|
Callitrichidae
The Callitrichidae (also called Arctopitheci or Hapalidae) are a family of New World monkeys, including marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. At times, this group of animals has been regarded as a subfamily, called the Callitrichinae, of the family Cebidae. This taxon was traditionally thought to be a primitive lineage, from which all the larger-bodied platyrrhines evolved. However, some works argue that callitrichids are actually a dwarfed lineage.Naish, DarrenMarmosets and tamarins: dwarfed monkeys of the South American tropics Scientific American November 27, 2012 Ancestral stem-callitrichids likely were "normal-sized" ceboids that were dwarfed through evolutionary time. This may exemplify a rare example of insular dwarfing in a mainland context, with the "islands" being formed by biogeographic barriers during arid climatic periods when forest distribution became patchy, and/or by the extensive river networks in the Amazon Basin. All callitrichids are arboreal. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New World Monkeys
New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae. The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea (), the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini (). Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils. Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails. New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago. Evolutionary history About 40 million years ago, the Simiiformes infraorder split into the parvorders Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (apes and Old World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saguinus
The tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus ''Saguinus''. They are the first offshoot in the Callitrichidae tree, and therefore are the sister group of a clade formed by the lion tamarins, Goeldi's monkeys and marmosets. Taxonomy and evolutionary history Hershkovitz (1977) recognised ten species in the genus ''Saguinus'', further divided into 33 morphotypes based on facial pelage. A later classification into two clades was based on variations in dental measurements. A taxonomic review (Rylands et al., 2016) showed the tamarins are a sister group to all other callitrichids, branching off 15–13 million years ago. Within this clade, six species groups are historically recognised, ''nigricollis'', ''mystax'', ''midas'', ''inustus'', ''bicolor'' and ''oedipus'', five of which were shown to be valid with ''Saguinus inustus'' placed within the ''midas'' group. The review noted that the smaller-bodied ''nigricollis'' group began div ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marmoset
The marmosets (), also known as zaris or sagoin, are twenty-two New World monkey species of the genera '' Callithrix'', '' Cebuella'', '' Callibella'', and ''Mico''. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term "marmoset" is also used in reference to Goeldi's marmoset, ''Callimico goeldii'', which is closely related. Most marmosets are about long. Relative to other monkeys, they show some apparently primitive features; they have claws rather than nails, and tactile hairs on their wrists. They lack wisdom teeth, and their brain layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusually variable, changing by up to in a day. Marmosets are native to South America and have been found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru. They have also been occasionally spotted in Central America and southern Mexico. They are sometimes kept as pets, though they have specific dietary and habitat needs that require considerati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown-mantled Tamarin
The brown-mantled tamarin (''Leontocebus fuscicollis''), also known as Spix's saddle-back tamarin, is a species of saddle-back tamarin. This New World monkey is found in the Southern American countries of Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. This Omnivore, omnivorous member of the Callitrichidae family is usually found in smaller groups ranging between 4 and 15 individuals. This species communicates vocally and largely relies on its olfactory system. The brown-mantled tamarin is considered a species of Least-concern species, Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, despite a decreasing population and being threatened by poaching, habitat loss and capture for the illegal pet trade. Taxonomy There are 4 subspecies: *''L. f. avilapiresi'', Avila Pires' saddle-back tamarin *''L. f. fuscicollis'', Spix's saddle-back tamarin *''L. f. mura'', Mura's saddleback tamarin *''L. f. primitivus'', Lako's saddleback tamarin Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin, Lesson's saddle-bac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callithrix Jacchus
The common marmoset (''Callithrix jacchus''), also called white-tufted marmoset or white-tufted-ear marmoset, is a New World monkey. It originally lived on the northeastern coast of Brazil, in the states of Piauí, Paraíba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas, and Bahia. Through release (both intentional and unintentional) of captive individuals, it has expanded its range since the 1920s to Southeast Brazil (its first sighting in the wild for Rio de Janeiro was in 1929), where it became an invasive species, raising concerns about genetic pollution of similar species, such as the buffy-tufted marmoset (''Callithrix aurita''), and predation upon bird nestlings and eggs. The whole genome sequence of a female common marmoset was published on 20 July 2014. It became the first New World monkey to have its genome sequenced. Physical description and morphology Common marmosets are very small monkeys with relatively long tails. Males are slightly larger than females; males ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lion Tamarin
The four species of lion tamarins or maned marmosets make up the genus ''Leontopithecus''. They are small New World monkeys named for the mane surrounding their face, similar to the mane of a lion. Description Living in the Atlantic Forest, eastern rainforests of Brazil, like all other Callitrichidae, callitrichids they are arboreal. Lion tamarins weigh up to and are about long, with tails about long. They jump through trees using their fingers to hold on to branches; they use their claws to dig under the bark to search for insects to eat. They also eat some snakes, small lizards, and small fruits. All are endangered or critically endangered, in part because their habitat has been severely disrupted by human development and climate change. Lion tamarins tend to live in family groups, with both parents sharing different tasks of rearing the yearly twins born to them. The mother nurses her young every two to three hours, and the father carries the babies on his back. Diurnal a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotton-top Tamarin
The cotton-top tamarin (''Saguinus oedipus'') is a small New World monkey weighing less than . This New World monkey can live up to 24 years, but most of them die by 13 years. One of the smallest primates, the cotton-top tamarin is easily recognized by the long, white sagittal crest extending from its forehead to its shoulders. The species is found in tropical forest edges and secondary forests in northwestern Colombia, where it is arboreal and diurnal. Its diet includes insects and plant exudates, and it is an important seed disperser in the tropical ecosystem. The cotton-top tamarin displays a wide variety of social behaviors. In particular, groups form a clear dominance hierarchy where only dominant pairs breed. The female normally gives birth to twins and uses pheromones to prevent other females in the group from breeding. These tamarins have been extensively studied for their high level of cooperative care, as well as altruistic and spiteful behaviors. Communicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callimico
Goeldi's marmoset, or Goeldi's monkey (''Callimico goeldii''), is a small New World monkey found on the South American continent, mainly in the upper Amazon basin of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Perú. It is the only species classified in the monotypic genus ''Callimico'', thus these monkeys are sometimes referred to as "callimicos". The species takes its name from its discoverer, Swiss-Brazilian naturalist Emil August Goeldi. Likely an evolutionary adaptation for camouflage and the evasion of predators, Goeldi's marmosets are a dark-furred species, usually a blackish-gray or darker brown in color. Superficially, the short hair on their head gives them a vague resemblance to the larger woolly monkey (''Lagothrix''); however, the back of their necks, their backside, and tails often display light, horizontal striping or highlights. Their bodies are about long, and their tails are about another long. Captive Goeldi's marmosets weigh around , while observed individuals were appro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leontopithecus
The four species of lion tamarins or maned marmosets make up the genus ''Leontopithecus''. They are small New World monkeys named for the mane surrounding their face, similar to the mane of a lion. Description Living in the eastern rainforests of Brazil, like all other callitrichids they are arboreal. Lion tamarins weigh up to and are about long, with tails about long. They jump through trees using their fingers to hold on to branches; they use their claws to dig under the bark to search for insects to eat. They also eat some snakes, small lizards, and small fruits. All are endangered or critically endangered, in part because their habitat has been severely disrupted by human development and climate change. Lion tamarins tend to live in family groups, with both parents sharing different tasks of rearing the yearly twins born to them. The mother nurses her young every two to three hours, and the father carries the babies on his back. Diurnal tree-dwellers, they sleep in tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mico (genus)
''Mico'' is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus was formerly considered a subgenus of the genus ''Callithrix''. Taxonomy ''Mico'' differs from ''Callithrix'' in dental morphology, genetics and geographic distribution: ''Callithrix'' species are distributed in eastern Brazil (mainly the Atlantic Forest), while ''Mico'' species are distributed in the Amazon rainforest south of the lower Amazon River, Amazon and Madeira Rivers, though a single species, the black-tailed marmoset, also occurs in the Pantanal and Gran Chaco, Chaco. Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset (''Mico humilis'') was briefly considered to be a member of a new monotypic genus, ''Callibella'', due mainly to differences in size, genetics, and its bearing of a single young rather than the two that marmosets usually bear. Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset is significantly smaller than the ''Mico'' species, being about midway between the typical ''Mico'' sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cebuella
Pygmy marmosets are two species of small New World monkeys in the genus ''Cebuella''. They are native to Amazon rainforest, rainforests of the western Amazon Basin in South America. These primates are notable for being the smallest monkeys in the world, at just over . They are generally found in evergreen forest, evergreen and riparian forest, river-edge forests and are gum (botany), gum-feeding specialists, or gummivores. About 83% of the pygmy marmoset population lives in stable troops of two to nine individuals, including a dominant male, a breeding female, and up to four successive litters of offspring. The modal size of a standard stable troop would be six individuals. Although most groups consist of family members, some may also include one or two additional adult members. Members of the group communicate using a complex system including vocal, chemical, and visual signals. Three main calling signals depend on the distance the call needs to travel. These monkeys may also ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
