|
Calodium
''Capillaria'' is a genus of nematodes in the family Capillariidae (or, according to classifications, in the family Trichinellidae). Since the taxonomy of the Capillariidae is disputed, species are included within the single genus ''Capillaria'' or 22 different genera (''Amphibiocapillaria, Aonchotheca, Baruscapillaria, Calodium, Capillaria, Capillostrongyloides, Crocodylocapillaria, Echinocoleus, Eucoleus, Freitascapillaria, Gessyella, Liniscus, Paracapillaria, Paracapillaroides, Pearsonema, Paratrichosoma, Pseudocapillaria, Piscicapillaria, Pseudocapillaroides, Pterothominx, Schulmanela'', and ''Tenoranema'').Moravec, František 2001: Trichinelloid Nematodes parasitic in cold-blooded vertebrates. Academia, Praha, 432 pp. (list of genera in pages 30-32) () Some species parasitic in fish, previously classified within ''Capillaria'', are now included in ''Huffmanela'' (family Trichosomoididae). Old literature, and sometimes modern medical literature, use ''Capillaria'' as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillaria Hepatica
''Capillaria hepatica'' is a parasitic nematode which causes hepatic capillariasis in rodents and numerous other mammal species, including humans. The life cycle of ''C. hepatica'' may be completed in a single host species. However, the eggs, which are laid in the liver, must mature outside of the host body (in the environment) prior to infecting a new host. So the death of the host in which the adults reach sexual maturity, either by being eaten or dying and decomposing, is necessary for completion of the life cycle. Discovery and taxonomy This species was first described in 1893, from specimens found in the liver of ''Rattus norvegicus'', and named ''Trichocephalus hepaticus''. Various authors have subsequently renamed it ''Trichosoma hepaticum'', ''Capillaria hepatica'', ''Hepaticola hepatica'' and ''Calodium hepaticum''. Currently it is usually referred to as either ''Capillaria hepatica'' or, less often, ''Calodium hepaticum''. Hosts and distribution Adults are often foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillariidae
''Capillariidae'' is a family of parasitic nematodes. All its members are parasites in vertebrates when they are in their adult stage. Taxonomy The family Capillariidae was created by Railliet in 1915. It is accepted in the most recent classifications of the Nematoda,Hodda, M. 2011: Phylum Nematoda Cobb 1932. ''In'': Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011: Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. ''Zootaxa'', 3148: 63–95. (paperback) (online editionPDF/ref> in which it is one of the members of the order Trichocephalida. However, ''Capillaria'' and closely related genera are sometimes included in the family Trichinellidae in other classifications. The taxonomy of the Capillariidae is disputed: according to different classifications, the family includes the single genus ''Capillaria'' or 22 different genera ('' Amphibiocapillaria, Aonchotheca, Baruscapillaria, Calodium, Capillaria, Capillostrongyloides, Crocodylocapillaria, Echino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillaria Aerophila
''Capillaria aerophila'' is a nematode parasite found in the respiratory tract of foxes, dogs, and various other carnivorous mammals. A few cases of human infestation have also been reported. Though it is sometimes called a "lungworm", this term usually refers to other species of nematodes. Infestation by ''C. aerophila'' is referred to as "pulmonary capillariasis" (occasionally spelled "capillariosis), "bronchial capillariasis," or (rarely) "thominxosis." This parasite has a direct life cycle, meaning that the life cycle can be completed in a single host. ''C. aerophila'' usually causes only minor clinical symptoms, such as irritation of the respiratory tract and coughing. However, secondary bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, including pneumonia, may develop in heavy infestations. Treatment with anthelmintics, such as levamisole or fenbendazole, is usually sufficient to cure ''C. aerophila'' infestations. Taxonomy and description This species was originally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillaria Feliscati
Capillaria feliscati (also known as Pearsonema feliscati, the cat bladder worm is a worm that affects cats, and seldom dogs. Its main final hosts are wild carnivores (foxes, wolves, coyotes, hedgehogs, etc.). It is a urinary tract nematode, though its occurrence is rare. ''C. feliscati'' are small, delicate, yellowish, thread-like worms. Adults are approximately between in length.Bartges, Joe, and David Polzin, eds. Nephrology and urology of small animals. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. Pathology The parasite can irritate the mucosa of the urinary system (bladder and tract), sometimes with painful urination and incontinence.Conboy, Gary. "Helminth parasites of the canine and feline respiratory tract."Veterinary clinics of north america: small animal practice 39.6 (2009): 1109-1126. They reportedly infect the large intestine but have been found in the urinary bladder of the cat, resulting in feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD). In cats with a heavy infection, symptoms can include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillaria Plica
''Capillaria plica'' (dog bladder worm) is a parasitic nematode which is most often found in the urinary bladder, and occasionally in the kidneys, of dogs and foxes. It has also been found in the domestic cat, and various wild mammals. Its presence usually produces no clinical symptoms, but in some cases, it leads to hematuria (blood in the urine), cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder), or difficulty in urination. Taxonomy and Description This species was originally described in 1819, and named ''Capillaria plica''. In 1982, the suggestion was made that ''C. plica'' be transferred to the genus ''Pearsonema'' Freitas & Mendonça 1960, as ''Pearsonema plica''. Currently, both names are used in the literature with roughly equal frequency. For example, searches of thPubMeddatabase performed on 22 Nov 2008 yielded the same number of hits dated 2000 or later using either ''Capillaria plica'' or ''Pearsonema plica''. Hosts and distribution ''Capillaria plica'' is often fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intestinal Capillariasis
Capillariasis is a disease in the group of helminthiasis diseases caused by the nematode ''Capillaria philippinensis''. Symptoms and signs Symptoms in infested humans include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, edema, weight loss, borborygmus (stomach growling), and depressed levels of potassium and albumin in the blood. In humans, the parasites damage the cells of the intestinal wall. This damage interferes with the absorption of nutrients and the maintenance of a proper electrolyte balance. Untreated ''C. philippinensis'' infestations are often fatal. Diagnosis Diagnosis usually involves finding the eggs and/or adults of ''C. philippinensis'' in stool samples. Prevention Prevention is as simple as avoiding eating small, whole, uncooked fish. However, in ''C. philippinensis'' endemic areas, such dietary habits are common and have been practiced for many generations. Treatment Anthelmintics such as mebendazole and albendazole have been reported to eliminate infestation of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillaria Philippinensis
''Capillaria philippinensis'' is a parasitic nematode which causes intestinal capillariasis. This sometimes fatal disease was first discovered in Northern Luzon, Philippines, in 1964. Cases have also been reported from China, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Korea, Lao PDR, Taiwan and Thailand. Cases diagnosed in Italy and Spain were believed to be acquired abroad, with one case possibly contracted in Colombia. The natural life cycle of ''C. philippinensis'' is believed to involve fish as intermediate hosts, and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts. Humans acquire ''C. philippinensis'' by eating small species of infested fish whole and raw. Discovery and nomenclature Between the first case reported in 1964 and the end of 1967, more than 1000 cases were documented in and around Northern Luzon particularly at Tagudin, Ilocos Sur, including 77 deaths. Witch doctors were hired by the locals to exorcise the curse placed on them by the river god, which they believed was responsibl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepatic Capillariasis
The liver is a major organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, and the production of hormones. The liver is an accessory digestive organ that produces bile, an alkaline fluid containing cholesterol and bile acids, which helps the breakdown of fat. The gallbladder, a small pouch that sits just under the liver, stores bile produced by the liver which is later moved to the small intestine to complete digestion. The liver's highly specialized tissue, consisting mostly of hepatocytes, regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions, including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex molecules, many of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillaria Gastrica
''Capillaria gastrica'' is a parasitic nematode in the genus ''Capillaria''. Among the known host species are the marsh rice rat (''Oryzomys palustris'') and deermouse (''Peromyscus maniculatus'').Pulido-Flores et al., 2005, p. 191 See also * List of parasites of the marsh rice rat A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (''Oryzomys palustris''), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeaste ... References Literature cited *Kinsella, J.M. 1988. Comparison of helminths of rice rats, ''Oryzomys palustris'', from freshwater and saltwater marshes in Florida. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 55(2):275–280. *Pulido-Flores, G., Moreno-Flores, S. and Monks, S. 2005Helminths of rodents (Rodentia: Muridae) from Metztitlán, San Cristóbal, and Rancho Santa Elena, Hidalgo, Mexico(subscription required). Comparative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillariasis
Capillariasis is a disease caused by nematodes in the genus ''Capillaria''.Berger SA, Marr JS. Human Parasitic Diseases Sourcebook. Jones and Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, Massachusetts, 2006. The two principal forms of the disease are: * Intestinal capillariasis, caused by ''Capillaria philippinensis'' * Hepatic capillariasis, caused by ''Capillaria hepatica ''Capillaria hepatica'' is a parasitic nematode which causes hepatic capillariasis in rodents and numerous other mammal species, including humans. The life cycle of ''C. hepatica'' may be completed in a single host species. However, the eggs, wh ...'' References Helminthiases {{parasite-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
