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Cannons Railway
The ''Kanonenbahn'' (literally "Cannons Railway") is a former German military strategic railway between Berlin and Metz via Güsten, Wetzlar, Koblenz and Trier. Metz is in Alsace-Lorraine, which was annexed by Germany after the Franco-Prussian War. Other railways, such as the Glan Valley Railway (''Glantalbahn''), built mainly for military strategic reasons, were also colloquially known as the ''Kanonenbahn'', but the link between Berlin and Metz is the best known of them. Derivation of name Kanonenbahn is not an official name for the line. There are a number of other names for the line or sections of it: *Berlin–Metz Railway (''Berlin-Metzer Bahn'') *Wetzlar Railway (''Wetzlarer Bahn'') or Berlin–Wetzlar Railway (''Berlin-Wetzlarer Bahn'') *Berlin–Coblenz Railway (''Berlin-Coblenzer Eisenbahn'', BCE) *Berlin–Blankenheim Railway (''Berlin-Blankenheimer Bahn'') *Moselle line (''Moselstrecke'') Four different railway divisions were responsible for the supervision of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metz Bahnhof 1
Metz ( , , lat, Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand Est region. Located near the tripoint along the junction of France, Germany and Luxembourg,Says J.M. (2010) La Moselle, une rivière européenne. Eds. Serpenoise. the city forms a central place of the European Greater Region and the SaarLorLux euroregion. Metz has a rich 3,000-year history,Bour R. (2007) Histoire de Metz, nouvelle édition. Eds. Serpenoise. having variously been a Celtic ''oppidum'', an important Gallo-Roman city,Vigneron B. (1986) Metz antique: Divodurum Mediomatricorum. Eds. Maisonneuve. the Merovingian capital of Austrasia,Huguenin A. (2011) Histoire du royaume mérovingien d'Austrasie. Eds. des Paraiges. pp. 134,275 the birthplace of the Carolingian dynasty,Settipani C. (1989) Les ancêtres de Charlemagne. Ed. Socià ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eichsfeld
The Eichsfeld ( or ; English: ''Oak-field'') is a historical region in the southeast of the state of Lower Saxony (which is called "Untereichsfeld" = lower Eichsfeld) and northwest of the state of Thuringia ("Obereichsfeld" = upper Eichsfeld) in the south of the Harz mountains in Germany. Until 1803 the Eichsfeld was for centuries part of the Archbishopric of Mainz, which is the cause of its current position as a Catholic enclave in the predominantly Protestant north of Germany. Following German partition in 1945, the West German portion became Landkreis Duderstadt. A few small transfers of territory between the American and Soviet zones of occupation took place in accordance with the Wanfried Agreement. Geography Today the greatest part of the Obereichsfeld makes up the Landkreis (district) Eichsfeld. Other parts belong to the district Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis. The Untereichsfeld, later Landkreis Duderstadt, was merged mostly with the Landkreis of Göttingen, while Lindau became par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lollar–Wetzlar Railway
The Lollar–Wetzlar railway was a railway line in the German state of Hesse, connecting the towns of Lollar and Wetzlar via Lahnau. It was opened in 1878 as part of the Cannons Railway (''Kanonenbahn'') from Berlin to Metz, but was closed in 1983. History The 18.04 km long Lollar–Wetzlar line was built as a bypass for Gießen. The line separated in Lollar from the Main-Weser Railway coming from the north and ran directly to Wetzlar where the Cannons Railway continued over the Lahntal railway to the west. This work was built under the leadership of Julius Lehwald. The initial survey work for the line were carried out in 1872, construction began on 1 July 1875 and was completed in July 1878. The line was officially opened on 15 October 1878. This line allowed the Cannons Railway to avoid the Gießen rail node. Because the line's main significance was military, it served none of the nearby localities. The line features very large radius curves and low grades. Some of the fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koblenz–Trier Railway
The Koblenz–Trier Railway is a railway line in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, located mostly on the left (northern) bank of the Moselle, connecting Koblenz via Bullay to Trier. It is known in German as the ''Moselstrecke'', i.e. "Moselle line". It is often called the ''Moselbahn links der Mosel'' ("Moselle railway left of the Moselle") to distinguish it from the Moselle Railway (''Moselbahn'') or ''Moselle Valley Railway'' (''Moseltalbahn''), which ran on the right (southern) bank of the Moselle from Bullay to Trier, but was abandoned in the 1960s. The line was built as part of the Cannons Railway (''Kanonenbahn'') and opened in 1879. Route The line leaves Koblenz Hauptbahnhof and diverges from the Left Rhine line, which leads to Cologne, and three km later it crosses the Moselle on the Güls railway bridge. It then runs for about 55 km on the left side of the river to Cochem. Immediately after Cochem, it runs through the most important structure of the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leinefelde–Treysa Railway
The Leinefelde–Treysa line is a former railway line in the German states of Thuringia and Hesse, connecting the towns of Leinefelde, Eschwege, Spangenberg, Malsfeld, Homberg (Efze) and Treysa with one another. It was mostly opened in sections between 1875 and 1880 as part of the Cannons Railway (german: Kanonenbahn), a military strategic railway. History The Leinefelde–Silberhausen section was opened on 3 October 1870 as part of the Gotha–Leinefelde railway, which was built as part of a Hanover–Göttingen–Gotha–south Germany link and as result ran from the eastern end of Leinefelde station. Thus, trains on the Cannons Railway, when it was opened, had to change direction at the station. On 31 October 1875, the section between Eschwege and Eschwege West (then called Niederhone) was opened together with the Bebra–Eschwege-West line. The Niederhone–Treysa section followed on 15 May 1879. On 15 May 1880 this was followed by the opening of the Silberhausen–Eschwege ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin–Blankenheim Railway
The Berlin-Blankenheim railway or Wetzlarer Bahn ("Wetzlar Railway") is a railway line in the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt. It is a section of the Kanonenbahn (''Cannons Railway'') between Berlin and Metz, built between 1877 and 1882. Wetzlar used to be an important rail junction on the ''Kanonenbahn''. The Berlin-Blankenheim line originally ran from Berlin, via Bad Belzig, Güsten, Sandersleben to Blankenheim, where a remnant of it still joins the Halle–Kassel line. The Wiesenburg– Güsten section has carried no traffic since 2004 and is now closed. Only the Berlin–Wiesenburg section is electrified. The Sandersleben–Blankenheim section has only a single track, while the remainder of the still-operating parts of the line is duplicated. History The track was built at the instigation of the Prussian government between 1877 and 1882 as a direct militarily strategic railway, bypassing urban areas, connecting to Alsace-Lorraine, which had bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vereinsthaler
The Vereinsthaler (, ''union thaler'') was a standard silver coin used in most German states and the Austrian Empire in the years before German unification. The Vereinsthaler was introduced in 1857 to replace the various versions of the North German thaler, many of which were already set at par with the Prussian thaler. While the earlier Prussian Thaler was slightly heavier at th a Cologne mark of fine silver (16.704 grams), the Vereinsthaler contained grams of silver, which was indicated on the coins as one thirtieth of a metric pound (Pfund, equal to 500 grams). Distribution The Vereinsthaler was used as the base for several different currencies. In Prussia and several other northern German states, the Vereinsthaler was the standard unit of account, divided into 30 Silbergroschen, each of 12 Pfennig. See Prussian Vereinsthaler. In Saxony, the Neugroschen was equal to the Prussian Silbergroschen but was divided into 10 Pfennig. See Saxon Vereinsthaler. Some other n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lollar
Lollar is a town in the district of Gießen, in Hesse, Germany. It is situated on the river Lahn, 7 km north of Gießen Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (), is a town in the German state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 univers .... The biggest production site of Bosch Thermotechnology is located in Lollar. References Giessen (district) {{Hesse-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Reparations
War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war. History Making one party pay a war indemnity is a common practice with a long history. Rome imposed large indemnities on Carthage after the First (Treaty of Lutatius) and Second Punic Wars. Some war reparations induced changes in monetary policy. For example, the French payment following the Franco-Prussian war played a major role in Germany's decision to adopt the gold standard; the 230 million silver taels in reparations imposed on defeated China after the First Sino-Japanese War led Japan to a similar decision. There have been attempts to codify reparations both in the Statutes of the International Criminal Court and the UN Basic Principles on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims, and some scholars have argued that individuals should have a right to seek compensation for wrongs they sustained during warfare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gießen
Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (), is a town in the German state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 university students. The name comes from ''Giezzen'', as it was first referred to in 1197, which refers to the position of the town between several rivers, lakes and streams. The largest river in Giessen is the Lahn, which divides the town in two parts (west and east), roughly north of Frankfurt am Main. Giessen is also home to the University of Giessen. In 1969, the town hosted the ninth ''Hessentag'' state festival. History Giessen came into being as a moated castle in 1152 built by Count Wilhelm von Gleiberg, although the history of the community in the northeast and in today's suburb called "Wieseck" dates back to 775. The town became part of Hesse-Marburg in 1567, passing to Hesse-Darmstadt in 1604. The University of Giessen was founded i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kassel
Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020. The former capital of the state of Hesse-Kassel has many palaces and parks, including the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kassel is also known for the '' documenta'' exhibitions of contemporary art. Kassel has a public university with 25,000 students (2018) and a multicultural population (39% of the citizens in 2017 had a migration background). History Kassel was first mentioned in 913 AD, as the place where two deeds were signed by King Conrad I. The place was called ''Chasella'' or ''Chassalla'' and was a fortification at a bridge crossing the Fulda river. There are several yet unproven assumptions of the name's origin. It could be derived from the ancient ''Castellum Cattorum'', a castle of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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