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Cheukshin
Cheuksin (Hangul: 측신, Hanja: 廁神) is the toilet goddess of Korean mythology. Unlike better-known household deities such as Jowangshin, god of the hearth, her worship forms a minor part of the Gasin cult. She is believed to reside in the outhouse. Mythology Worship Cheukshin was believed to appear as a young virgin with hair. The goddess, infuriated at her exile to the outhouse by the supreme deity Cheonjiwang and kitchen goddess Jowangshin, was said to spend time counting her hairs. The goddess was believed to appear in the three days containing the number six; Koreans avoided the outhouse in these three days in order not to accidentally provoke her rage. Thus, Koreans held ''jesas'', or rituals, to her in the sixth, sixteenth, and twenty-sixth days in the lunar calendar, or when a shoe or a child fell in the pit toilet. ''Jesas'' were also done for her when a pig contracted disease and died, when a prophecy warned of the anger of the goddess, or when the outhouse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dongti
Dongti (Hangul: 동티), also known as Dongto (Hangul: 동토, Hanja: 動土) or Shinbeol (Hangul: 신벌, Hanja: 神罰, literally ''Punishment of the Gods'') is the term for Divine punishment in Korean mythology. Causes Dongti are said to be caused by shamanistic deities, including village patrons. For example, in one myth, a man used Jangseung, or totem poles, for fuel, foolishly believing that the Jangseung would not avenge him. Because the man received the rage of the Jangseung, or Dongti, he quickly died from an assortment of deadly diseases. Similar myths tell of how people who toppled the village altars, the Seonangdang, suddenly fell sick and died due to Dongti caused by the village patrons, the Seonangshin. There are also myths about the holy trees, the Shinmok or Dangsu Namu, causing fatal disease. The Gashin, or household deities, can also cause Dongti. When the objects the Gashin embody (such as the Seongju Hangari of the Seongjushin, Cheollyung Hangari of the Che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toilet God
A toilet god is a deity associated with latrines and toilets. Belief in toilet gods – a type of household deity – has been known from both modern and ancient cultures, ranging from Japan to ancient Rome. Such deities have been associated with health, well-being and fertility (because of the association between human waste and agriculture) and have been propitiated in a wide variety of ways, including making offerings, invoking and appeasing them through prayers, meditating and carrying out ritual actions such as clearing one's throat before entering or even biting the latrine to transfer spiritual forces back to the god. Modern cultures In Japan, belief in the toilet god or ''kawaya kami'', most often depicted in the form of ''Ususama-myō-ō'' (烏枢沙摩明王), served a dual purpose. Most bodily wastes were collected and used as fertilizers, ensuring a higher overall level of sanitation than in other countries where wastes were stored in cesspits or otherwise disposed of. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toilet God
A toilet god is a deity associated with latrines and toilets. Belief in toilet gods – a type of household deity – has been known from both modern and ancient cultures, ranging from Japan to ancient Rome. Such deities have been associated with health, well-being and fertility (because of the association between human waste and agriculture) and have been propitiated in a wide variety of ways, including making offerings, invoking and appeasing them through prayers, meditating and carrying out ritual actions such as clearing one's throat before entering or even biting the latrine to transfer spiritual forces back to the god. Modern cultures In Japan, belief in the toilet god or ''kawaya kami'', most often depicted in the form of ''Ususama-myō-ō'' (烏枢沙摩明王), served a dual purpose. Most bodily wastes were collected and used as fertilizers, ensuring a higher overall level of sanitation than in other countries where wastes were stored in cesspits or otherwise disposed of. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hangul
The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, . Hangul may also be written as following South Korea's standard Romanization. ( ) in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern official writing system for the Korean language. The letters for the five basic consonants reflect the shape of the speech organs used to pronounce them, and they are systematically modified to indicate phonetic features; similarly, the vowel letters are systematically modified for related sounds, making Hangul a featural writing system. It has been described as a syllabic alphabet as it combines the features of alphabetic and syllabic writing systems, although it is not necessarily an abugida. Hangul was created in 1443 CE by King Sejong the Great in an attempt to increase literacy by serving as a complement (or alternative) to the logographic Sino-Korean ''Hanja'', which had been used by Koreans as its primary script to write the Korean language since as early as the Gojoseon period (spanni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasin Faith
In Korean shamanism, Gasin (, literally ''House's God'') are a branch of deities believed to protect the various objects and rooms of the house, such as jangdok or the kitchen. The Gasin faith is the faith based on worshipping these deities. The worshipping of the Gasin form a central and integral part of the traditional Korean folk religion. Joryeong faith The faith of Joryeong is the deification of one's ancestors. The earliest mentions of the faith is in the ''Samguk Sagi'', a Medieval Korean history book, which mentions the 'golden chest' of Kim Alji, the first member of the Gyeongju Kim clan. This bears resemblance to modern ancestor worship. In the modern Honam region in southwest Korea, Koreans keep a large pot in the house, filled with rice. This is called the ''Jeseok Ogari'', and holds rice. The Jeseok Ogari is accompanied with ''Mom Ogari'', which are smaller potteries. The name of the ancestor or rice is put in the Mom Ogari. In the Yeongnam region, Jeseok Ogari a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outhouse
An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a toilet. This is typically either a pit latrine or a bucket toilet, but other forms of dry toilet, dry (non-flushing) toilets may be encountered. The term may also be used to denote the toilet itself, not just the structure. Outhouses were in use in cities of Developed country, developed countries (e.g. Australia) well into the second half of the twentieth century. They are still common in rural areas and also in cities of developing countries. Outhouses that are covering pit latrines in densely populated areas can cause groundwater pollution. Increasingly, "outhouse" is used for a structure outside the main living property that is more permanent in build quality than a shed. In some localities and varieties of English, particularly outside North America, the term "outhouse" refers ''not'' to a toilet, but to outbuildings in a general sense: sheds, barns, workshops, etc. Design aspects Common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teojushin
Teojushin (Hangul: 터주신, Hanja: 터主神) is the patron of the ground on which the house is built in the Gashin cult of Korea. She is also known as Jishin, or 'earth goddess'. In Honam, there is no entity that resembles Teojushin. However, there is a deity called Cheollyungshin, the patron of Jangdok, or sauce containers. Compared with the worship of other Gashin, such as Jowangshin or Seongjushin, Teojushin is less known; still, she remains an important deity in Korean mythology. Worship Teojushin was believed to embody a pot holding rice, peas, or red beans. The pot was then buried or just placed on the corners of the backyard or the jangdokdae, an open area holding jangdok. The pot was covered with a cone-shaped umbrella woven of rice stalks. The grains within the pot was replaced every year, and the family made tteok, or rice cakes, out of them. The rice cakes were never shared; this is because the tteoks represented luck, and because of the belief that Teojushin was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pig Toilet
A pig toilet (sometimes called a "pig sty latrine") is a simple type of dry toilet consisting of an outhouse mounted over a pigsty, with a chute or hole connecting the two. The pigs consume the feces of the users of the toilet, as well as other food. History Pig toilets ( ''zhūquānmáokēng'') were once common in rural China, where a single Chinese ideogram () signifies both "pigsty" and "privy". Funerary models of pig toilets from the Han dynasty (206 BC to AD 220) prove that it was an ancient custom. These arrangements have been strongly discouraged by the Chinese authorities in recent years, although as late as 2005 they could still be found in remote northern provinces. Chinese influence may have spread the use of pig toilets to Okinawa (Okinawan: ふーる (''fūru'') / 風呂) before World War II, and also to the Manchu people during the Qing Dynasty period. Pig toilets were also used in parts of India such as Goa. A 2003 survey of sanitary arrangements in Goa and Kerala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gwishin
Gwisin ( ko, 귀신) are a type of spirit or ghost in Korean folklore. They are considered similar to a ''Yogoe'' ( ko, 요괴);, and ''Mamul'' ( ko, 마물); they are people who have died, not monsters or creatures such as Dokkaebi. According to the folklore, Gwisin may be found in many places. It is claimed that when an individual dies but still has ties to the world of the living, such as in the case of revenge or caring for a loved one, their spirit remains on earth to complete the task before going on to the underworld. Legends There are a lot of legends about Gwisin. Because they are a common form of ghost, children often make them up to scare others or parents tell stories to their children to teach them a lesson. Most legends are about revenge, revenge for their families or about men who cheated on their wives, or murdered the victim. Appearances of Gwisin often occur in high schools, a concept popularized with the release of ''Whispering Corridors'', a Korean horro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munjeon Bonpuli
The ''Munjeon Bonpuri'' ( ko, 문전본풀이), meaning 'Annals of the Door', 'Book of the Door', 'Narration of the Door' or 'Explanation of the Door', is a myth of Jeju Island regarding Gasin, or deities that are believed to reside within the house. It is one of the better-known myths of the Korean Peninsula. Plot In the village of Namseon in the kingdom of Junyeon lived Namseonbi and his wife, Yeosan Buin. Yeosan Buin was a very capable wife who raised the money for the family. However, her husband Namseonbi wasted all of the money whenever Yeosan Buin gathered enough. The family of Yeosan Buin had nine members: Namseonbi, Yeosan Buin, and their seven sons. The name of the seventh was Nokdisaengin. Because of the family's poverty, all of the family starved and lacked clothing. Yeosan Buin was worried by their pitiful condition, and bought fine cotton clothes and hats and fifty silver coins by selling her treasures she had brought from her family. She suggested that with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gut (ritual)
Gut (, also romanised kut or goot) are the rites performed by Korean shamans, involving offerings and sacrifices to gods, spirits and ancestors. They are characterised by rhythmic movements, songs, oracles and prayers. These rites are meant to create welfare, promoting commitment between the spirits and humankind. The major categories of rites are the ''naerim-gut'', the ''dodang-gut'' and the ''ssitgim-gut''. Through song and dance, the shaman begs the gods to intervene in the fortune of humans. The shaman wears a very colourful costume and normally speaks in ecstasy. During a rite, the shaman changes his or her costume several times. Rituals consist of various phases, called ''gori''. In Jeju Island, ''gut'' rituals involve the recitation of a myth about the deities being invoked, called ''bon-puri''. Similar narratives are also found in mainland shamanism. Importance of purification Purity of both the body and the mind is a state that is required for taking part in ritual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Punishment
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of committing crimes. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include the rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and moral support for victims. The primary institutions of the criminal justice system are the police, prosecution and defense lawyers, the courts and the prisons system. Criminal justice system Definition The criminal justice system consists of three main parts: #Law enforcement agencies, usually the police #Courts and accompanying prosecution and defence lawyers #Agencies for detaining and supervising offenders, such as prisons and probation agencies. In the criminal justice system, these distinct agencies operate together as the principal means of maintaining the rule of law within society. Law enforcement The first contact a defendant has with the criminal justice system is usually with the police (or ''law enforcement'') w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
