6 April 1939 – 20 May 1940. However, the Cross can also be awarded to non-military personnel or people who did not serve a full six months, as long as the subject performed military tasks for the Kingdom of the Netherlands. On 1 December 1992, the original royal decree was rescinded and replaced. Notable recipients * Coosje Ayal * Ted Meines * Truus Menger-Oversteegen * Freddie Oversteegen * Adriaan Paulen Adriaan "Adje" Paulen (12 October 1902, Haarlem – 9 May 1985, Eindhoven) was a Dutch athlete who competed from 1917 to 1931. During World War II, he was part of the Dutch resistance in the Netherlands. Following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of The Netherlands
, national_anthem = ) , image_map = Kingdom of the Netherlands (orthographic projection).svg , map_width = 250px , image_map2 = File:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png , map_caption2 = Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale , capital = Amsterdam , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , admin_center = The Hague , admin_center_type = Government seat , official_languages = Dutch , languages_type = Official regional languages , languages = , languages2_type = Recognised languages , languages2 = , demonym = Dutch , membership = , membership_type = Countries , government_type = Devolved unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy , leader_title1 = Monarch , leader_name1 = Willem-Alexander , leader_title2 = Chairman of the Council of Ministers) when he acts as a Minister of the Kingdom. An example of this can be found in article 2(3a) of thAct on financial supervision for Curaçao and Sint Maarten Other ministers of the Netherlands are referred to w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea Commemorative Cross
The New Guinea Commemorative Cross ( nl, Nieuw-Guinea Herinneringskruis) is a military award of the Netherlands. The New Guinea Commemorative Cross was instituted by Queen Juliana by Royal Decree on 29 September 1962. The medal was awarded to members of the Netherlands Armed Forces the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, to recognize at least three months of service in Dutch New Guinea and adjacent waters between 28 December 1949 and 23 November 1962. Recipients who were engaged in hostile military action during the Indonesian campaign of infiltration were awarded a clasp with the year 1962. Criteria The New Guinea Commemorative Cross was awarded to members of the Netherlands Armed Forces and the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army. To qualify, service must have been for at least three months between 28 December 1949 and 23 November 1962 in Dutch New Guinea or the surrounding waters. Individuals whose service qualified them for a clasp did not have to serve the full three months to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross For Justice And Freedom
A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is termed a saltire in heraldic terminology. The cross has been widely recognized as a symbol of Christianity from an early period.''Christianity: an introduction'' by Alister E. McGrath 2006 pages 321-323 However, the use of the cross as a religious symbol predates Christianity; in the ancient times it was a pagan religious symbol throughout Europe and western Asia. The effigy of a man hanging on a cross was set up in the fields to protect the crops. It often appeared in conjunction with the female-genital circle or oval, to signify the sacred marriage, as in Egyptian amule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orders, Decorations, And Medals Of The Netherlands
In the Dutch honours system, most orders are the responsibility of ministers of the Netherlands Government. The house orders, however, are awarded at the discretion of the Dutch monarch alone. Over the centuries, hundreds of medals, decorations for merit or valour and orders of knighthood have been instituted by the successive governments of the Netherlands. The oldest were founded by the counts of Holland. Their successors, the House of Burgundy, founded the famous Order of the Golden Fleece. This order still exists in Spain and in the Austrian imperial House. The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands did not possess an order of knighthood. Instead so called "Beloningspenningen", golden medals on golden chains, were given as gifts to ambassadors and successful admirals. In 1781 a medal called the "Doggersbank medaille" was awarded to the officers who took part in the Battle of the Dogger Bank against the British fleet. It was the first modern Dutch decoration. The Batavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelmina Of The Netherlands
Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I, the Dutch economic crisis of 1933 and World War II. The only child of King William III of the Netherlands and Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Wilhelmina ascended to the throne at the age of 10 after her father's death in 1890, under her mother's regency. After taking charge of government, Wilhelmina became generally popular for maintaining Dutch neutrality during the First World War and solving many of her country's industrial problems. By that time, her business ventures had made her the world's first female billionaire in dollars. She went on to ensure that her family was one of seven European royal houses remaining in existence. Following the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1940, Wilhelmina fled to Britain and took charge of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coosje Ayal
Costavina Aya "Coosje" Ayal (15 April 1926 – 28 March 2015) was a resistance fighter in Western New Guinea during World War II. She gained fame as the sole female survivor of the only guerrilla group in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) that held out during the Japanese occupation. Biography Coosje Ayal was born in the village of Titawaai on the island of Nusa Laut in the Moluccas. When Ayal was six years old, she was adopted by her aunt Tina and uncle Seth Nahuway and moved to Manokwari, Western New Guinea. Because her uncle was a civil servant of the Dutch colonial government, she went to a Dutch school, where she learned the Dutch language. During the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, Ayal's uncle was called upon by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army ( nl, Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger, KNIL) to hide weapons, food and ammunition in the jungle. When the Japanese fleet entered Dore Bay on 12 April 1942, an armed militia of 62 persons–of whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ted Meines
Tette "Ted" Meines (25 September 1921 – 24 December 2016) was a lieutenant general in the Royal Netherlands Army and an activist for veterans' rights. During World War II, he was a member of the Dutch resistance and helped Jewish families, for which he was awarded the title Righteous Among the Nations by Israel. After the war had ended, Meines saw active service in the Politionele acties. During and after his military career, he became involved in veteran affairs and was instrumental in the setting up of several veterans organizations. He is considered the founder of the Dutch veteran affairs policy. Early life and World War II Meines was born on 25 September 1921 in Huizum. He grew up in a Reformed Christian family in Friesland and had four sisters. His father worked for the railways and was a local and provincial politician for the Anti-Revolutionary Party. He wished that his son would obtain a political position and thus helped him get a job at the municipality. He belonged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truus Menger-Oversteegen
Truus Menger-Oversteegen (Schoten, Netherlands, Schoten, 29 August 1923 – Grootebroek, 18 June 2016) was a Netherlands, Dutch sculptor and painter. During the Second World War she was a member of the anti-Nazi Germany, Nazi Dutch armed resistance, Resistance, together with her sister, Freddie Oversteegen, and Hannie Schaft. Schaft and Truus Oversteegen were planning to liquidate policeman and National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, NSB member Fake Krist on 25 October 1944, but other Haarlem Resistance fighters killed him first. On 1 March 1945, NSB police officer Willem Zirkzee was executed by Schaft and Truus Oversteegen near the Krelagehuis on the Leidsevaart in Haarlem. On 15 March, they wounded Ko Langendijk, who worked for the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). He survived the attack and, in 1948, testified in Amsterdam on behalf of his Velser girlfriend, the traitor Nelly Willy van der Meijden. In 1949, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. An earlier attempt on Langendij ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freddie Oversteegen
Freddie Nanda Dekker-Oversteegen (6 September 1925 – 5 September 2018) was a Dutch resistance member during the occupation of the Netherlands in World War II. Early life Freddie Oversteegen was born 6 September 1925 in the village of Schoten, Netherlands. She had an older sister, Truus Menger-Oversteegen. She and her family lived on a barge. Before the war started in the Netherlands, the Oversteegen family hid people from Lithuania in the hold of their ship. After the divorce of her parents, Oversteegen was raised by her mother. She moved from the barge to a small apartment. Her mother later remarried and gave birth to her half-brother. The family lived in poverty. World War II During World War II, the Oversteegen family hid a Jewish couple in their home. Freddie Oversteegen and her older sister Truus began handing out anti-Nazi pamphlets, which attracted the notice of Haarlem Council of Resistance commander Frans van der Wiel. With their mother's permission, the girls joi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adriaan Paulen
Adriaan "Adje" Paulen (12 October 1902, Haarlem – 9 May 1985, Eindhoven) was a Dutch athlete who competed from 1917 to 1931. During World War II, he was part of the Dutch resistance in the Netherlands. Following World War II, Paulen became a sports official, becoming president of the IAAF (then International Amateur Athletic Federation), serving from 1976 to 1981. Sporting career Competing in three Summer Olympics, Paulen earned his best finish of seventh in the 800 m event at Antwerp in 1920. In 1924, he became first of over forty world record breakers (up to his 1985 death) in athletics at Bislett stadion in Oslo, setting a record in 500 m, then an official distance."Obituary: Adriaan Paulen (HOL)". In ''Olympic Review''. July 1985. p. 400. Besides competing at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Paulen was also a member of the Organizing Committee. Stepping down from his athletic career in 1931, Paulen also participated in the Monte Carlo Rally eight times and o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Godfried Van Voorst Tot Voorst
Jan Joseph Godfried, Baron van Voorst tot Voorst Jr. (29 December 1880 – 11 November 1963) was the second highest officer in command of the Dutch armed forces during World War II and a renowned strategist, who wrote numerous articles and books on modern warfare. Personal life He was the fifth child of Jan Joseph Godfried van Voorst tot Voorst sr.—lieutenant general and president of the Senate of the Netherlands—and Anna Cremers. With his first wife, Jkvr. Octavia Ottine van Nispen tot Pannerden (1885–1947), he had six children. His second wife, Jkvr. Joanna Maria Alfrida Louisa (1910–1992), was a daughter of the Dutch Prime Minister Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck. Military career After he completed his secondary education, he was admitted to the Royal Military Academy (KMA) in Breda in 1898. In 1901, he graduated first in his class, and enlisted in an infantry regiment in Haarlem. During the general railway strikes in 1903, he was the only lieutenant in cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
