''Amischotolype'' is a genus of perennial

monocotyledonous Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

Commelinaceae Commelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with about 731 kno ...

. It is found in

Central Africa Central Africa is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions. Angola, Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo ...

and from

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

through

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

,Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> with the great majority or species found in Asia.Duistermaat, H. (2012). A taxonomic revision of Amischotolype (Commelinaceae) in Asia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64: 51-131. The name is derived from the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

words αμισχος, meaning 'unstalked', and τολυπη, meaning 'tangle'. The genus is characterised by its rather compact

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphology (biology), Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of sperma ...

s which are composed on two or more cincinni that pierce through the base of the leaf sheath, and also by its seeds that are embedded in red arils. Flowers are

actinomorphic Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirall ...

, and anthers release their pollen either through a pore at the tip or slits down the sides. They are typically encountered in forest understories. The closely related genus '' Porandra'', which consists of three Asian species, is considered by Robert Faden, a leading authority on the family, to be "doubtfully distinct" from ''Amischotolype''. Analysis of DNA sequences has shown that ''Amischotolype'' is most closely related to the genus '' Coleotrype'', while these two are in turn most closely related to the genus '' Cyanotis'' plus its very close relative '' Belosynapsis''. These four genera form a clade that is found only in the Old World, while all of its immediate ancestors are present only in the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. ...

. ; Species * '' Amischotolype barbarossa'' Duist. - Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra * '' Amischotolype divaricata'' Duist. - Indochina, Sumatra * '' Amischotolype dolichandra'' Duist. - Assam * '' Amischotolype glabrata'' Hassk. - Himalayas, southern China, Tibet, Indochina, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, western Indonesia * '' Amischotolype gracilis'' (Ridl.) I.M.Turner - Borneo, Malaya, Sumatra * '' Amischotolype griffithii'' (C.B.Clarke) I.M.Turner - Malaya, Riau Islands * '' Amischotolype hirsuta'' (Hallier f.) Duist. - Borneo, Sumatra * '' Amischotolype hispida'' (A.Rich.) D.Y.Hong - Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines, Maluku, New Guinea * '' Amischotolype hookeri'' (Hassk.) H.Hara - Nepal, Bangladesh, Assam, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh * '' Amischotolype irritans'' (Ridl.) I.M.Turner - Thailand, Sumatra, Malaya * '' Amischotolype laxiflora'' (Merr.) Faden - Borneo, Sulawesi * '' Amischotolype leiocarpa'' (Hallier f.) Duist. - Borneo * '' Amischotolype lobata'' Duist. - Borneo * '' Amischotolype marginata'' (Blume) Hassk - Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines * '' Amischotolype mollissima'' (Blume) Hassk - Java, Sumatra * '' Amischotolype monosperma'' (C.B.Clarke) I.M.Turner - Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo * '' Amischotolype parvifructa'' Duist. - Cameron Highlands of Malaysia * '' Amischotolype pedicellata'' Duist. - Borneo * '' Amischotolype rostrata'' (Hassk.) Duist. - Java, Sumatra, Maluku * '' Amischotolype sphagnorrhiza'' Cowley - Brunei, Sarawak * '' Amischotolype strigosa'' Duist. - Sumatra * '' Amischotolype tenuis'' (C.B.Clarke) R.S.Rao - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, Zaire * '' Amischotolype welzeniana'' Duist. - Myanmar, Thailand

References

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q4746802 Commelinaceae Commelinales genera