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Chiang Saen (other)
Chiang Saen ( th, เชียงแสน) is an old city in Northern Thailand. Chiang Saen is the capital of the Chiang Saen district, which lies in the north of the Chiang Rai province. Geography Chiang Saen is located in the northernmost tip of Thailand. The provincial capital, Chiang Rai, lies about 60 kilometers to the south-west. In the vast plain of the lower Maenam Kok (Kok River), Chiang Saen lies on the west bank of the Mekong River, the opposite bank is in Laos. About five kilometers further south of today's city, the Maenam Kok flows into the Mekong. History The area around Chiang Saen has been inhabited since prehistoric times, as evidenced by finds on display at the Chiang Saen National Museum. Chronicles describe an ancient royal city, Ngoenyang, which was probably the first major city in the area. It was on one of the trade routes that led from northern Thailand all the way to Yunnan. The chronicles go on to say that the ruler of this city made an allianc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the extremity of Myanmar. Thailand also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast, and Indonesia and India to the southwest. Bangkok is the nation's capital and largest city. Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na and Ayutthaya, which also rivalled each other. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, autonomous regions of Guangxi, and Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet as well as Southeast Asian countries: Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014. Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the northwest and low elevations in the southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys by as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of Vascular plant, higher plants in China, Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawila
Kawila ( th, กาวิละ, , nod, , 31 October 17421816), also known as Phra Boromrachathibodi ( th, พระบรมราชาธิบดี), was the Northern Thai ruler of Chiangmai Kingdom and the founder of Chetton Dynasty. Originating from Lampang, Kawila arose to become the ruler of Chiangmai appointed by King Rama I as a tributary ruler. Kawila had a great role in the transfer of Lanna (modern Northern Thailand) from Burmese rule to Siamese domination and the rebuilding of Chiangmai as the center of Lanna. Biography Early life In the early eighteenth century when the influence of the Burmese Toungoo dynasty waned, Lanna exerted its independence but fragmented into several city-states. The ruler of Lamphun had taken control over the city of Lampang. The inhabitants of Lampang were dissatisfied with the rule of Lamphun and chose an animal hunter named Nan Thipchang ( th, หนานทิพย์ช้าง) or simply Thipchang to lead the Lampang force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rama I
Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok Maharaj (, 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), personal name Thongduang (), also known as Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom and the first monarch of the reigning Chakri dynasty of Siam (now Thailand). His full title in Thai is ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Mahachakkriborommanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok'' (). He ascended the throne in 1782, following the deposition of King Taksin of Thonburi. He was also celebrated as the founder of Rattanakosin (now Bangkok) as the new capital of the reunited kingdom. Rama I was born from a Mon male line descent family, great-grandson of Kosa Pan. His father served in the royal court of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, and had served King Taksin in wars against the Burmese Konbaung dynasty and helped him in the reunification of Siam. During this time he emerged as Siam's most powerful military leader. Thongduang was the first '' Somdet Chao Phraya'', the highest rank the nobility could attain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Thai People
The Northern Thai people or Tai Yuan ( th, ไทยวน, ), self-designation ''khon mu(e)ang'' ( nod, , คนเมือง meaning "people of the (cultivated) land" or "people of our community") are a Tai ethnic group, native to eight provinces in Northern Thailand, principally in the area of the former kingdom of Lan Na. As a Tai group, they are closely related to Tai Lü and Tai Khün with regards to common culture, language and history as well as to Thailand's dominant Thai ethnic group (in contrast referred to as ''Siamese'' or ''Central Thai''). There are approximately 6 million Tai Yuan. Most of them live in Northern Thailand, with a small minority 29,442 (2005 census) living across the border in Bokeo Province and Sainyabuli Province and Luang Namtha Province of Laos. Their language is called Northern Thai, Lanna or ''Kham Mueang''. Exonym and endonym Central Thai may call northern Thai people and their language Thai Yuan, probably derived from Sanskrit ''yav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voyage D'exploration En Indo-Chine - 1885 Francis Garmier 14
Voyage(s) or The Voyage may refer to: Literature *''Voyage : A Novel of 1896'', Sterling Hayden * ''Voyage'' (novel), a 1996 science fiction novel by Stephen Baxter *''The Voyage'', Murray Bail * "The Voyage" (short story), a 1921 story by Katherine Mansfield * "Voyage", a poem by Patti Smith from her 1996 book '' The Coral Sea'' * ''Voyages'' (poem), a 1926 poem by Hart Crane *Le Voyage, 1996 graphic novel, see Edmond Baudoin *Le Voyage, poem by Baudelaire Film and television * ''The Voyage'' (1921 film), an Italian silent drama film * ''The Voyage'' (1974 film), an Italian film * ''Voyage'' (2013 film), a Hong Kong film made mostly in English * ''Voyages'' (film), a 1999 film directed by Emmanuel Finkiel * ''Voyage'' (1993 film), a 1993 American TV film directed by John Mackenzie * Voyage.tv, an American online travel channel * Voyages Television, an international travel marketing channel * Voyage (French TV channel), a television channel in France operated by Path ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chula Sakkarat
Chula Sakarat or Chulasakarat ( pi, Culāsakaraj; my, ကောဇာသက္ကရာဇ်, ; km, ចុល្លសករាជ "''Chulasakarach''"; th, จุลศักราช, , , abbrv. จ.ศ. ''Choso'') is a lunisolar calendar derived from the Burmese calendar, whose variants were in use by most mainland Southeast Asian kingdoms down to the late 19th century. The calendar is largely based on an older version of the Hindu calendar though unlike the Indian systems, it employs a version of the Metonic cycle. The calendar therefore has to reconcile the sidereal years of the Hindu calendar with Metonic cycle's tropical years by adding intercalary months and intercalary days on irregular intervals. Although the name ''Culāsakaraj'' is a generic term meaning "Lesser Era" in Pali, the term ''Chula Sakarat'' is often associated with the various versions of the calendar used in regions that make up modern-day Thailand. The calendar is used in Myanmar and the Sipsong Panna ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thai Units Of Measurement
Thailand adopted the metric system on 17 December 1923.Minutes of the 7th General Conference on Weights and Measures 1927, page 69 However, old Thai units are still in common use, especially for measurements of land. Before metrication, the traditional system of measurement used in Thailand employed anthropic units. Some of these units are still in use, albeit standardised to SI/metric measurements. When the Royal Thai Survey Department began cadastral survey in 1896, Director R. W. Giblin, F.R.G.S., noted, "It so happens that 40 metres or 4,000 centimetres are equal to one ''sen''," so all cadastral plans are plotted, drawn, and printed to a scale of 1:4,000. The square ''wa'', ''ngan'' and ''rai'' are still used in mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lan Na
The Lan Na Kingdom ( nod, , , "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; th, อาณาจักรล้านนา, , ), also known as Lannathai, and most commonly called Lanna or Lanna Kingdom, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries. The cultural development of the Northern Thai people had begun long before as successive kingdoms preceded Lan Na. As a continuation of the kingdom of Ngoenyang, Lan Na emerged strong enough in the 15th century to rival the Ayutthaya Kingdom, with whom wars were fought. However, the Lan Na Kingdom was weakened and became a tributary state of the Taungoo Dynasty in 1558. Lan Na was ruled by successive vassal kings, though some enjoyed autonomy. The Burmese rule gradually withdrew but then resumed as the new Konbaung Dynasty expanded its influence. In 1775, Lan Na chiefs left the Burmese control to join Siam, leading to the Burmese–Siamese War (1775–76). Following the retreat of the Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangrai
Mangrai ( nod, ; th, มังราย; 1238–1311), also known as Mengrai ( th, เม็งราย),The name according to historical sources is "Mangrai", and this is used in most modern scholarly applications. "Mengrai", popularised by a 1907 publication, is commonly found in popular usage. was the 25th king of Ngoenyang (r. 1261–1292) and the first king of Lanna (r. 1292–1311). He established a new city, Chiang Mai, as the capital of the Lanna Kingdom (1296–1558).Wyatt, D. K. Thailand, A Short History, p. 35–38, Bangkok 2003 Early years King Mangrai was born on October 23, 1238 in Ngoen Yang (present day Chiang Saen) Thailand on the Mekong River, a son of the local ruler Lao Meng and his wife Ua Ming Chom Mueang, a princess from the Tai Lue city of Chiang Rung, which is now called Jinghong, in Sipsongpanna (Xishuangbanna), China. In 1259, Mangrai succeeded his father to become the first independent king of the unified Tai city states in northern Lanna and what is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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