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Bible Translations Into Native South American Languages
Cariban languages Kuikúro-Kalapálo Luke was translated into the Kuikuro language by missionaries with Worldwinds International. It was completed in 2007. Aymara The Gospel of Luke in Aymara, translated by Vicente Pazos Kanki, a former priest from Alto Perú, in cooperation with the Scottish baptist pastor James Thompson, was published in 1828, which was the first publication of a whole book of the Bible in a Native American language. The first translation of the New Testament appeared in 1954, and the translation of the whole Bible into Aymara was published the first time in 1986, second time in 1997. A modernized edition in the contemporary orthography and with deuterocanonicals appeared in 2003. Aymara Bible editions from both 1997 and 2011 have been accessible on Bible portals since about 2012. Quechuan languages The Catechism and the ''Doctrina christiana'' were published in 1584, shortly after Spanish conquest, in a version in Quechua and Aymara approved by the Council of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuikuro Language
Amonap, also known as Apalakiri, is a Cariban language spoken by the Kuikuro and Kalapalo peoples of Brazil, and formerly by the Matipu. It is spoken in seven villages along the Culuene River in the Xingu Indigenous Park of Mato Grosso.Seki, Lucy. 2011Alto Xingu: uma área linguística?In: Franchetto, Bruna (ed.), Alto Xingu: uma sociedade multilíngue', p. 57-85. Rio de Janeiro: Museu do Índio/FUNAI. Although bilingualism in Brazilian Portuguese is prevalent among the men of the community, Amonap is not as immediately endangered as are many Brazilian languages. As of 2006, there are an estimated 1,100 native speakers of the language, including 600 Kuikúro and 500 Kalapálo, who speak the same language but are ethnically distinct. The Endangered Languages Project lists the language as "threatened". In collaboration with linguist Bruna Franchetto, the Kuikuro have created a library of recordings that feature Kuikuro stories in the language that is archived at the Archive of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel
Gospel originally meant the Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was set out. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later authors. The four canonical gospels were probably written between AD 66 and 110. All four were anonymous (with the modern names added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long oral and written transmission. Mark was the first to be written, using a variety of sources. The authors of Matthew and Luke both independently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florencio Segura
Florencio is a name which may refer to: Given name * Florencio de Valeránica, 10th century Castilian monk, scribe and miniaturist * Florencio Abad (born 1954), Filipino lawyer and politician * Florêncio Carlos de Abreu e Silva (1839–1881), Brazilian lawyer, journalist, writer and politician * Florencio Flores Aguilar, Panamanian colonel, commander of the Panamanian Guardia Nacional in 1981 *Florencio Amarilla (1935–2012), Paraguayan footballer and coach *Florencio Harmodio Arosemena (1872–1945), President of Panama from 1928 to 1931 *Florencio Campomanes (1927–2010), Filipino political scientist and chess player and organizer * Florencio Molina Campos (1891–1959), Argentine illustrator and painter who also worked with Walt Disney * Florencio del Castillo (1778–1834), Costa Rican cleric and politician *Florencio Constantino (1869–1919), Spanish operatic tenor * Florencio Cornelia (born 1981), Dutch footballer *Florencio Durán, Chilean politician, President of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pastor
A pastor (abbreviated as "Pr" or "Ptr" , or "Ps" ) is the leader of a Christian congregation who also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation. In Lutheranism, Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy and Anglicanism, pastors are always ordained. In Methodism, pastors may be either licensed or ordained. Pastors are to act like shepherds by caring for the flock, and this care includes teaching. The New Testament typically uses the words "bishops" ( Acts 20:28) and "presbyter" ( 1 Peter 5:1) to indicate the ordained leadership in early Christianity. Likewise, Peter instructs these particular servants to "act like shepherds" as they "oversee" the flock of God ( 1 Peter 5:2). The words "bishop" and "presbyter" were sometimes used in an interchangeable way, such as in Titus 1:5-6. However, there is ongoing dispute between branches of Christianity over whether there are two ordained classes (presbyters and deacons) or three (bishops, priests, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quechua People
Quechua people (, ; ) or Quichua people, may refer to any of the aboriginal people of South America who speak the Quechua languages, which originated among the Indigenous people of Peru. Although most Quechua speakers are native to Peru, there are some significant populations in Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina. The most common Quechua dialect is Southern Quechua. The Kichwa people of Ecuador speak the Kichwa dialect; in Colombia, the Inga people speak Inga Kichwa. The Quechua word for a Quechua speaker is ''runa'' or ''nuna'' ("person"); the plural is ''runakuna'' or ''nunakuna'' ("people"). "Quechua speakers call themselves Runa -- simply translated, 'the people.'" Some historical Quechua people are: * The Chanka people, who lived in the Huancavelica, Ayacucho, and Apurímac regions of Peru. * The Huanca people of the Junín Region of Peru, who spoke Quechua before the Incas did. * The Inca, who established the largest empire of the pre-Columbian era. * T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presbyterianism
Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government by representative assemblies of elders. Many Reformed churches are organised this way, but the word ''Presbyterian'', when capitalized, is often applied to churches that trace their roots to the Church of Scotland or to English Dissenter groups that formed during the English Civil War. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayacucho Region
Ayacucho () is a department and region of Peru, located in the south-central Andes of the country. Its capital is the city of Ayacucho. The region was one of the hardest hit in the 1980s during the guerrilla war waged by Shining Path known as the internal conflict in Peru. A referendum was held on 30 October 2005, in order to decide whether the department would merge with the departments of Ica and Huancavelica to form the new Ica-Ayacucho-Huancavelica Region, as part of the decentralization process in Peru. The proposal failed and no merger was carried out. Political division The department is divided into 11 provinces ( es, provincias, singular: ''provincia''), which are composed of 111 districts (''distritos'', singular: ''distrito''). Provinces The provinces, with their capitals in parenthesis, are: # Cangallo ( Cangallo) # Huamanga (Ayacucho) # Huanca Sancos ( Huanca Sancos) # Huanta (Huanta) # La Mar ( San Miguel) # Lucanas (Puquio) # Parinacochas ( Coracora) # ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huallaga Quechua
Huallaga Quechua is a dialect within the Alto Pativilca–Alto Marañón–Alto Huallaga dialect cluster of the Quechua languages. The dialect is spoken in the Central Huánuco region of Perú, primarily in the Huánuco Province districts of Huánuco, Churubamba, Santa María del Valle, San Francisco de Cayrán, and Conchamarca.Weber, D. J. (1989). A Grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua. Berkeley: University of California Press Speakers' influences As of 1993, Huallaga Quechua was spoken monolingually by 66% of the population of its native speakers, the remainder of whom are bilingual primarily in Spanish. While communication in Quechua still maintains its cultural value within communities, Spanish is preferred for inter-community use. Because of the widespread bilingualism, a portion of Spanish vocabulary (mostly consisting of terms for recently developed technology) has become incorporated in Huallaga Quechua, and conversely the local Spanish has also loaned words from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Quechua
Quechua I, also known as Quechua Wáywash, or Quechua B,Alberto Escobar (comp.) '' El reto del multilingüismo en el Perú'' (1972) is one of the two branches or genealogical groups of the Quechua languages. It is composed of a great diversity of linguistic varieties distributed in the mountains of central Peru, in the departments of Ancash, Huánuco, Pasco, Junín and Lima. This Quechua I differs from the Quechua II by the use of long vowels and in several morphemes. According to the linguists Torero and Carranza, they are older than Quechua II. Classification The Quechua of Pacaraos is the most divergent variety of Quechua I, in the first works of Torero was considered within sub-A of Quechua II, the group "of transition", but later works by Adelaar and Taylor allowed it to be located in the branch I. The remaining and majority group, the Quechua central languages in the strict sense, form a dialectal continuum with isoglosses that do not allow dividing into discrete grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psalms
The Book of Psalms ( or ; he, תְּהִלִּים, , lit. "praises"), also known as the Psalms, or the Psalter, is the first book of the ("Writings"), the third section of the Tanakh, and a book of the Old Testament. The title is derived from the Greek translation, (), meaning "instrumental music" and, by extension, "the words accompanying the music". The book is an anthology of individual Hebrew religious hymns, with 150 in the Jewish and Western Christian tradition and more in the Eastern Christian churches. Many are linked to the name of David, but modern mainstream scholarship rejects his authorship, instead attributing the composition of the psalms to various authors writing between the 9th and 5th centuries BC. In the Quran, the Arabic word ‘Zabur’ is used for the Psalms of David in the Hebrew Bible. Structure Benedictions The Book of Psalms is divided into five sections, each closing with a doxology (i.e., a benediction). These divisions were probably intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Bolivian Quechua
South Bolivian Quechua, also known as Central Bolivian Quechua, is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Bolivia and adjacent areas of Argentina, where it is also known as ''Colla''. It is not to be confused with North Bolivian Quechua, which is spoken on the northern Andean slopes of Bolivia and is phonologically distinct from the South Bolivian variety. Estimates of the number of speakers of South Bolivian Quechua range from 2.3Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010"Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn."Paris, UNESCO Publishing. Online version." to 2.8 million,"Bolivia" at '''' (17th ed., 2013) making it the most spoken [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cusco Quechua
Cuzco Quechua ( qu, Qusqu qhichwa simi) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cuzco and the Cuzco Region of Peru. It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cuzco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet. On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has only three vowels. Phonology There is debate about whether Cuzco Quechua has five /a, e, i, o, u/ or three vowels: /a, i, u/. Grammar Pronouns Nouns Adjectives Verbs See also * Quechuan and Aymaran spelling shift In recent years, Peru has revised the official spelling for place-names originating from Aymara and the Quechuan languages. A standardized alphabet for Quechua was adopted by the Peruvian government in 1975; a revision in 1985 moved to a three-v ... References External links Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa (Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur), Qosqo, Peru, 2006(pdf 3,8 MB). Dictionary of the AMLQ: Cusco-Quechua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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