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Joaquim de Sousa Andrade, better known by his pseudonym Sousândrade (July 9, 1833 – April 20, 1902), was a Brazilian poet, adept of the "Condorism, Condorist" movement. His poetry, exceedingly innovative for the time it was published, is now considered an early example of Symbolism (arts), Symbolism and Modernist poetry, Modernism in Brazil.
He also designed the flag of the Brazilian State of Maranhão.
Sousândrade died poor, forgotten and allegedly mental disorder, mentally ill in São Luís, in 1902. His works, forgotten for decades, were only rediscovered in the 1960s and the 1970s, thanks to the efforts of Augusto de Campos, Augusto and Haroldo de Campos. Ironically, he has said once of his poem ''Guesa'', in 1877:
Excerpts of poems by Sousândrade
{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrade, Joaquim de Sousa 1833 births 1902 deaths Brazilian emigrants to the United States University of Paris alumni Brazilian male poets Romantic poets People from Maranhão Portuguese-language writers 19th-century Brazilian poets Brazilian expatriates in France 19th-century Brazilian male writers
Biography
Sousândrade was born in the city of Guimarães, Maranhão, Guimarães, in the Brazilian State of Maranhão, in 1833. He published his first poetry book, ''Harpas Selvagens'' (''Wild Harps''), in 1857. He travelled to many countries, such as France (where he graduated in Linguistics and mining engineering at University of Paris, Sorbonne) and the United States, where he settled in 1871. It was while in the U.S.A. that he wrote ''Guesa'', an epic poetry, epic poem based on a Quechua people, Quechua legend about a teenager Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indian who is going to be sacrificed to the Sun God. ''Guesa'' is characterized by the employment of neologisms and vertiginous metaphors; thus, it is considered by some critics a precursor work of Modernist poetry, Modernism, however this was only acknowledged decades after his death. From 1871 to 1879 he was secretary and collaborator for the periodical ''O Novo Mundo'', directed by José Carlos Rodrigues in New York City. Returning to Maranhão, in order to commemorate the First Brazilian Republic, proclamation of the republic in Brazil, he became president of the mayor's office of São Luís, Maranhão, São Luís in 1890. He founded many schools, realized reforms in the education and idealized the flag of Maranhão. He also planned to be a senator in 1890, but quit before the elections were held.
Sousândrade died poor, forgotten and allegedly mental disorder, mentally ill in São Luís, in 1902. His works, forgotten for decades, were only rediscovered in the 1960s and the 1970s, thanks to the efforts of Augusto de Campos, Augusto and Haroldo de Campos. Ironically, he has said once of his poem ''Guesa'', in 1877:
Works
* ''Harpas Selvagens'' (1857 in literature, 1857) * ''Guesa'' (1871 in literature, 1871) * ''Harpa de Ouro'' (1888/1889) * ''Novo Éden'' (1893 in literature, 1893)See also
* List of mayors of São Luís, MaranhãoReferences
External links
Excerpts of poems by Sousândrade
{{DEFAULTSORT:Andrade, Joaquim de Sousa 1833 births 1902 deaths Brazilian emigrants to the United States University of Paris alumni Brazilian male poets Romantic poets People from Maranhão Portuguese-language writers 19th-century Brazilian poets Brazilian expatriates in France 19th-century Brazilian male writers