José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (November 8, 1827 – October 26, 1886) was a French-born Brazilian poet, teacher and senator. He is known as "the Younger" ( pt, O Moço) to distinguish him from his grand-uncle, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, "the Elder" or "the Patriarch", a famous statesman who was one of the most important mentors of

Brazilian independence The Independence of Brazil comprised a series of political and military events that led to the independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves as the Brazilian Empire. Most of the events occurre ...

. He is the patron of the 22nd chair of the

Brazilian Academy of Letters The Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL) ( English: ''Brazilian Academy of Letters'') is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on Tue ...

, and of the 7th chair of the Paulista Academy of Letters.

Life

José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva was born in 1827 at the French city of

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( , ; Gascon oc, Bordèu ; eu, Bordele; it, Bordò; es, Burdeos) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, Southwestern France. It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefect ...

(because of the Andradas' exile), to

Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada (9 April 1775 – 23 February 1844) was a Brazilian politician who played a leading role in the declaration of Brazil's independence and in the government during the years that followed. He was twice Minister o ...

and Gabriela Frederica Ribeiro de Andrada. After moving to Brazil, more precisely to

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

, he ingressed in his secondary course at what is now the

Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras The ''Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras'' (AMAN, en, Military Academy of Agulhas Negras - named after the Agulhas Negras summit) is the biggest among several schools of formation of combatant officers of the Brazilian Army. It originated in ...

, but had to abandon his studies due to health problems. He graduated in

Law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

in 1853, at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo, where he befriended

Álvares de Azevedo Manuel Antônio Álvares de Azevedo (September 12, 1831 – April 25, 1852), affectionately called "Maneco" by his close friends, relatives and admirers, was a Brazilian Romantic poet, short story writer, playwright and essayist, considered to b ...

Aureliano Lessa Aureliano José Lessa (1828–1861) was a Brazilian poet, adept of the "Ultra-Romanticism" movement. Born in Minas Gerais in 1828, he moved to São Paulo in 1847 to study Law, but received his bacharel degree at the Faculdade de Direito de Olinda ...

and

Bernardo Guimarães Bernardo Joaquim da Silva Guimarães (; August 15, 1825 – March 10, 1884) was a Brazilian poet and novelist. He is the author of the famous romances '' A Escrava Isaura'' and '' O Seminarista''. He also introduced to Brazilian poetry the ''verso ...

. He became a Law teacher at the Faculdade de Direito do Recife during 1854–1858, where he taught and heavily influenced Castro Alves, Salvador de Mendonça, Joaquim Nabuco, Afonso Pena and

Rui Barbosa Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira (5 November 1849 – 1 March 1923), also known as Rui Barbosa, was a Brazilian polymath, diplomat, writer, jurist, and politician. Born in Salvador, Bahia, and a distinguished and staunch defender of civil liberties and ...

. He became a provincial deputy in 1860, minister of the

Brazilian Navy ) , colors= Blue and white , colors_label= Colors , march= "Cisne Branco" ( en, "White Swan") (same name as training ship ''Cisne Branco'' , mascot= , equipment= 1 multipurpose aircraft carrier7 submarines6 frigates2 corvettes4 amphibious war ...

in 1862 and senator of the

Empire of Brazil The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom ...

in 1864. Getting involved in

abolitionist Abolitionism, or the abolitionist movement, is the movement to end slavery. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism was a historic movement that sought to end the Atlantic slave trade and liberate the enslaved people. The British ...

ideals, because of that he rejected the presidency of the Council of Ministers, offered to him by Emperor Pedro II of Brazil. He was married to Adelaide Eugênia da Costa Aguiar de Andrada. When she died, he then married Rafaela de Souza Aguiar Gurgel do Amaral, having with her five children: José Bonifácio, Martim Francisco, Narcisa, Maria Flora and Gabriela. He died in 1886. Jose bonifacio andrade silva

Works

José Bonifácio's only work was the poetry book ''Rosas e Goivos'' (in en, Roses and Cresses), published in

1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...

. Its poems oscillate between "

Ultra-Romanticism Ultra-Romanticism ( pt, Ultrarromantismo) was a Portuguese and Brazilian literary movement that took place during the second half of the 19th. Aesthetically similar to (but not exactly the same as) the German- and British-originated Dark Romanticis ...

" and " Condorism".

External links

Extracts of poems by José Bonifácio at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters

* ttp://www.carcasse.com/letras/autor.php?autor=12 Poems by José Bonifácio {{DEFAULTSORT:Bonifacio, Jose 1827 births 1886 deaths Brazilian male poets Brazilian people of Portuguese descent Romantic poets Brazilian abolitionists 19th-century Brazilian poets University of São Paulo alumni Patrons of the Brazilian Academy of Letters Portuguese-language writers Members of the Senate of the Empire of Brazil Government ministers of Brazil 19th-century Brazilian male writers