|
Condorism
Condorism (in pt, Condorismo or ) was a Brazilian literary movement that lasted from the mid-1860s until the early 1880s. It is a subdivision of Brazilian literature#Romanticism, Brazilian Romanticism, being thus called "the third phase of Brazilian Romanticism", preceded by the Indianism (arts), Indianism and the Ultra-Romanticism. Condorism was created by the poet Tobias Barreto, who was one of its most significant figures alongside Castro Alves and Pedro LuÃs Pereira de Sousa. The name "Condorism" comes from the condor, a bird of solitary and high flight, said to be capable of seeing things from a great distance. Condorist poets believed they had this same ability, and should use it to educate people in the ways of justice and freedom. Sometimes (albeit very rarely) Condorism is also called Hugoanism (in pt, Hugoanismo), after Victor Hugo, who served as the major Condorist influence. Characteristics Condorism changed Brazilian poetry in a variety of ways, being considered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joaquim De Sousa Andrade
Joaquim de Sousa Andrade, better known by his pseudonym Sousândrade (July 9, 1833 – April 20, 1902), was a Brazilian poet, adept of the "Condorism, Condorist" movement. His poetry, exceedingly innovative for the time it was published, is now considered an early example of Symbolism (arts), Symbolism and Modernist poetry, Modernism in Brazil. He also designed the flag of the Brazilian State of Maranhão. Biography Sousândrade was born in the city of Guimarães, Maranhão, Guimarães, in the Brazilian State of Maranhão, in 1833. He published his first poetry book, ''Harpas Selvagens'' (''Wild Harps''), in 1857. He travelled to many countries, such as France (where he graduated in Linguistics and mining engineering at University of Paris, Sorbonne) and the United States, where he settled in 1871. It was while in the U.S.A. that he wrote ''Guesa'', an epic poetry, epic poem based on a Quechua people, Quechua legend about a teenager Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indian who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indianism (arts)
Indianism (in pt, Indianismo) is a Brazilian literary and artistic movement that reached its peak during the first stages of Romanticism, though it had been present in Brazilian literature since the Baroque period. In Romantic contexts, it is called "the first generation of Brazilian Romanticism", being succeeded by the "Ultra-Romanticism" and the "Condorism". Historical context After the independence of Brazil from Portugal in 1822, a heavy wave of nationalism spread through the Brazilian people. Inspired by this, poets and writers began to search for an entity that could represent and personify the newly created Brazilian nation. Since there was no Middle Ages in Brazil, it could not be the knight, as in the European chivalric romances; it could not be the Portuguese man either, since Brazilians still held resentment for the years of colonization; it could not be the black man either, since the mentality of the time did not allow it. Influenced by Enlightenment ideals, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultra-Romanticism
Ultra-Romanticism ( pt, Ultrarromantismo) was a Portuguese and Brazilian literary movement that took place during the second half of the 19th. Aesthetically similar to (but not exactly the same as) the German- and British-originated Dark Romanticism, it was typified by a tendency to exaggerate the norms and ideals of Romanticism, namely the value of subjectivity, individualism, amorous idealism, nature and the medieval world. The Ultra-Romantics generated literary works of highly contendable quality, some of them being considered as "romance of knife and earthenware bowl", given the succession of bloody crimes that they invariably described, which realists fiercely denounced. In Portugal, the first Ultra-Romantic piece ever written was the poem ''O noivado do sepulcro'' ("The tombstone engagement") by António Augusto Soares de Passos, while in Brazil the first major Ultra-Romantic works were the books '' Lira dos Vinte Anos'' (''Twenty-year-old Lyre'') and ''Noite na Taverna'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobias Barreto
Tobias Barreto de Meneses (June 7, 1839 – June 26, 1889) was a Brazilian poet, philosopher, jurist and literary critic. He is famous for creating the " Condorism" and revolutionizing Brazilian Romanticism and poetry. He is patron of the 38th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Life Barreto was born in Vila de Campos do Rio Real (renamed "Tobias Barreto" in his honor in 1909), a town in the southern part of Sergipe. He learnt his first letters with Manuel Joaquim de Oliveira Campos, and he also studied Latin with priest Domingos Quirino. Barreto was so dedicated to the course that, in the future, he would become a Latin professor in Itabaiana. In 1861 he left for Bahia in order to attend a seminary; however, having soon realized that it was not his vocation, he quit. Between 1864 and 1865 he became a private tutor in many subjects. He also tried to become a Latin (and later Philosophy) teacher at the Ginásio Pernambucano, but was not successful at the institution. Barr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castro Alves
Antônio Frederico de Castro Alves (14 March 1847 – 6 July 1871) was a Brazilian poet and playwright, famous for his Abolitionism, abolitionist and Republicanism, republican poems. One of the most famous poets of the "Condorism", he won the epithet of "O Poeta dos Escravos" ("''The Poet of the Slaves''"). He is the patron of the 7th chair of the Academia Brasileira de Letras, Brazilian Academy of Letters. Life Castro Alves was born in the town of Castro Alves, Bahia, Curralinho (renamed "Castro Alves" in his honor in 1900), in the Brazilian state of Bahia, to Antônio José Alves, a doctor, and Clélia BrasÃlia da Silva Castro, one of the daughters of José Antônio da Silva Castro (a.k.a. "Periquitão", Portuguese language, Portuguese for "Big Parakeet"), a prominent fighter in the Siege of Salvador, 1821–23 Siege of Salvador. In 1853, he was sent to study in the Colégio Sebrão, run by AbÃlio César Borges, Baron of Macaúbas, AbÃlio César Borges, the Baron of Mac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro LuÃs Pereira De Sousa
Pedro LuÃs Pereira de Sousa (December 13, 1839 – July 16, 1884) was a Brazilian poet, politician, orator and lawyer, adept of the " Condorist" movement. He is the patron of the 31st chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Life Pedro LuÃs was born in Araruama, in 1839. He made his primary studies in the Instituto Freeze, in Nova Friburgo, where he met Casimiro de Abreu. Graduated in Law in the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo in 1860, he established himself as a lawyer in Rio de Janeiro. A deputy between 1864–1866 and 1878–1881, he would also become minister of Foreign Affairs in 1880 and the governor of Bahia in 1882. Among many others, he was decorated with the Order of the Rose. He died in 1884. Works * ''Terribilis Dea'' (1860) * ''Os Voluntários da Morte'' (1864) * ''A Sombra de Tiradentes e Nunes Machado'' (1866) * ''Prisca Fides'' (1876) Trivia * He was the uncle of former Brazilian president Washington LuÃs. * His major work, ''Terribi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Bonifácio The Younger
José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (November 8, 1827 – October 26, 1886) was a French-born Brazilian poet, teacher and senator. He is known as "the Younger" ( pt, O Moço) to distinguish him from his grand-uncle, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, "the Elder" or "the Patriarch", a famous statesman who was one of the most important mentors of Brazilian independence. He is the patron of the 22nd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, and of the 7th chair of the Paulista Academy of Letters. Life José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva was born in 1827 at the French city of Bordeaux (because of the Andradas' exile), to Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada and Gabriela Frederica Ribeiro de Andrada. After moving to Brazil, more precisely to Rio de Janeiro, he ingressed in his secondary course at what is now the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras, but had to abandon his studies due to health problems. He graduated in Law in 1853, at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Sà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Die Gartenlaube (1879) B 701
''Die Gartenlaube – Illustriertes Familienblatt'' (; ) was the first successful mass-circulation German newspaper and a forerunner of all modern magazines.Sylvia Palatschek: ''Popular Historiographies in the 19th and 20th Centuries'' (Oxford: Berghahn, 2010) p. 41 It was founded by publisher Ernst Keil and editor Ferdinand Stolle in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony in 1853. Their objective was to reach and enlighten the whole family, especially in the German middle classes, with a mixture of current events, essays on the natural sciences, biographical sketches, short stories, poetry, and full-page illustrations.Kirsten Belgum: "Domesticating the Reader: Women and Die Gartenlaube" in: ''Women in German Yearbook 9'' (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993) p. 93-100 At the height of its popularity ''Die Gartenlaube'' was widely read across the German speaking world. It could be found in all German states, the German colonies in Africa and among the significant German-speaking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abolitionism
Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism was a historic movement that sought to end the Atlantic slave trade and liberate the enslaved people. The British abolitionist movement started in the late 18th century when English and American Quakers began to question the morality of slavery. James Oglethorpe was among the first to articulate the Enlightenment case against slavery, banning it in the Province of Georgia on humanitarian grounds, and arguing against it in Parliament, and eventually encouraging his friends Granville Sharp and Hannah More to vigorously pursue the cause. Soon after Oglethorpe's death in 1785, Sharp and More united with William Wilberforce and others in forming the Clapham Sect. The Somersett case in 1772, in which a fugitive slave was freed with the judgement that slavery did not exist under English common law, helped launch the British movement to abolish slavery. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism, clandestine literature, paganism, idealization of nature, suspicion of science and industrialization, and glorification of the past with a strong preference for the medieval rather than the classical. It was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, the social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education, chess, social sciences, and the natural sciences. It had a significant and complex effect on politics, with romantic thinkers influencing conservatism, libe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O Navio Negreiro
O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''o'' (pronounced ), plural ''oes''. History Its graphic form has remained fairly constant from Phoenician times until today. The name of the Phoenician letter was '' ʿeyn'', meaning "eye", and indeed its shape originates simply as a drawing of a human eye (possibly inspired by the corresponding Egyptian hieroglyph, cf. Proto-Sinaitic script). Its original sound value was that of a consonant, probably , the sound represented by the cognate Arabic letter ع ''ʿayn''. The use of this Phoenician letter for a vowel sound is due to the early Greek alphabets, which adopted the letter as O "omicron" to represent the vowel . The letter was adopted with this value in the Old Italic alphabets, including the early Latin alphabet. In Greek, a variation of the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_b_701.jpg "Click for more on -> Condorism")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Indianism (arts)")
_b_573.jpg "Click for more on -> Die Gartenlaube (1879) B 701")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Abolitionism")
