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Béla, Duke Of Slavonia
Béla ( 1249 –1269) was the youngest and favorite child of King Béla IV of Hungary. His father appointed him Duke of Slavonia in 1260, but he only started to govern his duchy from 1268. He died childless. Early life Béla was the youngest child and the second son of King Béla IV of Hungary. His mother was Maria Laskarina, daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea. The year of his birth is uncertain, but he was his parents' youngest child. Taking into account that his sister, Margaret of Hungary (saint), Margaret was born in 1242, Mór Wertner, Gyula Kristó and other historians write that Béla was born around 1243. Béla himself stated in a charter of 1269 that "we has not turned twenty-five, we are about twenty", suggesting that he had actually been born around 1249. King Béla's letter to Pope Innocent IV, which was written in about 1254, contains the first record of Béla's life. The letter refers to a plan of the child Béla's marriage with an unnamed niece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Slavonia
The Duke of Slavonia (; ), also meaning the Duke of Dalmatia and Croatia (; ) was a title of Nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary, nobility granted several times in the 12th and 14th centuries, mainly to relatives of King of Hungary, Hungarian monarchs or other noblemen. The title of duke of "whole of Slavonia" didn't mean Slavonia in the narrow sense, but specifically all Slavic lands of the Kingdom of Hungary, being a synonym for the Kingdom of Croatia and Dalmatia (and Slavonian domain). An example being 1231 charter by Coloman of Galicia, Coloman in which protected "''omnes templarios, qui infra ducatum Sclavonie sunt, tam in Dalmatia, quam in Croatia''" ("all the Templars who are within the Duchy of Sclavonia, both in Dalmatia and in Croatia"). The title of duke signified a more extensive power than that of the Ban of Slavonia or Ban of Croatia. In cca. 1185 during Hungarian king Béla III of Hungary, Béla III, the "''dux Sclauonie''" paid to the king each year ten thousand silv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Civil War (1264–1265)
The Hungarian Civil War of 1264–1265 () was a brief Árpád dynasty, dynastic conflict between King Béla IV of Hungary and his son Stephen V of Hungary, Duke Stephen at the turn of 1264 into 1265. Béla's relationship with his oldest son and heir, Stephen, became tense in the early 1260s, because the elderly king favored his daughter Anna of Hungary, Duchess of Macsó, Anna and his youngest child, Béla, Duke of Slavonia. Stephen accused Béla of planning to disinherit him. After a brief skirmish, Stephen forced his father to cede all the Kingdom of Hungary's lands east of the Danube to him and adopted the title of junior king in 1262. Nevertheless, their relationship remained tense, causing a civil war by the end of 1264. The conflict resulted in Stephen's victory over his father's royal army. They concluded a peace treaty in 1266, which failed to restore confidence between them. Béla died in 1270. The 1264–1265 civil war was one trigger for the emerging feudal anarc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Urban IV
Pope Urban IV (; c. 1195 – 2 October 1264), born Jacques Pantaléon, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1261 to his death three years later. He was elected pope without being a cardinal; he was the first to be elected in such a way, and this would occur for only 5 more popes afterwards ( Gregory X, Celestine V, Urban V, Clement V, and Urban VI). Early career Pantaléon was the son of a cobbler of Troyes, France. He studied theology and common law in Paris and was appointed a canon of Laon and later Archdeacon of Liège. At the First Council of Lyon (1245), he attracted the attention of Pope Innocent IV, who sent him twice on missions to Germany. In one of these missions, he negotiated the Treaty of Christburg between the pagan Prussians and the Teutonic Knights. He became Bishop of Verdun in 1253. In 1255, Pope Alexander IV made him Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. Pantaléon returned from Jerusalem, which was in dire straits, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolna County (former)
Tolna () was an administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was about the same as that of present Tolna county, is now in central Hungary. The capital of the county was Tolnavár and later Szekszárd. Geography Tolna county shared borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Veszprém, Fejér, Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun and Baranya. The river Danube formed most of its eastern border. Its area was 3537 km² around 1910. History Tolna county arose as one of the first comitatuses of the Kingdom of Hungary, in the 11th century. Part of Hungary was in the 1500s taken and controlled by the Ottoman Empire during the ruling of Suleiman the Magnificent. Demographics 1900 In 1900, the county had a population of 253,182 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities: Total: * Hungarian: 172,967 (68.3%) * German: 77,293 (30.5%) * Serbian: 1,011 (0.4%) * Slovak: 735 (0.3%) * Croatian: 369 (0.2%) * Romanian: 1 (0.0%) * Ruthenian: 0 (0.0%) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vas County (former)
Vas (, , or ) was an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between Hungary, Austria and Slovenia. Geography Vas County shared borders with the Austrian lands Lower Austria and Styria (duchy), Styria and the Hungarian counties Sopron County, Sopron, Veszprém County (former), Veszprém and Zala County (former), Zala. It stretched between the river Mur River, Mura in the south, the foothills of the Alps in the west and the river Marcal in the east. The Rába River flowed through the county. Its area was 5474 km² around 1910. History Vas County arose as one of the first ''comitatuses'' of the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon, the western part of the county became part of First Austrian Republic, Austria, and a small part in the southwest became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 as Yugoslavia). The remainder stayed in Hungary. The fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zala County (former)
Zala was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, bordered by the river Drave to the south. The territory of the former county is now divided between Hungary, Croatia and Slovenia. The capital of the county was Zalaegerszeg. Geography Zala county shared borders with the Austrian land Styria and the Hungarian counties Vas, Veszprém, Somogy, Belovár-Körös and Varasd (the latter two in Croatia-Slavonia). The river Drava (Hungarian: Dráva) river formed its southern border, Lake Balaton its eastern border. The rivers Mura and Zala flowed through the county. Its area was 5974 km2 around 1910. History Zala county arose as one of the first (counties) of the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1850, shortly after the 1848 revolutions, the mostly Croatian-speaking area between the Mur and Drava rivers – the Međimurje region (; , ) – was transferred to the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia;Gesetz vom 12. Juni 1850, RGBl. 245/1850: it was returned to Zala in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somogy County (former)
Somogy was an administrative county (Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary), comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which was slightly larger than that of present Somogy county, is now in south-western Hungary. The capital of the county was Kaposvár. Geography Somogy County shared borders with the Hungarian counties of Zala (former county), Zala, Veszprém County (former), Veszprém, Tolna County (former), Tolna, Baranya County (former), Baranya, Virovitica County, Verőce and Belovár-Körös (the latter two part of Croatia-Slavonia). It extended along the southern shore of Lake Balaton and encompassed the region south of the lake. The river Drava (Hungarian: Dráva) formed most of its southern border. Its area was 6530 km2 around 1910. History In the 10th century, the Hungarian Nyék tribe occupied the region around Lake Balaton, mainly the areas which are known today as Zala County, Zala and Somogy counties. Somogy County arose as one of the first comitatuses of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baranya County (former)
Baranya (, , / ''Baranja'', ) was an administrative county ( comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between present-day Baranya County of Hungary and Osijek-Baranja County of Croatia. The capital of the county was Pécs. Geography Baranya county was located in Baranya region. It shared borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, Bács-Bodrog and Verőce (the latter county was part of Croatia-Slavonia). The county stretched along the rivers Drava (north bank) and Danube (west bank), up to their confluence. Its area was 5,176 km2 around 1910. Historical background Baranya county arose as one of the first counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, in the 11th century. Stephen I of Hungary founded an episcopal seat here. In the 15th century, Janus Pannonius was the Bishop of Pécs. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire conquered Baranya, and included it in the sanjak A sanjak or sancak (, , "flag, banner") was an administrative div ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sopron
Sopron (; , ) is a city in Hungary on the Austrian border, near Lake Neusiedl/Lake Fertő. History Ancient times-13th century In the Iron Age a hilltop settlement with a burial ground existed in the neighbourhood of Sopron-Várhely. When the area that is today Western Hungary was a province of the Roman Empire, a city called ''Scarbantia'' stood here. The site of its forum is now the main square of Sopron. During the Migration Period, Scarbantia was believed to be deserted. When Hungarians arrived in the area, the city was in ruins. From the 9th to the 11th centuries, Hungarians strengthened the old Roman city walls and built a castle. The city was named in Hungarian after a castle steward named ''Suprun''. In 1153, it was mentioned as an important city. In 1273, King Otakar II of Bohemia occupied the castle. Even though he took the children of Sopron's nobility with him as hostages, the city opened its gates when the armies of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary arrived. L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosonmagyaróvár
Mosonmagyaróvár (; ; also known by other alternative names) is a town in Győr-Moson-Sopron County in northwestern Hungary. It lies close to both the Austrian and Slovak borders and has a population of 32,752 (). Mosonmagyaróvár used to be two separate towns, Magyaróvár (, ) and Moson (, ). The town of Moson was the original capital of Moson County in the Kingdom of Hungary, but the county seat was moved to Magyaróvár during the Middle Ages. The two towns were combined in 1939, and by now almost all signs of dualism have disappeared, as the space between the two towns has become physically and culturally developed. Due to the name's length, Mosonmagyaróvár is also referred to as ''Óvár'' amongst locals and ''Moson'' by foreigners. The Hansági Museum is located in Mosonmagyaróvár. Etymology and names The name ''Moson'' comes from Slavic ''*mъšьnъ'' 'mossy', in the wider meaning also 'moss-covered mud, marsh', elided from ''mъšьnъ (gradъ)'' 'castle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bratislava Castle
Bratislava Castle (, ; ; ) is the main castle of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. The massive rectangular building with four corner towers stands on an isolated rocky hill of the Little Carpathians, directly above the Danube river, in the middle of Bratislava. Because of its size and location, it has been a dominant feature of the city for centuries. The location provides excellent views of Bratislava, Austria and, in clear weather, parts of Hungary. Many legends are connected with the history of the castle. Castle site The following are at the castle site: Castle building The castle building includes four towers (one on each corner) and a courtyard with an deep water well. The largest and tallest tower is the Crown Tower, on the southwest corner. The tower dates from the 13th century and for approximately 200 years, beginning in the mid-1500s, housed the crown jewels of Hungary. The exterior walls and inside corridors contain fragments of old Gothic and Renais ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovakia
Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's mostly mountainous territory spans about , hosting a population exceeding 5.4 million. The capital and largest city is Bratislava, while the second largest city is Košice. The Slavs arrived in the territory of the present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. From the late 6th century, parts of modern Slovakia were incorporated into the Pannonian Avars, Avar Khaghanate. In the 7th century, the Slavs played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire. When the Avar Khaghanate dissolved in the 9th century, the Slavs established the Principality of Nitra before it was annexed by the Great Moravia, Principality of Moravia, which later became Great Moravia. When Great Moravia fell in the 10th century, the territory was integrated i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
