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Cepaea Hortensis And Cepaea Vindobonensis
''Cepaea'' is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae. The shells of species within this genus are often brightly colored and patterned with stripes. The two species from this genus, the common and widespread ''C. nemoralis'' and ''C. hortensis'', have been model species for early studies of genetics and natural selection. They occur in Europe, although introduced populations occur elsewhere in the world. Like many Helicidae, this genus of snails create and use love darts. Species For a long time, four species were classified in the genus ''Cepaea''. However, molecular phylogenetic studies suggested that the latter two should be placed in the unrelated genera ''Macularia'' and ''Caucasotachea'': * ''Cepaea hortensis'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) – white-lipped snail or garden banded snail * ''Cepaea nemoralis The grove snail, brown-lipped snail or Lemon snail (''Cepaea nemoralis'') is a species of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sedum
''Sedum'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, members of which are commonly known as stonecrops. The genus has been described as containing up to 600 species, subsequently reduced to 400–500. They are leaf succulents found primarily in the Northern Hemisphere, but extending into the southern hemisphere in Africa and South America. The plants vary from annual and creeping herbs to shrubs. The plants have water-storing leaves. The flowers usually have five petals, seldom four or six. There are typically twice as many stamens as petals. Various species formerly classified as ''Sedum'' are now in the segregate genera '' Hylotelephium'' and ''Rhodiola''. Well-known European species of ''Sedum'' are ''Sedum acre'', ''Sedum album'', '' Sedum dasyphyllum'', '' Sedum reflexum'' (also known as ''Sedum rupestre'') and ''Sedum hispanicum''. Description ''Sedum'' is a genus that includes annual, biennial, and perennial herbs. They are characterised by succulen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-lipped Snail
The white-lipped snail or garden banded snail, scientific name ''Cepaea hortensis'', is a medium-sized species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Helicidae. It is a close relative of the Grove Snail. Shell description The white-lipped snail is very slightly smaller than the grove snail, the shell being usually about in maximum dimension. Like the grove snail (brown-lipped snail), it has considerable variability in shell colour and banding, although the shell of the white-lipped snail is perhaps most commonly yellow, with or without brown banding. The principal distinguishing feature of this species is a white lip at the aperture of the shell in adult specimens, although very rarely the brown-lipped grove snail can have a white lip, and ''vice versa''. Distribution The native distribution of this species is Western Europe and Central Europe.Kerney M.P. & Cameron R. A. D., 1979. “A field guide to the land snails of Britain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Held
Friedrich Held (21 July 1812 – 25 January 1872) was a German malacologist. His name is honoured by the research organization Friedrich Held Gesellschaft Verein zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Weichtierkunde e.V. Works *Held F. 1836. Aufzählung der in Bayern lebenden Mollusken ''Isis'' 1836 (4): 271-282. Leipzig. *Held, F. 1837 Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns ''Isis'' 1837 (4): 303-309. Leipzig. *Held, F. 1838. Notizen über die Weichthiere Bayerns (Fortsetzung) ''Isis'' 1837 (12): 902-919. Leipzig. All digitised at AnimalBase AnimalBase is a project brought to life in 2004 and is maintained by the University of Göttingen, Germany. The goal of the AnimalBase project is to digitize early zoological literature, provide copyright-free open access to zoological works, and pr ... References ''Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names''*Zilch, A.,1967 Geschichte der malakologischen Sektion. Aus der Geschichte des Senckenberg-Museums, Nr. 13. ''Archiv für Molluskenku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water. Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial life (the last common ancestor of all gastropods was marine). The majority of land snails are pulmonates that have a lung and breathe air. Most of the non-pulmonate land snails belong to lineages in the Caenogastropoda, and tend to have a gill and an operculum. The largest clade of land snails is the Cyclophoroidea, with more than 7,000 species. Many of these operculate land snails live in habitats or microhabitats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrestrial Molluscs
Terrestrial molluscs or land molluscs (mollusks) are an ecological group that includes all molluscs that live on land in contrast to freshwater and marine molluscs. They probably first occurred in the Carboniferous, arising from freshwater ones. Characteristics This group includes land snails and land slugs. Loss of the shell has taken place many times in different groups that are not evolutionarily closely related, and land snails and slugs are most often treated together as a single group in specialized malacological literature.Barker G. M. (ed.) The biology of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2001, 558 pp. .Barker G. M. (ed.) Natural enemies of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, 2004, 644 pp. . All terrestrial molluscs belong to the class Gastropoda. However, colonization of the land took place several times during the evolutionary past, and as a result terrestrial molluscs are classified in several different, often not closely related, gastropod taxa. Terrestr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families. The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger ''et al.'', dating from 2010. Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous Period to the present. Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated, symmetrical, nervous system. The mantle cavity is located on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts. Linnean taxonomy The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helicidae
Helicidae is a large, diverse family of small to large, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including ''Cornu aspersum'' (formerly ''Helix aspersa'') the brown or garden snail, and ''Helix pomatia'' the "escargot". The biologies of these two species in particular have been thoroughly studied and documented. Shell description The shells of these snails are mostly rather globular in shape. In some genera, such as ''Cepaea'', the shells are brightly colored and patterned. Anatomy The animal is capable of complete retraction within the shell. The tail is without a mucous gland or projection. Tryon G. W. 1887 ''Manual of conchology; structural and systematic. With illustrations of the species''. Second series: PulmonataVolume 3 Helicidae - Volume I. pag3€“4. The mouth is always provided with a jaw, which is striate, ribbed, sulcate or plicate, sometimes composed of several imbricating piece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Love Dart
A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship, before actual mating takes place. Darts are quite large compared to the size of the animal: in the case of the semi-slug genus ''Parmarion'', the length of a dart can be up to one fifth that of the semi-slug's foot. The process of using love darts in snails is a form of sexual selection. Prior to copulation, each of the two snails (or slugs) attempts to "shoot" one (or more) darts into the other snail (or slug). There is no organ to receive the dart; this action is more analogous to stabbing, or to being shot with an arrow or flechette. The dart does not fly through the air to reach its target, but is "fired" as a contact shot. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cepaea Hortensis And Cepaea Vindobonensis
''Cepaea'' is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae. The shells of species within this genus are often brightly colored and patterned with stripes. The two species from this genus, the common and widespread ''C. nemoralis'' and ''C. hortensis'', have been model species for early studies of genetics and natural selection. They occur in Europe, although introduced populations occur elsewhere in the world. Like many Helicidae, this genus of snails create and use love darts. Species For a long time, four species were classified in the genus ''Cepaea''. However, molecular phylogenetic studies suggested that the latter two should be placed in the unrelated genera ''Macularia'' and ''Caucasotachea'': * ''Cepaea hortensis'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) – white-lipped snail or garden banded snail * ''Cepaea nemoralis The grove snail, brown-lipped snail or Lemon snail (''Cepaea nemoralis'') is a species of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
