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Chiefdom Of Chuchen
Chiefdom of Chuchen (), also known as Rabden or the Chiefdom of Greater Jinchuan (), was an autonomous Gyalrong Tusi chiefdom that ruled Greater Jinchuan (present day Jinchuan County, Sichuan) during the Qing dynasty. The rulers of Chuchen used the royal title Namkha Gyalpo (). Chieftains of Chuchen had family relationship with chieftains of Tsanlha (Lesser Jinchuan). The first Chuchen chieftain was Slob Dpon, he was appointed by the Qing dynasty in 1723. Slob Dpon married a daughter to Tsewang, the chieftain of Tsanlha. Tsewang was cowardly. Slob Dpon deposed Tsewang and annexed Tsanlha in 1746; then, he invaded neighbouring chiefdoms. In 1747, the Qing dynasty launched the First Jinchuan campaign. Slob Dpon had to abdicated to his son Lang Kashi. The Second Jinchuan campaign broke out in 1771. Two years later, chief Sonom Sonom (died circa June 13–14, 1776) was a chieftain of the rGyalrong people in China. He was the lord-lama of Greater Jinchuan.Theobald, Ulrich. ''Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinchuan County
Jinchuan County (; ) is a county in the northwest of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The seat of county is Jinchuan Town (Rabden). The county spans an area of 5,524 square kilometers, and has a population of about 73,000 as of 2019. Administrative divisions The county is divided into 3 towns and 19 townships. These township-level divisions are further divided into 112 village-level divisions. Towns The county's 3 towns are as follows: * * * Townships The county's 19 townships are as follows: * * Qingning Township * * * Hedong Township * * * * * * * * * * * * * * History Prior to the 18th century, Greater Jinchuan was ruled by the Gyalrong Tibetan Chiefdom of Chuchen. In 1700, the kingdom of Trokyap submitted to the Qing rule. From 1747 to 1776, the Qing dynasty launched the Jinchuan campaigns to suppress the Jinchuan chiefdoms. The county briefly belonged to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tusi
''Tusi'', often translated as "headmen" or "chieftains", were hereditary tribal leaders recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties of China, and the Later Lê and Nguyễn dynasties of Vietnam. They ruled certain ethnic minorities in southwest China and the Indochinese peninsula nominally on behalf of the central government. This arrangement is known as the ''Tusi System'' or the ''Native Chieftain System'' (). It should not to be confused with the Chinese tributary system or the Jimi system. ''Tusi'' were located primarily in Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Sichuan, Chongqing, the Xiangxi Prefecture of Hunan, and the Enshi Prefecture of Hubei. ''Tusi'' also existed in the historical dependencies of China in what is today northern Myanmar, Laos, and northern Thailand. Vietnam also implemented a ''Tusi'' system under the Later Lê and Nguyễn dynasties. In 2015, UNESCO designated three ''Tusi'' castles (Laosicheng, Tangya, and Hailongtun) as part of the "T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kham
Kham (; ) is one of the three traditional Tibetan regions, the others being Amdo in the northeast, and Ü-Tsang in central Tibet. The original residents of Kham are called Khampas (), and were governed locally by chieftains and monasteries. Kham presently covers a land area distributed between five regions in China, most of it in Tibet Autonomous Region and Sichuan, with smaller portions located within Qinghai, Gansu and Yunnan provinces. Densely forested with grass plains, its convergence of six valleys and four rivers supported independent Kham polities of Tibetan warrior kingdoms together with Tibetan Buddhist monastic centers.Jann Ronis"An Overview of Kham (Eastern Tibet) Historical Polities" The University of Virginia The early trading route between Central Tibet and China traveled through Kham, and Kham is said to be the inspiration for Shangri-La in James Hilton's novel. Settled as Tibet's eastern frontier in the 7th century, King Songtsen Gampo built temples along its ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Sichuan
Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north and the Yungui Plateau to the south. Sichuan's capital city is Chengdu. The population of Sichuan stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors Qinghai to the northwest, Gansu to the north, Shaanxi to the northeast, Chongqing to the east, Guizhou to the southeast, Yunnan to the south, and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west. In antiquity, Sichuan was the home of the ancient states of Ba and Shu. Their conquest by Qin strengthened it and paved the way for Qin Shi Huang's unification of China under the Qin dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms era, Liu Bei's state of Shu was based in Sichuan. The area was deva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinchuan Campaigns
The Jinchuan campaigns (), also known as the Suppression of the Jinchuan Hill Peoples (Chinese: 平定兩金川), were two wars between Qing Empire and the rebel forces of Gyalrong chieftains ("Tusi") from the Jinchuan region. The first campaign against Chiefdom of Chuchen (Da Jinchuan or Greater Jinchuan in Chinese) happened in 1747 when the Tusi of Greater Jinchuan Slob Dpon attacked the Chiefdom of Chakla (Mingzheng). The Qianlong Emperor decided to mobilize forces and suppress Slob Dpon, who surrendered to the central government in 1749. The second campaign against Chiefdom of Tsanlha (Xiao Jinchuan or Lesser Jinchuan) took place in 1771, when the Jinchuan Tusi Sonom killed Gebushiza Tusi of Ngawa County in Sichuan Province. After Sonom killed Gebushiza Tusi, he helped Tusi of Lesser Jinchuan, Senge Sang, to occupy the lands belonging to the other Tusi in the region. The provincial government ordered Sonom to return lands and accept the trial at the Ministry of Justice immed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiefdom Of Tsanlha
Chiefdom of Tsanlha (; ), also known as Chiefdom of Lesser Jinchuan (), was an autonomous Gyalrong people, Gyalrong Tusi, chiefdom that ruled Lesser Jinchuan (present day Xiaojin County, Sichuan) during Qing dynasty. The rulers of Tsanlha used the royal title Tsanlha Gyalpo (). The chieftains of Tsanla were descendants of a Bon lama. He established the chiefdom in the end of the Ming dynasty. By the time of the Ming-Qing transition, he swore allegiance to Qing emperor, and was appointed Native Chieftain (''Tusi''). Later, Tsanla came into conflict with Chiefdom of Chuchen (Greater Jinchuan). After Jinchuan campaigns, it was annexed by the Qing dynasty. References {{reflist Tusi History of Sichuan Kham States and territories established in 1650 States and territories disestablished in 1776 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sichuan
Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north and the Yungui Plateau to the south. Sichuan's capital city is Chengdu. The population of Sichuan stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors Qinghai to the northwest, Gansu to the north, Shaanxi to the northeast, Chongqing to the east, Guizhou to the southeast, Yunnan to the south, and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west. In antiquity, Sichuan was the home of the ancient states of Ba and Shu. Their conquest by Qin strengthened it and paved the way for Qin Shi Huang's unification of China under the Qin dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms era, Liu Bei's state of Shu was based in Sichuan. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyalrong People
Gyalrong people (Tibetan: རྒྱལ་རོང, Chinese:嘉绒), also called Jiarong, rGyalrong, are speakers of the Qiangic Gyalrong language who live in the southern part of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China. They are also found in Danba County of Garze Prefecture. The word Gyalrong is an exo-ethnonym and loanword from the Tibetan word ''rGyal-mo tsha-wa rong''.Prins, Marielle. 2011. A web of relations: A grammar of rGyalrong Ji omùzú, p. 18. The Gyalrong refer to themselves as Keru. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Gyalrong were ruled by local Tusi (土司). In 1746, Slob Dpon, the Tusi of Greater Jinchuan, was trying to unite tribes in Sichuan, forcing the Qing dynasty to launch campaigns to suppress them. After 1950, the People's Republic of China classified them as a sub-group of the Tibetan people. Famous Gyalrong *Sanggyai Yexe, communist official. *Sonom Gyalrong kingdoms *Kingdom of Chakla (Dartsedo) *Kingdom of Trokyap (Chu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RGyalrong Languages
Gyalrong or rGyalrong (), also rendered Jiarong (), or sometimes Gyarung, is a subbranch of the Gyalrongic languages spoken by the Gyalrong people in Western Sichuan, China. Lai et al. (2020) refer to this group of languages as East Gyalrongic. Name The name ''Gyalrong'' is an abbreviation of Tibetan , ''shar rgyal-mo tsha-ba rong'' , "the hot valleys of the queen", to which the queen being Mount Murdo (in Tibetan, ''dmu-rdo'').Prins, Marielle. 2011. A web of relations: A grammar of rGyalrong Ji omùzú, p. 18. Mount Murdo is in the historical region of Kham, now mostly located inside Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan. This Tibetan word is transcribed in Chinese as 嘉绒 or 嘉戎 or 嘉荣, ''jiāróng''. It is pronounced by speakers of Situ. It is a place-name and is not used by the people to designate their own language. The autonym is pronounced in Situ and in Japhug. The Gyalrong people are the descendents of former Tibetan warriorsat the border, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonom
Sonom (died circa June 13–14, 1776) was a chieftain of the rGyalrong people in China. He was the lord-lama of Greater Jinchuan.Theobald, Ulrich. ''War Finance and Logistics in Late Imperial China: A Study of the Second Jinchuan Campaign (1771–1776)'' (Monies, Markets, and Finance in East Asia, 1600-1900). BRILL, July 11, 2013. , 9789004255678. p20 He was executed after his January 1776 defeat in the Jinchuan campaigns. Family Sonom was the fourth son of Langkya , who was the previous ruler of Greater Jinchuan. Sonom's mother was Atsang ,Theobald,The Second Jinchuan Campaign" p. 60 (PDF 70/458). "Senggesang was supported by two of his relatives in Greater Jinchuan, Sonom 索諾木 and Langyka, who both wrote official reports to the imperial court to defend their aggressions." and "Langkya in Greater Jinchuan died from a disease, allegedly likewise caused by an evil spell mantra cast by the king of Gebshidza. His heir was his fourth son Sonom, aged 19 ''sui'',132 and therefore a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
