|
Chlamydiales
The bacterial order Chlamydiales includes only obligately intracellular bacteria that have a chlamydia-like developmental cycle of replication and at least 80% 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA gene sequence identity with other members of Chlamydiales. Chlamydiales live in animals, insects, and protozoa. Currently, the order Chlamydiales includes the families Chlamydiaceae, Simkaniaceae, and Waddliaceae, which have Gram-negative extracellular infectious bodies (EBs), and Parachlamydiaceae, which has variable Gram staining of EBs. The family Rhabdochlamydiaceae has been proposed. Phylogeny Taxonomy The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) * Family " Actinochlamydiaceae" Steigen et al. 2013 ** ?"''Ca.'' Actinochlamydia" Steigen et al. 2013 * Family " Clavichlamydiaceae" Horn 2011 ** "''Ca.'' Clavichlamydia" corrig. Karlsen et al. 2008 * Family " Criblamydiaceae" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlamydia (genus)
''Chlamydia'' is a genus of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites. ''Chlamydia'' infections are the most common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in humans and are the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Species include ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' (a human pathogen), '' Ch. suis'' (affects only swine), and '' Ch. muridarum'' (affects only mice and hamsters). Humans mainly contract '' Ch. trachomatis'', '' Ch. pneumoniae'', ''Ch. abortus'', and '' Ch. psittaci''. Classification Because of ''Chlamydia''s unique developmental cycle, it was taxonomically classified in a separate order. ''Chlamydia'' is part of the order Chlamydiales, family Chlamydiaceae. In the early 1990s six species of ''Chlamydia'' were known. A major re-description of the Chlamydiales order in 1999, using the then new techniques of DNA analysis, split three of the species from the genus ''Chlamydia'' and reclassified them in the then newly created genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlamydophila
''Chlamydophila'' is a controversial bacterial genus belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae. Taxonomy All Chlamydiota are anaerobic bacteria with a biphasic developmental lifecycle that depends on obligately intracellular growth in eukaryotic host cells. ''Chlamydophila'' was recognized by a number of scientists in 1999, with six species in ''Chlamydophila'' and three in the original genus, ''Chlamydia''. This was immediately seen as controversial. In 2015 the ''Chlamydophila'' species were reclassified as ''Chlamydia''. The history of the classification and reclassification is as follows. Earlier criteria for differentiation of chlamydial species did not always work well. For example, at that time genus ''C. psittaci'' was distinguished from '' C. trachomatis'' by sulfadiazine resistance, although not all strains identified as ''C. psittaci'' at the time were resistant, and '' C. pneumoniae'' was classified by its appearance under electron microscopy (EM) and its ability t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdochlamydia
''Candidatus'' Rhabdochlamydia is a genus of intracellular bacteria and the sole genus in the family ''Candidatus'' Rhabdochlamydiaceae. As a ''Candidatus'' taxon, no-one has yet managed to culture them ''in vitro'' for deposition in a culture collection. Two ''Rhabdochlamydia'' species have been characterized and validly proposed. Their ribosomal RNA genes are 96.3% identical. These gene sequences are 82%–87% identical to those of most Chlamydiales. These data and analysis of ''Rhabdochlamydia'' morphology indicates that these species belong to the bacterial order Chlamydiales. Species The genus consists of the following two valid species: * ''Candidatus'' Rhabdochlamydia crassificans Kostanjšek et al. 2004 – detected in the cockroach ''Blatta orientalis'' * ''Candidatus'' Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis Corsaro et al. 2006 – detected in hepatopancreas of the woodlouse ''Porcellio scaber'' See also * List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parachlamydiaceae
Parachlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales. Species in this family have a ''Chlamydia''–like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae. The Parachlamydiaceae naturally infect amoebae and can be grown in cultured Vero cells. The Parachlamydiaceae are not recognized by monoclonal antibodies that detect Chlamydiaceae lipopolysaccharide. Phylogeny The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Unassigned species: * "''Ca.'' Mesochlamydia elodeae" Corsaro et al. 2012 * "''Ca.'' Metachlamydia lacustris" Corsaro et al. 2010 Isolated Endosymbionts include: *Hall's coccus *P9 *UV-7 *endosymbiont of ''Acanthamoeba'' sp. TUME1 *endosymbiont of ''Acanthamoeba'' sp. UWC22 *endosymbiont of ''Acanthamoeba'' sp. UWE1 Uncultured lineages include: *''Neochlamydia'' turtle t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdochlamydiaceae
''Candidatus'' Rhabdochlamydia is a genus of intracellular bacteria and the sole genus in the family ''Candidatus'' Rhabdochlamydiaceae. As a ''Candidatus'' taxon, no-one has yet managed to culture them ''in vitro'' for deposition in a culture collection. Two ''Rhabdochlamydia'' species have been characterized and validly proposed. Their ribosomal RNA genes are 96.3% identical. These gene sequences are 82%–87% identical to those of most Chlamydiales. These data and analysis of ''Rhabdochlamydia'' morphology indicates that these species belong to the bacterial order Chlamydiales. Species The genus consists of the following two valid species: * ''Candidatus'' Rhabdochlamydia crassificans Kostanjšek et al. 2004 – detected in the cockroach ''Blatta orientalis'' * ''Candidatus'' Rhabdochlamydia porcellionis Corsaro et al. 2006 – detected in hepatopancreas of the woodlouse ''Porcellio scaber'' See also * List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simkaniaceae
Simkaniaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales, class Chlamydiia, phylum Chlamydiota, domain Bacteria. Species in this family have a chlamydia-like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae. The Simkaniaceae are not recognized by monoclonal antibodies that are specific for Chlamydiaceae lipopolysaccharide. The family Simkaniaceae currently includes two Genus, genera: ''Simkania'' and ''Fritschea''. The type species is ''Simkania negevensis'', and its natural host is not known. It is readily grown in monolayers of eukaryotic Vero cells. Serological evidence and PCR indicate that ''S. negevensis'' is widespread among humans. Two ''Fritschea'' species have been identified in insects. These are candidatus species because they only grow in insect bacteriocytes and have not been cultured in vitro. Whiteflies are the host of Candidatus ''Fritschea bemisiae'' (strain Falk). Scale insects are the ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlamydiaceae
The Chlamydiaceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the phylum Chlamydiota, order Chlamydiales. Chlamydiaceae species express the family-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope αKdo-(2→8)-αKdo-(2→4)-αKdo (previously called the genus-specific epitope). Chlamydiaceae ribosomal RNA genes all have at least 90% DNA sequence identity. Chlamydiaceae species have varying inclusion morphology, varying extrachromosomal plasmid content, and varying sulfadiazine resistance. The family Chlamydiaceae currently includes one genus and one candidate genus: ''Chlamydia'' and ''candidatus Clavochlamydia''. ''Chlamydia'' Three species belong to ''Chlamydia'': ''C. trachomatis'', ''C. muridarum'', and ''C. suis''. ''C. trachomatis'' has been found only in humans, ''C. muridarum'' in hamsters and mice (family Muridae), and ''C. suis'' in swine. ''Chlamydia'' species produce a small amount of detectable glycogen and have two ribosomal operons. ''Chlamydia trachomat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waddliaceae
''Waddlia'' is a genus of bacteria in its own family, Waddliaceae. Species in this genus have a ''Chlamydia''-like cycle of replication and their ribosomal RNA genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the Chlamydiaceae. The type species is ''Waddlia chondrophila'' strain WSU 86-1044T, which was isolated from the tissues of a first-trimester aborted bovine fetus. Isolated in 1986, this species was originally characterized as a ''Rickettsia''. DNA sequencing of the ribosomal genes corrected the characterization. Another ''W. chondrophila'' strain, 2032/99, was found along with ''Neospora caninum'' in a septic stillborn calf. ''Waddlia chondrophila'' may be linked to miscarriages in pregnant women. A study found ''Waddlia chondrophila'' present in the placenta and vagina of 32 women, 10 of which who had miscarriages. It is hypothesized that the bacterial grows in placental cells, damaging the placenta. The species ''Waddlia malaysiensis'' G817 has been proposed. ''W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parachlamydia
''Parachlamydia'', is a genus of bacteriae belonging to the Chlamydiota. Species include '' P. acanthamoeba''. See also * List of bacterial orders * List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). However many taxonomic names are ... References Chlamydiota Bacteria genera {{bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |