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Calenduleae
Calenduleae is a flowering plant tribe of the family Asteraceae. Calenduleae has been widely recognized since Alexandre de Cassini in the early 19th century. There are eight genera and over 110 species, mostly found in South Africa. It is a relatively stable clade of the Asteraceae, with minor alterations. The tribe also occurs in Southwest Asia, some Atlantic islands, other portions of Africa and Europe, with non-native occurrences in the US, Australia, and New Zealand. However, three new species within the tribe have been discovered as recently as 2003. Description Plants in Calenduleae vary from herbs to shrubs and usually exhibit showy flower heads. The defining characteristics separating members of this tribe from others within the family are a dimorphism of the cypselae and the fact that each cypsela lacks a pappus. /sup> Calenduleae is named for its most economically important genus, '' Calendula'', known in homeopathic remedies and as a common ornamental. Other genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osteospermum
''Osteospermum'' , is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the Calenduleae, one of the smaller tribes of the sunflower/daisy family Asteraceae. They are known as the daisybushes or African daisies. ''Osteospermum'' used to belong to the genus ''Dimorphotheca'', but only the annual species remain in that genus; the perennials belong to ''Osteospermum''. The genus ''Osteospermum'' is also closely related to the small genus ''Chrysanthemoides'', such as ''C. incana'' and '' C. monilifera''. Names The scientific name is derived from the Greek ''osteon'' (bone) and Latin ''spermum'' (seed). It has been given several common names: African daisy, South African daisy, Cape daisy and blue-eyed daisy. Description Their alternate (rarely opposite) leaves are green, but some variegated forms exist. The leaf form is lanceolate. The leaf margin is entire, but hardy types are toothed. The daisy-like composite flower consists of disc florets and ray florets, growing singly at the end of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oligocarpus
''Oligocarpus'' is a genus of plants in the pot marigold tribe within the sunflower family, native to Southern Africa. The species ''oligocarpus calendulaceus'' can also be found in southern Australia. This genus was separated from ''Osteospermum'' in 1999 after a phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... study determined the group was distinct from other ''Osteospermum'' species. ; Species * '' Oligocarpus burchellii'' (Hook.f.) B.Nord. * '' Oligocarpus calendulaceus'' (L.f.) Less. ; formerly includedFlann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoculus
''Monoculus'' is a genus of succulent plants in the pot marigold tribe within the sunflower family, split from the genus ''Osteospermum'' by Bertil Nordenstam in 2006. The two recognised species occur in the Western Cape of South Africa, with one species ''( M. monstrosus)'' extending into Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea .... References Calenduleae Asteraceae genera Flora of Southern Africa {{asteroideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tripteris
''Tripteris'' is a genus of African plants in the pot marigold tribe within the daisy family. Some authors have classified as a ''Tripteris'' subgenus of ''Osteospermum'', but more recent studies support separating it as a distinct genus.Nordenstam, B. and Trift, I. (1999) A phylogenetic Study of the Calenduleae (Asteraceae), XVI International Botanical Congress Session 3.9.6: 3885 ; SpeciesFlann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist ; formerly included see '' Inuloides Monoculus Norlindhia |
Chrysanthemoides
''Chrysanthemoides'' is one of eight genera of the Calenduleae, with a centre of diversity in South Africa. The genus contains only two species, but is known for the invasive "Bitou Bush" '' Chrysanthemoides monilifera''. Studies of this genus have determined that there is a large amount of genetic variation between populations, suggesting an extreme adaptive capability in the plants. Some of these variations are recognised, such as ''Chrysanthemoides monilifera'' subsp. ''rotundata''. The name "''Chrysanthemoides''" means "having the appearance of chrysanthemum". ; Species * '' Chrysanthemoides incana'' (Burm.f.) Norl. - Cape Provinces, Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ... * '' Chrysanthemoides monilifera'' (L.) Norl. - Cape Provinces; naturalized in parts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimorphotheca
''Dimorphotheca'' is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Africa. is one of eight genera of the Calenduleae, with a centre of diversity in Southern Africa. Some species can hybridize with ''Osteospermum'', and crosses are sold as cultivated ornamentals. The name "''Dimorphotheca''" comes from the Greek "Dis" "Morphe" and "Theka", meaning "two shaped receptacle", referring to the dimorphic cypselae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ..., a trait inherent to members of the Calenduleae. Plants of this genus usually have bisexual flowers. ; Species References Asteraceae genera {{asteroideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garuleum
''Garuleum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, native to southern Africa. ''Garuleum'' is one of eight genera of Calenduleae. Description The style of disc florets are deeply bifurcate (forked) with linear lobes. They are covered with papillae to well below point of bifurcation. Species The following species are recognised: * '' Garuleum album'' S.Moore - Cape Provinces * '' Garuleum bipinnatum'' Less. - Cape Provinces * '' Garuleum latifolium'' Harv. - KwaZulu-Natal * '' Garuleum pinnatifidum'' DC. - Cape Provinces, Free State, Limpopo * '' Garuleum schinzii'' O.Hoffm. ex Schinz - Cape Provinces, Namibia * '' Garuleum sonchifolium'' (DC.) Norl. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces * '' Garuleum tanacetifolium'' (MacOwan) Norl. - Cape Provinces * '' Garuleum woodii'' Schinz - KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Limpopo, Lesotho Lesotho ( ), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a country landlocked country, landlocked as an Enclave and exclave, enclave in South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gibbaria
''Gibbaria'' is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, endemic to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri .... The only known species is '' Gibbaria scabra''.Kadereit J.W. & Jeffrey C.''Gibbaria'' Cass.in ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume VIII. Asterales'', Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 2007, p. 244. References * {{Taxonbar, from=Q5558690 Calenduleae Monotypic Asteraceae genera Endemic flora of South Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inuloides
''Inuloides'' refers to a genus of African plants placed in the marigold tribe within the daisy family. It is now considered to be part of the genus ''Osteospermum.'' The only known species was ''Inuloides tomentosa'', now '' Osteospermum tomentosa'', native to the Cape Province region of South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri .... References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q5919417, from2=Q3800826 Calenduleae Endemic flora of South Africa Monotypic Asteraceae genera Historically recognized angiosperm genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephrotheca
Sect. Nephrotheca is a section within the genus ''Osteospermum'', belonging to the Calendula tribe in the Daisy family. The only known species is ''Osteospermum ilicifolium'' (previously known as ''Nephrotheca ilicifolia''), native to the Cape Province in South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri .... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q6040966 Endemic flora of South Africa[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norlindhia
''Norlindhia'' is a genus of African plants in the pot marigold tribe within the daisy family. ; Species * '' Norlindhia amplectens'' (Harv.) B.Nord. - Cape Province * '' Norlindhia aptera'' B.Nord. - southern Namibia * '' Norlindhia breviradiata'' (Norl.) B.Nord. - Cape Province, southern Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q6044896 Calenduleae Asteraceae genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diterpenes
Diterpenes are a class of chemical compounds composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. They are known to be antimicrobial and antiinflammatory. Structures As with most terpenes a huge number of potential structures exists, which may be broadly divided according to the number of rings present. Biosynthesis Diterpenes are derived from the addition of one IPP unit to FPP to form geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP). From GGPP, structural diversity is achieved mainly by two classes of enzymes; the diterpene synthases and cytochromes P450. Several diterpenes are produced by plants and cyanobacteria. GGPP is also the precursor for the synthesis of the phytane by the action of the enzyme geranylger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
