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Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Battistuzzi Et Al.,2004)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 2004 by Battistuzzi and Hedges, note the coinage of the taxa Terrabacteria and Hydrobacteria. See also * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, the most cited of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese Carl Richard Woese (; July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist. ... * Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Battistuzzi et al.,2004) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 2002) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Bacterial Phyla Bacterial taxonomy Systems of bacterial taxonomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrabacteria
Terrabacteria is a taxon containing approximately two-thirds of prokaryote species, including those in the gram positive phyla (Actinomycetota and Bacillota) as well as the phyla "Cyanobacteria", Chloroflexota, and Deinococcota. It derives its name (''terra'' = "land") from the evolutionary pressures of life on land. Terrabacteria possess important adaptations such as resistance to environmental hazards (e.g., desiccation, ultraviolet radiation, and high salinity) and oxygenic photosynthesis. Also, the unique properties of the cell wall in gram-positive taxa, which likely evolved in response to terrestrial conditions, have contributed toward pathogenicity in many species. These results now leave open the possibility that terrestrial adaptations may have played a larger role in prokaryote evolution than currently understood. Terrabacteria was proposed in 2004 for Actinomycetota, "Cyanobacteria", and Deinococcota and was expanded later to include Bacillota and Chloroflexota. Othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphaproteobacteria
Alphaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria). The Magnetococcales and Mariprofundales are considered basal or sister to the Alphaproteobacteria. The Alphaproteobacteria are highly diverse and possess few commonalities, but nevertheless share a common ancestor. Like all ''Proteobacteria'', its members are gram-negative and some of its intracellular parasitic members lack peptidoglycan and are consequently gram variable. Characteristics The Alphaproteobacteria are a diverse taxon and comprises several phototrophic genera, several genera metabolising C1-compounds (''e.g.'', ''Methylobacterium'' spp.), symbionts of plants (''e.g.'', ''Rhizobium'' spp.), endosymbionts of arthropods (''Wolbachia'') and intracellular pathogens (''e.g. Rickettsia''). Moreover, the class is sister to the protomitochondrion, the bacterium that was engulfed by the eukaryotic ancestor and gave rise to the mitochondria, which are organelles in eukaryotic ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 2002)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 2002 and 2004 by Thomas Cavalier-Smith. In this frame of work, the branching order of the major lineage of bacteria are determined based on some morphological characters, such as cell wall structure, and not based on the molecular evidence (molecular phylogeny). Whereas modern molecular studies point towards the root of the tree of life being between a monophyletic Bacteria and Archaea+Eukarya (Neomura), in the Cavalier-Smith theory, the last common ancestor (cenansestor) was a Gram-negative diderm bacterium with peptidoglycan, while Archaea and Eukaryotes stem from Actinobacteria. See also * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, the most cited of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese Carl Richard Woese (; July 15, 1928 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Gupta, 2001)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 2001 by Gupta based on conserved indels or protein, termed "protein signatures", an alternative approach to molecular phylogeny. Some problematic exceptions and conflicts are present to these conserved indels, however, they are in agreement with several groupings of classes and phyla. One feature of the cladogram obtained with this method is the clustering of cell wall morphology (with some exceptions) from monoderms to transitional diderms to traditional diderms. In the cladogram below, yellow=pseudopeptidoglycan monoderms (Gram variable), red=thick peptidoglycan monoderms (Gram positive), blue=thin peptidoglycan diderms (Gram negative), green=atypical, see note in parentheses). See also * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) * Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree * Branching o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Ciccarelli Et Al
Branching order of bacterial phyla may refer to these models: *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 2002) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Battistuzzi et al., 2004) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006) *Branching order of bacterial phyla (Genome Taxonomy Database, 2018) There are several models of the branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these is the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB). The GTDB is an initiative to establish a standardised microbial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny, primarily funded by an Aus ... * Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla After ARB Silva Living Tree
The All-Species Living Tree' Project is a collaboration between various academic groups/institutes, such as ARB, SILVA rRNA database project, and LPSN, with the aim of assembling a database of 16S rRNA sequences of all validly published species of ''Bacteria'' and ''Archaea''. At one stage, 23S sequences were also collected, but this has since stopped. Currently there are over 10,950 species in the aligned dataset and several more are being added either as new species are discovered or species that are not represented in the database are sequenced. Initially the latter group consisted of 7% of species. Similar (and more recent) projects include the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA), which focused on whole genome sequencing of bacteria and archaea. Tree The tree was created by maximum likelihood analysis without bootstrap: consequently accuracy is traded off for size and many phylum level clades are not correctly resolved (such as the Firmicutes). (Eukaryotes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Rappe And Giovanoni, 2003)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, the most cited of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese Carl Richard Woese (; July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist. Woese is famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain of life) in 1977 through a pioneering phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, .... This cladogram was later expanded by Rappé and Giovanoni in 2003 to include newly discovered phyla. Clear names are added in parentheses, see ''list of bacterial phyla''. See also * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappé and Giovanoni, 2003) * Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Battistuzzi et al.,2004) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) * Branching order of bacterial phyla (Cavalier-Smith, 20 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Branching Order Of Bacterial Phyla (Woese, 1987)
There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese. The branching order proposed by Carl Woese was based on molecular phylogeny, which was considered revolutionary as all preceding models were based on discussions of morphology. (''v.'' Monera). Several models have been proposed since and no consensus is reached at present as to the branching order of the major bacterial lineages. The gene used was the 16S ribosomal DNA. Tree The names have been changed to reflect more current nomenclature used by molecular phylogenists. Note on names Despite the impact of the paper on bacterial classification, it was not a proposal for change of taxonomy. Consequently, many clades were given official names. Only subsequently, this occurred: for example, the "purple bacteria and relatives" were renamed Proteobacteria. Discussion In 1987, Carl Woese, regarded as the forerunner of the molecular phylogeny revolution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Firmicutes
The Bacillota (synonym Firmicutes) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have gram-positive cell wall structure. The renaming of phyla such as Firmicutes in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The name "Firmicutes" was derived from the Latin words for "tough skin," referring to the thick cell wall typical of bacteria in this phylum. Scientists once classified the Firmicutes to include all gram-positive bacteria, but have recently defined them to be of a core group of related forms called the low- G+C group, in contrast to the Actinomycetota. They have round cells, called cocci (singular coccus), or rod-like forms (bacillus). A few Firmicutes, such as ''Megasphaera'', ''Pectinatus'', ''Selenomonas'' and ''Zymophilus'', have a porous pseudo-outer membrane that causes them to stain gram-negative. Many Bacillota (Firmicutes) produce endospores, which are resistant to desiccation and can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chloroflexi (phylum)
The Chloroflexota are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis (green non-sulfur bacteria); and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics (such as the toxic chlorinated ethenes and polychlorinated biphenyls) as electron acceptors. The members of the phylum ''Chloroflexota'' are monoderms (that is, have one cell membrane with no outer membrane), but they stain mostly gram-negative. Many well-studied phyla of bacteria are diderms and stain gram-negative, whereas well-known monoderms that stain Gram-positive include ''Firmicutes'' (or ''Bacillota'') ( low G+C gram-positives), ''Actinomycetota'' (high-G+C gram-positives) and ''Deinococcota'' (gram-positive diderms with thick peptidoglycan). History The taxon name was created in the 2001 edition of Volume 1 of Bergey's Manual of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria (), also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name ''cyanobacteria'' refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blue-green algae, although they are not usually scientifically classified as algae. They appear to have originated in a freshwater or terrestrial environment. Sericytochromatia, the proposed name of the paraphyletic and most basal group, is the ancestor of both the non-photosynthetic group Melainabacteria and the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, also called Oxyphotobacteria. Cyanobacteria use photosynthetic pigments, such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and various forms of chlorophyll, which absorb energy from light. Unlike heterotrophic prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have internal membranes. These are flattened sacs called thylakoids where photosynthesis is performed. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as green plants perform photosynthesis in plast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deinococcus-Thermus
''Deinococcota'' (synonym, ''Deinococcus-Thermus'') is a phylum of bacteria with a single class, ''Deinococci'', that are highly resistant to environmental hazards, also known as extremophiles. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them gram-positive stains, but they include a second membrane and so are closer in structure to those of gram-negative bacteria. Taxonomy The phylum ''Deinococcota'' consists of a single class ('' Deinococci'') and two orders: * The '' Deinococcales'' include two families ('' Deinococcaceae'' and'' Trueperaceae''), with three genera, '' Deinococcus'', '' Deinobacterium'' and '' Truepera''.Garrity GM, Holt JG. (2001) Phylum BIV. "Deinococcus–Thermus". In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, pp. 395-420. Eds D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz. Springer-: New York.Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn TG. (2005) Phylum BIV. The revised road map to the Manual. In: Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, pp. 159-220. Eds Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
