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Cepaea
''Cepaea'' is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae. The shells of species within this genus are often brightly colored and patterned with stripes. The two species from this genus, the common and widespread ''C. nemoralis'' and ''C. hortensis'', have been model species for early studies of genetics and natural selection. They occur in Europe, although introduced populations occur elsewhere in the world. Like many Helicidae, this genus of snails create and use love darts. Species For a long time, four species were classified in the genus ''Cepaea''. However, Molecular phylogenetics, molecular phylogenetic studies suggested that the latter two should be placed in the unrelated genera ''Macularia'' and ''Caucasotachea'': * ''White-lipped snail, Cepaea hortensis'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) – white-lipped snail or garden banded snail * ''Grove snail, Cepaea nemoralis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grove Snail
The grove snail, brown-lipped snail or Lemon snail (''Cepaea nemoralis'') is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=235792 on 2020-07-31 It is one of the most common species of land snail in Europe, and has been introduced to North America. ;Subspecies: * ''Cepaea nemoralis etrusca'' (Rossmässler, 1835) * ''Cepaea nemoralis nemoralis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ''Cepaea nemoralis'' is the type species of the genus ''Cepaea''. It is used as a model organism in citizen science projects. Description ''Cepaea nemoralis'' is among the largest and, because of its polymorphism and bright colours, one of the best-known snails in Western Europe. The colour of the shell of ''Cepaea nemoralis'' is very variable; it can be reddish, brownish, yellow or whitish, with or with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cepaea Hortensis And Cepaea Vindobonensis
''Cepaea'' is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae. The shells of species within this genus are often brightly colored and patterned with stripes. The two species from this genus, the common and widespread ''C. nemoralis'' and ''C. hortensis'', have been model species for early studies of genetics and natural selection. They occur in Europe, although introduced populations occur elsewhere in the world. Like many Helicidae, this genus of snails create and use love darts. Species For a long time, four species were classified in the genus ''Cepaea''. However, molecular phylogenetic studies suggested that the latter two should be placed in the unrelated genera ''Macularia'' and ''Caucasotachea'': * '' Cepaea hortensis'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) – white-lipped snail or garden banded snail * '' Cepaea nemoralis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – brown-lipped snail or grove snail * ''Cepaea sylvatica'' (Draparnau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cepaea Vindobonensis
''Caucasotachea vindobonensis'' is a species of medium-sized air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod in the family Helicidae. The scientific name is derived from the Celtic settlement Vindobona, now known as Vienna, the capital of Austria. This species was assigned to the genus ''Cepaea'' for a long time. However, molecular biologist research showed, that this species is not closely related to ''Cepaea'', but belongs instead to the genus ''Caucasotachea''. Description The right-coiled, globular shell of ''C. vindobonensis'' is about 17–21 mm high and 20–25 mm broad with 5,5-6 whorls. The umbilicus is completely covered in adult specimens. The lip is always red-brown at the inner and outer side with a fine white stripe at its margin. This specific lip coloration allows to separate it from the conchological similar ''Cepaea hortensis'' (pure white lip) and ''Cepaea nemoralis'' (consistent dark brown lip), with which ''C. vindobonensis'' ofte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-lipped Snail
The white-lipped snail or garden banded snail, scientific name ''Cepaea hortensis'', is a medium-sized species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae. It is a close relative of the Grove Snail. Shell description The white-lipped snail is very slightly smaller than the grove snail, the shell being usually about in maximum dimension. Like the grove snail (brown-lipped snail), it has considerable variability in shell colour and banding, although the shell of the white-lipped snail is perhaps most commonly yellow, with or without brown banding. The principal distinguishing feature of this species is a white lip at the aperture of the shell in adult specimens, although very rarely the brown-lipped grove snail can have a white lip, and ''vice versa''. Distribution The native distribution of this species is Western Europe and Central Europe.Kerney M.P. & Cameron R. A. D., 1979. “A field guide to the land snails of Britain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Love Dart
A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship, before actual mating takes place. Darts are quite large compared to the size of the animal: in the case of the semi-slug genus ''Parmarion'', the length of a dart can be up to one fifth that of the semi-slug's foot. The process of using love darts in snails is a form of sexual selection. Prior to copulation, each of the two snails (or slugs) attempts to "shoot" one (or more) darts into the other snail (or slug). There is no organ to receive the dart; this action is more analogous to stabbing, or to being shot with an arrow or flechette. The dart does not fly through the air to reach its target, but is "fired" as a contact shot. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cepaea Sylvatica
'' Macularia sylvatica'' is a medium-sized species of air-breathing dextral land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae. It was once seen as a close relative of the grove snail (''Cepaea nemoralis''), but does in fact not belong to the genus ''Cepaea ''Cepaea'' is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae. The shells of species within this genus are often brightly colored and patterned with stripes. The two species ...'' at all. Geographic distribution and habitat This westalpine species occurs in Germany, Italy, France, Liechtenstein and Switzerland.Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: ''European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = Bestimmungsbuch für europäische Land- und Süsswassermollusken.'' A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 , (S. 368) The vertical distribution reaches from 265 - 2560m asl.Turner H, Kuiper JGJ, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicidae
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of small to large, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including ''Cornu aspersum'' (formerly ''Helix aspersa'') the brown or garden snail, and ''Helix pomatia'' the "escargot". The biologies of these two species in particular have been thoroughly studied and documented. Shell description The shells of these snails are mostly rather globular in shape. In some genera, such as ''Cepaea'', the shells are brightly colored and patterned. Anatomy The animal is capable of complete retraction within the shell. The tail is without a mucous gland or projection. Tryon G. W. 1887 ''Manual of conchology; structural and systematic. With illustrations of the species''. Second series: PulmonataVolume 3 Helicidae - Volume I. pag3€“4. The mouth is always provided with a jaw, which is striate, ribbed, sulcate or plicate, sometimes composed of several imbricating piece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedum
''Sedum'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, members of which are commonly known as stonecrops. The genus has been described as containing up to 600 species, subsequently reduced to 400–500. They are leaf succulents found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into the southern hemisphere in Africa and South America. The plants vary from annual and creeping herbs to shrubs. The plants have water-storing leaves. The flowers usually have five petals, seldom four or six. There are typically twice as many stamens as petals. Various species formerly classified as ''Sedum'' are now in the segregate genera '' Hylotelephium'' and ''Rhodiola''. Well-known European species of ''Sedum'' are ''Sedum acre'', ''Sedum album'', '' Sedum dasyphyllum'', '' Sedum reflexum'' (also known as ''Sedum rupestre'') and ''Sedum hispanicum''. Description ''Sedum'' is a genus that includes annual, biennial, and perennial herbs. They are characterised by succulen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Held
Friedrich Held (21 July 1812 – 25 January 1872) was a German malacologist. His name is honoured by the research organization Friedrich Held Gesellschaft Verein zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Weichtierkunde e.V. Works *Held F. 1836. Aufzählung der in Bayern lebenden Mollusken ''Isis'' 1836 (4): 271-282. Leipzig. *Held, F. 1837 Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns ''Isis'' 1837 (4): 303-309. Leipzig. *Held, F. 1838. Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns (Fortsetzung) ''Isis'' 1837 (12): 902-919. Leipzig. All digitised at AnimalBase References ''Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names''*Zilch, A.,1967 Geschichte der malakologischen Sektion. Aus der Geschichte des Senckenberg-Museums, Nr. 13. ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' 97: 7-43. Biography, handwriting. German malacologists 1872 deaths 1812 births {{Germany-biologist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water. Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial life (the last common ancestor of all gastropods was marine). The majority of land snails are pulmonates that have a lung and breathe air. Most of the non-pulmonate land snails belong to lineages in the Caenogastropoda, and tend to have a gill and an operculum. The largest clade of land snails is the Cyclophoroidea, with more than 7,000 species. Many of these operculate land snails live in habitats or microhabitats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
