|
Commelinoideae
Commelinoideae is a subfamily of monocotyledonous plants in the dayflower family ( Commelinaceae). It is one of two subfamilies within the Commelinaceae and includes 39 genera (out of 41 in the family) and all but 12 of the family's several hundred known species. The subfamily is further broken down into two tribes, the Tradescantieae, which includes 26 genera and about 300 species, and the Commelineae, which contains 13 genera and about 350 species. The Commelinoideae is separated morphologically from the other subfamily, Cartonematoideae, in having glandular microhairs, arteries containing needle-like calcium oxalate crystals called raphide canals in between the veins of the leaves, and flowers that are virtually never both yellow and actinomorphic. Molecular phylogenetics also supports the separation of the two subfamilies. Phylogeny The following is a phylogeny, or evolutionary tree, of most of the genera in Commelinoideae based on DNA sequences from the plastid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commelinaceae
Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 known species in 41 genera. Well known genera include '' Commelina'' (dayflowers) and '' Tradescantia'' (spiderworts). The family is diverse in both the Old World tropics and the New World tropics, with some genera present in both. The variation in morphology, especially that of the flower and inflorescence, is considered to be exceptionally high amongst the angiosperms. The family has always been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Commelinales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family counts several hundred species of herbaceous plants. Many are cultivated as ornamentals. The stems of these plants are g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commelineae
Commelineae is a Tribe (biology), tribe of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family (biology), family (Commelinaceae). The tribe consists of 13 genera and about 350 species. It is one of two tribes in the subfamily Commelinoideae, the other being the Tradescantieae, which is made up of 26 genera and about 300 species. The remaining two genera in the family are in a separate subfamily, the Cartonematoideae. The Commelineae can be separated Morphology (biology), morphologically from its sister tribe, the Tradescantieae, through a number of technical characters. These include having six subsidiary cells with the terminal pair always being smaller than the second lateral pair, pollen with a spiny exine and a perforate pollen, tectum, primarily zygomorphic flowers, non-moniliform filament hairs, no silica in the Epidermis (botany), epidermis, and small chromosomes. Molecular phylogenetics generally supports the separation of the two tribes. References Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commelina Maculata
''Commelina maculata'' is an herbaceous plant in the dayflower family found in India, Burma, Bhutan, and southern China. It is most often encountered along forest margins, in grasslands, along roadsides, or in moist ditches. The species is characterized by its short-stalked spathe In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or o ...s with fused margins that usually occur in clusters of two or three, bearing flowers that barely stick out from the mouth of the spathe. The species is very similar to '' Commelina paludosa'', and further study is needed to recognize the boundary between the two. The two are typically differentiated on the basis of ''C. paludosa'' having larger and more numerous spathes that occur in clusters of four to ten, forming a sort of head. ''C. paludosa'' is also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plastid
The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. They are considered to be intracellular endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. Examples include chloroplasts (used for photosynthesis), chromoplasts (used for pigment synthesis and storage), and leucoplasts (non-pigmented plastids that can sometimes differentiate). The event which led to permanent endosymbiosis in the Archaeplastida clade (of land plants, red algae, and green algae) probably occurred with a cyanobiont (a symbiotic cyanobacteria) related to the genus '' Gloeomargarita'', around 1.5 billion years ago. A later primary endosymbiosis event occurred in photosynthetic ''Paulinella'' amoeboids about 90–140 million years ago. This plastid belongs to the "PS-clade" (of the cyanobacteria genera ''Prochlorococcus'' and ''Synechococcus''). Secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis has also occurred, in a wid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belosynapsis
Belosynapsis is a genus of mainly perennial plants in the family Commelinaceae, first described in 1871. It is native to Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Papuasia, and southern China. ; Species * ''Belosynapsis ciliata'' (Blume) R.S.Rao – southern China, eastern Himalayas, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu * ''Belosynapsis epiphytica'' (Blatt.) C.E.C.Fisch. – southern India * ''Belosynapsis kawakamii'' (Hayata) C.I.Peng & Y.J.Chen – Taiwan * ''Belosynapsis kewensis'' Hassk. – southern India * ''Belosynapsis moluccana'' (Roxb.) C.E.C.Fisch. – Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea * ''Belosynapsis vivipara'' (Dalzell) C.E.C.Fisch. – southern India References {{Taxonbar, from=Q8245996 Commelinaceae Commelinales genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanotis
Cyanotis (syn. ''Tonningia'') is a genus of mainly perennial plants in the family Commelinaceae, first described in 1825. It is native to Africa, southern Asia, and northern Australia.Dyer, R. Allen, “The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants”. , 1975Faden, R. (2012). Commelinaceae. Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-244.Arnold T.H., de Wet B.C. (Eds), Plants of Southern Africa: Names & Distribution, MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA No. 62, Pub.National Botanical Institute, South Africa.1993 ; Species * '' Cyanotis adscendens'' Dalzell - India, Sri Lanka * '' Cyanotis ake-assii'' Brenan - Mali, Ivory Coast * '' Cyanotis angusta'' C.B.Clarke - West Africa * '' Cyanotis arachnoidea'' C.B.Clarke - tropical Africa, Indian Subcontinent, southern China, Indochina * '' Cyanotis arcotensis'' R.S.Rao - southern India * ''Cyanotis axillaris'' (L.) D.Don ex Sweet - Indian Subcontinent, southern China, Southeast Asia, Northern Australia * '' Cyanotis beddomei'' (Hook.f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coleotrype
''Coleotrype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family. It is found in Africa and Madagascar. The genus is characterised by its extremely contracted inflorescences with each unit being subtended by a relatively large bract, and the petals that form a short tube at the base in which the stamens are attached to it. Flowers may be either zygomorphic or actinomorphic, and anthers release their pollen either through a pore at the tip or slits down the sides. They are typically encountered in forest understories.Faden, R. (2012). Commelinaceae. Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-244. Analysis of DNA sequences has shown that ''Coleotrype'' is most closely related to the genus ''Amischotolype'', while these two are in turn most closely related to the genus '' Cyanotis'' plus its very close relative '' Belosynapsis''. These four genera form a clade that is found only in the Old World, while all of its immediate ancestors are present only in the N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amischotolype
''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Commelinaceae. It is found in Central Africa and from India through Southeast Asia to New Guinea, with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H. (2012). A taxonomic revision of Amischotolype (Commelinaceae) in Asia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64: 51-131. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek words αμισχος, meaning 'unstalked', and τολυπη, meaning 'tangle'. The genus is characterised by its rather compact inflorescences which are composed on two or more cincinni that pierce through the base of the leaf sheath, and also by its seeds that are embedded in red arils. Flowers are actinomorphic, and anthers release their pollen either through a pore at the tip or slits down the sides. They are typically encountered in forest understories. The closely related genus '' Porandra'', which consists of three Asian species, is considered by Robert Faden, a leading authorit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tripogandra
''Tripogandra'' is a genus of flowering plants in the spiderwort family, Commelinaceae. It is native to the Western Hemisphere from central Mexico and the West Indies south to Argentina.Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994. Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. 6: i–xvi, 1–543. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F. ; Species * '' Tripogandra amplexans'' Handlos - central + southern Mexico * '' Tripogandra amplexicaulis'' (Klotzsch ex C.B.Clarke) Woodson - central + southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica * '' Tripogandra angustifolia'' (B.L.Rob.) Woodson - Mexico, Guatemala * '' Tripogandra brasiliensis'' Handlos - eastern Brazil * '' Tripogandra disgrega'' (Kunth) Woodson - Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador * ''Tripogandra diuretica'' (Mart.) Handlos - Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Paraguay. Uruguay * '' Tripogandra elata'' D.R.Hunt - Goiás, Brasília ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callisia
''Callisia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the spiderwort family, Commelinaceae. Members of the genus are commonly known as roselings. It is native to the Western Hemisphere from the southern United States to Argentina. The generic name is derived from the Greek word κάλλος (''kallos''), meaning "beauty." Some members of ''Callisia'' may cause allergic reactions in pets (especially cats and dogs), characterised by red, itchy skin. Notable culprits are ''C. fragrans'' (inch plant) and ''C. repens'' (turtle vine). Species ''Callisia'' includes the following species: * '' Callisia ciliata'' Kunth – Panama, Colombia * '' Callisia cordifolia'' (Sw.) E.S.Anderson & Woodson – Florida Roseling – Central America, tropical Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Florida, Georgia * '' Callisia filiformis'' (M.Martens & Galeotti) D.R.Hunt – central + southern Mexico, Central America, Lesser Antilles, Venezuela, northeastern Brazil * ''Callisia fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gibasis
''Gibasis'' is a genus of flowering plants within the Commelinaceae family, first described in 1837. It is native to the Western Hemisphere from Texas and the West Indies south to Argentina, with most of the species native to Mexico. It is closely related to the genus ''Tradescantia'' and some of the species used to be classified as tradescantias in the past, for instance ''Gibasis geniculata'' as ''Tradescantia geniculata''. Species The genus contains the following species: * '' Gibasis chihuahuensis'' (Standl.) Rohweder – Chihuahua, Durango, Michoacán * '' Gibasis consobrina'' D.R.Hunt – Oaxaca, Veracruz * ''Gibasis geniculata'' (Jacq.) Rohweder – from Durango + San Luis Potosí south to Argentina; Wilson County in south-central Texas * ''Gibasis gypsophila'' B.L.Turner – Nuevo León * ''Gibasis hintoniorum'' B.L.Turner – Nuevo León * ''Gibasis karwinskyana'' (Schult. & Schult.f.) Rohweder – Nuevo León, Tamaulipas * ''Gibasis linearis'' (Benth.) Rohweder – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tradescantia
''Tradescantia'' () is a genus of 85 species of herbaceous perennial wildflowers in the family Commelinaceae, native to the Americas from southern Canada to northern Argentina, including the West Indies. Members of the genus are known by many common names, including inchplant, wandering jew, spiderwort, and dayflower. ''Tradescantia'' grow , and are commonly found individually or in clumps in wooded areas and open fields. They were introduced into Europe as ornamental plants in the 17th century and are now grown in many parts of the world. Some species have become naturalized in regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, and on some oceanic islands. The genus's many species are of interest to cytogenetics because of evolutionary changes in the structure and number of their chromosomes. They have also been used as bioindicators for the detection of environmental mutagens. Some species have become pests to cultivated crops and considered invasive. Description ''Tradescantia' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
