Parachlamydiaceae is a family of

bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometr ...

in the order Chlamydiales. Species in this family have a ''

Chlamydia Chlamydia, or more specifically a chlamydia infection, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium '' Chlamydia trachomatis''. Most people who are infected have no symptoms. When symptoms do appear they may occur only several we ...

''–like cycle of replication and their

ribosomal RNA Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosom ...

genes are 80–90% identical to ribosomal genes in the

Chlamydiaceae The Chlamydiaceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria that belongs to the phylum Chlamydiota, order Chlamydiales. Chlamydiaceae species express the family-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope αKdo-(2→8)-αKdo-(2→4)-αKdo (previously ca ...

. The Parachlamydiaceae naturally infect amoebae and can be grown in cultured

Vero cells Vero may refer to: Geography * Vero Beach, Florida, a city in the United States * Vero, Corse-du-Sud, a commune of France in Corsica Other * ''Véro'', a talk show on the Radio-Canada television network * Vero (app), a social media company co-found ...

. The Parachlamydiaceae are not recognized by monoclonal antibodies that detect Chlamydiaceae

lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide that are bacterial toxins. They are composed of an O-antigen, an outer core, and an inner core all joined by a covalent bond, and are found in the outer ...

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the nomenclature, naming and Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the In ...

(LPSN) and

National Center for Biotechnology Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The ...

(NCBI) Unassigned species: * "''Ca.'' Mesochlamydia elodeae" Corsaro et al. 2012 * "''Ca.'' Metachlamydia lacustris" Corsaro et al. 2010 Isolated Endosymbionts include: *Hall's coccus *P9 *UV-7 *endosymbiont of ''Acanthamoeba'' sp. TUME1 *endosymbiont of ''Acanthamoeba'' sp. UWC22 *endosymbiont of ''Acanthamoeba'' sp. UWE1 Uncultured lineages include: *''Neochlamydia'' turtle type 1 *environmental ''Neochlamydia'' *corvenA4 *cvC15 *cvC7 *cvE5 ''Parachlamydia acanthamoebae'' has variable

Gram staining In microbiology and bacteriology, Gram stain (Gram staining or Gram's method), is a method of staining used to classify bacterial species into two large groups: gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. The name comes from the Danish bac ...

characteristics and is

mesophilic A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, with an optimum growth range from . The optimum growth temperature for these organisms is 37°C. The term is mainly applied to microorganisms. Organi ...

Trophozoites A trophozoite (G. ''trope'', nourishment + ''zoon'', animal) is the activated, feeding stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa such as malaria-causing '' Plasmodium falciparum'' and those of the '' Giardia'' group. (The complement of the tropho ...

of ''

Acanthamoeba ''Acanthamoeba'' is a genus of amoebae that are commonly recovered from soil, fresh water, and other habitats. ''Acanthamoeba'' has two evolutive forms, the metabolically active trophozoite and a dormant, stress-resistant cyst. Trophozoites are ...

'' hosting these strains were isolated from asymptomatic women in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

and also in an outbreak of humidifier fever (‘Hall’s coccus’) in

Vermont Vermont () is a state in the northeast New England region of the United States. Vermont is bordered by the states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, and New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to ...

USA. Four patients from

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...

whose sera recognized Hall's coccus did not show serological cross-reaction with antigens from the Chlamydiaceae.

Notes

''Metachlamydia lacustris'' and ''Protochlamydia'' species were found at the

(NCBI) but have no standing with the

Bacteriological Code The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC) governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea.P. H. A. Sneath, 2003. A short histor ...

(1990 and subsequent Revision) as detailed by

(LPSN) as a result of the following reasons:
• No pure culture isolated or available for prokaryotes.
• Not validly published because the effective publication only documents deposit of the type strain in a single recognized culture collection.
• Not approved and published by the

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology The ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the field of microbial systematics that was established in 1951. Its scope covers the taxonomy, nomenclature, ...

or the

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology The ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in the field of microbial systematics that was established in 1951. Its scope covers the taxonomy, nomenclature, iden ...

(IJSB/IJSEM).

References

Chlamydiota {{bacteria-stub

Phylogeny

Notes

See also

References