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Convention Of El-Arish
The Convention of El Arish was signed on 24 January 1800 by representatives from France and the Ottoman Empire in the presence of a British representative. It was intended to bring to an end the French campaign in Egypt and Syria, with the repatriation of French troops to France and the return of all territory to the Ottomans. In December 1799 the British government had issued orders that its commanders were not to allow a separate treaty to be agreed between the Ottomans and France in which their troops would be returned to Europe. However these instructions did not reach the British naval commander in Egypt, Sidney Smith, until after the convention had been signed. When Smith and his senior officer, Lord Keith, communicated this stipulation to the French forces the French commander Jean-Baptiste Kléber was outraged. He ordered his troops to attack the Ottomans and won the subsequent Battle of Heliopolis on 20 March. When it heard of the convention the British government a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonaparte Ante La Esfinge, Por Jean-Léon Gérôme
Bonaparte is an Italian surname. It derives from Italian language, Italian ''bona'' (''buona'') 'good' and ''parte'' 'solution' or 'match' (a name bestowed as an expression of satisfaction at a newborn's arrival). Bonaparte may refer to: People *The House of Bonaparte, an imperial and royal European dynasty **Napoleon, Napoleon I of France (1769–1821), founder **Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples and Spain *José Bonaparte (1928–2020), Argentine paleontologist *Charles Bonaparte (other), the name of several people * Napoleon Bonaparte (other), the name of several people Places Australia * Bonaparte Basin, sedimentary basin across the boundary of Western Australia and the Northern Territory * Bonaparte Gulf on the coast in the same area Canada *Bonaparte River, a river in British Columbia *Bonaparte Lake, a lake in British Columbia **Bonaparte Provincial Park, a park in the area of the lake *Bonaparte Plateau, a plateau in British Columbia United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandria
Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital. During the Hellenistic period, it was home to the Lighthouse of Alexandria, which ranked among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, as well as the storied Library of Alexandria. Today, the library is reincarnated in the disc-shaped, ultramodern Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Its 15th-century seafront Qaitbay Citadel is now a museum. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" by locals, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. The city extends about along the northern coast of Egypt, and is the largest city on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanover
Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany after Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen. Hanover's urban area comprises the towns of Garbsen, Langenhagen and Laatzen and has a population of about 791,000 (2018). The Hanover Region has approximately 1.16 million inhabitants (2019). The city lies at the confluence of the River Leine and its tributary the Ihme, in the south of the North German Plain, and is the largest city in the Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region. It is the fifth-largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg, Dortmund, Essen and Bremen. Before it became the capital of Lower Saxony in 1946, Hannover was the capital of the Principality of Calenberg (1636–1692), the Electorate of Hanover (1692–1814), the Kingdom of Hannover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Tyrwhitt Jones
Sir Thomas Tyrwhitt Jones, 1st Baronet (1 September 1765 – 26 November 1811) of Stanley Hall, Shropshire, was a British politician. He was the eldest son of Captain John Tyrwhitt, RN, of Netherclay House, Bishop's Hull, Somerset and educated at Winchester and Christ Church, Oxford. He succeeded his cousin Sir Thomas Jones in 1782, adopting the additional surname of Jones in 1790. He was the Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis from 1790 to June 1791. Jones subsequently represented several other constituencies. He was MP for Denbigh Boroughs from January 1797 to 1802; Athlone from 22 August 1803 to 1806; and Shrewsbury from 1807 to 26 November 1811. He was created a baronet on 3 October 1808. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1800. He died at his residence, Clarence Lodge near Roehampton, now in south-west London. He had married Harriet Rebecca, the daughter of Edward Williams of Eaton Mascott, Shropshire, with whom he had three sons and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Commons
The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called a "House of Commons". History and naming The House of Commons of the Kingdom of England evolved from an undivided parliament to serve as the voice of the tax-paying subjects of the counties and of the boroughs. Knights of the shire, elected from each county, were usually landowners, while the borough members were often from the merchant classes. These members represented subjects of the Crown who were not Lords Temporal or Spiritual, who themselves sat in the House of Lords. The House of Commons gained its name because it represented communities (''communes''). Since the 19th century, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Tigre (1793)
''Tigre'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Later it was captured by the British and, as HMS ''Tigre'', operated as part of the Royal Navy throughout the Napoleonic Wars. French service Her first captain was Pierre Jean Van Stabel. When Van Stabel was promoted, she became the flagship of his 6-ship squadron. She notably fought in 1793 to rescue the French frigate , along with the ship of the line . Under Jacques Bedout, she took part in the Battle of Groix where she was captured by the British. She was recommissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS ''Tigre''. British service Under the Royal Navy she assisted in the defence of Acre during Bonaparte's siege. Her crew qualified for the clasp "Acre 30 May 1799" to the Naval General Service Medal authorised in 1850 for all surviving claimants (27 awarded). On 8 January 1801 captured the French bombard ''St. Roche'', which was carrying wine, liqueurs, ironware, Delfth cloth, and various other merchandise, from Marsei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Pitt The Younger
William Pitt the Younger (28 May 175923 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of Great Britain (before the Acts of Union 1800) and then first prime minister of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ireland) as of January 1801. He left office in March 1801, but served as prime minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer for all of his time as prime minister. He is known as "Pitt the Younger" to distinguish him from his father, William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, who had previously served as prime minister and is referred to as "William Pitt the Elder" (or "Chatham" by historians). Pitt's prime ministerial tenure, which came during the reign of King George III, was dominated by major political events in Europe, including the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. Pitt, although often referred to as a Tory, or "new Tory", called himself an "independent Whig" and was generally opposed to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques-François Menou
Jacques-François de Menou, Baron of Boussay, later Abdallah de Menou, (3 September 1750 – 13 August 1810) was a French statesman and general of Napoleon during the French Revolutionary Wars, most noted for his role in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria, Egyptian Campaign conducted between 1798 and 1801. French Revolution Born in Boussay, Indre-et-Loire, Boussay in central France to an ancient family, he had already attained the rank of Maréchal de camp in 1789, when he was elected by the Estates General (France), Second Estate of the bailiwick of Touraine to the Estates General of 1789, Estates General in 1789. He was a liberal nobleman and supported the reforms of the National Constituent Assembly (France), National Constituent Assembly, of which he was elected secretary in December and president for a standard two weeks term (27 March - 12 April 1790). He served as a member of the diplomatic committee. With the closing of the National Assembly in September 1791, he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suleiman Al-Halabi
Suleiman al-Halabi ( ar, سليمان الحلبي), also spelled Soleyman El-Halaby (1777–1800), was a Kurds, Kurdish man who assassination, assassinated French general Jean-Baptiste Kléber, leader of the French occupation forces in Egypt. He was tortured by burning his hand to the bone before being Capital punishment, executed by anal impalement. The descriptive Al Halabi means "from Aleppo". Early life Suleiman al-Halabi was of Kurds, Kurdish origin, born in 1777 in Aleppo, His father, Mohammad Amin, was a merchant of butter and olive oil. Al-Halabi's father sent him to Cairo, Egypt in 1797 to study Islamic sciences at Al-Azhar University. Assassination, trial and execution On June 14, 1800, al-Halabi approached Kléber's home in the guise of a beggar Audience (head of state), seeking an audience with Kléber. When he approached him, Kléber extended his hand for al-Halabi to kiss in return for some money. Instead, al-Halabi violently pulled the general toward him and s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliopolis, Cairo
Heliopolis ( arz, مصر الجديده, ', , "New Egypt") was a suburb outside Cairo, Egypt, which has since merged with Cairo as a district of the city and is one of the more affluent areas of Cairo. Named for the ancient Egyptian city of Heliopolis to which it lies adjacent, modern Heliopolis was established in 1905 by the Heliopolis Oasis Company headed by the Belgian industrialist Édouard Empain and by Boghos Nubar, son of the Egyptian Prime Minister Nubar Pasha. It is the location of the Cairo International Airport. The population of Heliopolis is estimated at some 142,968 individuals (2016). History Baron Empain, a well-known amateur Egyptologist and prominent Belgian entrepreneur, arrived in Egypt in January 1904, intending to rescue one of his Belgian wife's development projects: the construction of a railway line linking Al-Matariyyah to Port Said. Despite losing the railway contract to the British, Empain stayed on in Egypt. In 1905, Empain est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metropolitan area, with a population of 21.9 million, is the 12th-largest in the world by population. Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis and Heliopolis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, the city first developed as Fustat, a settlement founded after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640 next to an existing ancient Roman fortress, Babylon. Under the Fatimid dynasty a new city, ''al-Qāhirah'', was founded nearby in 969. It later superseded Fustat as the main urban centre during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods (12th–16th centuries). Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life, and is titled "the city of a thousand m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unconditional Surrender
An unconditional surrender is a surrender in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party. It is often demanded with the threat of complete destruction, extermination or annihilation. In modern times, unconditional surrenders most often include guarantees provided by international law. Announcing that only unconditional surrender is acceptable puts psychological pressure on a weaker adversary, but it may also prolong hostilities. Examples Banu Qurayza during Muhammad's era After the Battle of the Trench, in which the Muslims tactically overcame their opponents while suffering very few casualties, efforts to defeat the Muslims failed, and Islam became influential in the region. As a consequence, the Muslim army besieged the neighbourhood of the Banu Qurayza tribe, leading to their unconditional surrender.Watt, ''Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman'', pp. 167–174. All the men, apart from a few who converted to Islam, were executed, while the women and children were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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