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Bravasaurus
''Bravasaurus'' (meaning Laguna Brava lizard) is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation of La Rioja, Argentina. It contains one species, ''Bravasaurus arreirosorum''. Etymology The generic name ''Bravasaurus'' is derived from the Laguna Brava National Park in Argentina. The specific name refers to the people, the ''arreiros'' or drivers in Spanish, who carried cattle through the Andes in the 19th century. Description ''Bravasaurus'' was roughly long. It is known from the holotype CRILAR-Pv 612, which consists of the right quadrate and quadratojugal, four cervical, five dorsal, and three caudal vertebrae, few dorsal ribs, three haemal arches, the left humerus, a fragmentary ulna, the metacarpal IV, a partial left ilium with sacral ribs, the right pubis, a partial ischium, the left femur, and both fibulae, and the paratype CRILAR-Pv 613, which consists of an isolated tooth, the right ilium, the right femur, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeolosaurini
Aeolosaurini is an extinct clade of titanosaurian dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous period of Argentina and Brazil. Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos (2011) in their cladistic analysis found ''Aeolosaurus'', ''Gondwanatitan'', '' Maxakalisaurus'', '' Panamericansaurus'' and '' Rinconsaurus'' to be aeolosaurids. Aeolosaurini is characterized by several synapomorphies of the caudal vertebrae, such as angled centra, elongate prezygapophyses, and neural arches shifted anteriorly relative to the centra. In life, their tails may have been strongly curved downward as a result of these traits, which may have increased the force exerted by the caudofemoralis longus muscle in retracting the hindlimb. Some aeolosaurins, such as ''Shingopana'' and ''Overosaurus'', were relatively small compared to other titanosaurs, whereas others, such as ''Aeolosaurus maximus'', were large. Phylogeny Aeolosaurini was defined by Franco-Rosas, Salgado, Rosas and Carvalho (2004) as the ste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bravoceratops
''Bravoceratops'' is a genus of large chasmosaurine ceratopsid dinosaur that lived approximately 70 million years ago, and is known from the Late Cretaceous Javelina Formation in what is now Texas, United States. Discovery and naming ''Bravoceratops'' is only known from the holotype specimen Texas Memorial Museum, TMM 46015-1; it is housed in the collection of the Texas Memorial Museum, Austin, Texas. The skull consists of a number of fragments, altogether including: the , parts of each brow horn, the rear end of the left , assorted parts of the nasal area and horn, the , and quadratojugals from each side, a section of the and , multiple parts of the dentary, and some of the right . It was recovered from the lowermost rocks of the Javelina Formation, in Big Bend National Park; ceratopsid fossils are uncommon in this formation, giving the discovery of ''Bravoceratops'' importance in clarifying the groups' diversity. The specimen was found in sandy conglomerate sediment at the Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malawisaurus
''Malawisaurus'' (meaning "Malawi lizard") is an extinct genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur. It is known from the Dinosaur Beds of northern Malawi, which probably date to the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. The type species is ''M. dixeyi'' and the specific name honours Frederick Augustus Dixey. Discovery and naming ''Malawisaurus dixeyi'' was originally described in 1928 by Sidney H. Haughton as a species of ''Gigantosaurus'' (an invalid name for the diplodocid currently known as ''Tornieria''). Haughton considered it closely related to the species ''G. robustus'' (later the type species of ''Janenschia''). The holotype was discovered in the "Dinosaur Beds" of Malawi (then known as the Nyasaland Protectorate), which are usually considered to be of Barremian-Aptian age based on K–Ar dating, though they have also been suggested to be Late Cretaceous in age based on the vertebrate assemblage, and possibly also the Lupata Group. In 1993 it was placed in the newly na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rinconsaurus
''Rinconsaurus'' is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous in what is now Argentina. The type species, ''Rinconsaurus caudamirus'', was described by Calvo and Riga in 2003, and is based on three partial skeletons. Description Like all sauropods, ''Rinconsaurus'' was a large long-necked quadrupedal animal, with a long, whip-like tail and four pillar-like legs. ''Rinconsaurus'' was an unusually slender sauropod. Although fossil discoveries are incomplete, and no complete necks or heads have been found, fully grown ''Rinconsaurus'' are estimated to have been 11 meters (36 ft) long and approximately 2.5 meters (8 ft) high at the shoulder. The body mass of ''Rinconsaurus'' has been estimated to be between 3.21 and 5.39 tonnes. Discovery and species Fossils of ''Rinconsaurus'' were discovered in 1997 by Gabriel Benítezin strata belonging to the Bajo de la Carpa Formation near Rincón de los Sauces, in the Neuquen province of Argentina. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lognkosauria
Lognkosauria is a clade of giant long-necked sauropod dinosaurs within the clade Titanosauria. It includes some of the largest and heaviest dinosaurs known. Description Lognkosaurians can be distinguished from other titanosaurs by the wide and unusually thick cervical rib loops on their neck vertebrae, their extremely robust neck neural spines, the relatively narrow neural canal, and their huge vaulted neural arches. They also had very wide dorsal vertebrae with wing-like side processes, and extremely wide rib cages. Their dorsal side processes are also fairly in-line with the level of the neural canal, instead of being attached further up the neural arch as in lithostrotians. Skull material from ''Malawisaurus'', the sister taxon to Lognkosauria, indicates that lognkosaurians at least began with the big-nosed, rounded head shape of earlier titanosaurs and more basal macronarians. Classification Lognkosauria was defined as the clade encompassing the most recent common ancestor o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notocolossus
''Notocolossus'' is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from late Cretaceous strata of Mendoza Province, Argentina. Discovery and naming A fossil of a large sauropod was discovered by the Argentine paleontologist Dr. Bernardo Javier González Riga in Mendoza province In 2016, the type species ''Notocolossus gonzalezparejasi'' was named and described by Bernardo Javier González Riga, Matthew Carl Lamanna, Leonardo Daniel Ortiz David, Jorge Orlando Calvo and Juan P. Coria. The generic name combines the Greek words νότος, ''notos'', "south wind", and κολοσσός, ''kolossos'', "giant statue", in reference to the provenance from the Southern Hemisphere and the gigantic size of the animal. The specific name honours Jorge González Parejas, for having studied the dinosaur fossils of Mendoza province for two decades. The holotype, UNCUYO-LD 301, was found in a layer of the Plottier Formation dating from the Coniacian-Santonian, about eighty-six million y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonitasaura
''Bonitasaura'' is a titanosaurian dinosaur hailing from uppermost layers of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Neuquén Group of the eastern Neuquén Basin, located in Río Negro Province, Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. The remains, consisting of a partial sub-adult skeleton jumbled in a small area of fluvial sandstone, including lower jaw with teeth, partial vertebrae series and limb bones, were described by Sebastian Apesteguía in 2004. The genus name ''Bonitasaura'' refers to the fossil quarry's name, "La Bonita", while the name of the type species, ''B. salgadoi'', pays homage to Leonardo Salgado, a renowned Argentine paleontologist.Gallina, P. A. (2011)Notes on the axial skeleton of the titanosaur Bonitasaura salgadoi (Dinosauria-Sauropoda).''Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências'', ''83''(1), 235-246. Description ''Bonitasaura'' measured in length, and had a skull similar to another group of sauropods, the diplodocids. The lower jaw ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baurutitan
''Baurutitan'' is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Brazil. The type species, ''Baurutitan britoi'', was described in 2005 by Kellner and colleagues, although the fossil remains had already been discovered in 1957. ''Baurutitan'' is classified as a lithostrotian titanosaur, and is distinguished from related genera based on its distinctive caudal vertebrae. This South American dinosaur was found in the Serra da Galga Formation near Uberaba, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Discovery The holotype of ''Baurutitan'' were found in 1957 by Llewellyn Ivor Price, the famous Brazilian paleontologist, in the region of Peirópolis, Minas Gerais. However, it was not until 2005 that ''Baurutitan'' was officially published and named. The works of Price in Peirópolis began in 1947 after Jesuíno Felicíssimo Junior, from the Instituto Geográfico e Geológico of São Paulo, told him about the presence of fossils in the region. Price then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colossosauria
Colossosauria is a clade of titanosaur sauropods from the latest Early Cretaceous through the Late Cretaceous of South America. The group was originally named by Bernardo González-Riga ''et al.'' in 2019 in paleontology, 2019 and defined as the "most inclusive clade containing ''Mendozasaurus neguyelap'' but not ''Saltasaurus loricatus'' or ''Epachthosaurus sciuttoi''". The clade contains different taxa depending on the phylogenetic analysis used, in the defining paper the only subgroups were Rinconsauria and Lognkosauria, but alternate phylogenies published previously had also included various similar titanosaurs such as ''Aeolosaurus'', ''Bonitasaura'', ''Drusilasaura'', ''Overosaurus'' and ''Quetecsaurus''. The phylogenetic analysis of González-Riga ''et al.'' (2019) placed Colossosauria as sister taxa to ''Epachthosaurus'', ''Pitekunsaurus'' and a larger clade including Saltasauridae. Due to the labile position of ''Epachthosaurus'' in titanosaur phylogeny, Carballido and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saltasauridae
Saltasauridae (named after the Salta region of Argentina where they were first found) is a family of armored herbivorous sauropods from the Upper Cretaceous. They are known from fossils found in South America, Asia, North America, and Europe. They are characterized by their vertebrae and feet, which are similar to those of ''Saltasaurus'', the first of the group to be discovered and the source of the name. The last and largest of the group and only one found in North America, '' Alamosaurus'', was in length and one of the last sauropods to go extinct. Most of the saltasaurids were smaller, around in length, and one, '' Rocasaurus'', was only long. Like all sauropods, the saltasaurids were quadrupeds, their necks and tails were held almost parallel to the ground, and their small heads had only tiny, peg-like teeth. They were herbivorous, stripping leaves off of plants and digesting them in their enormous guts. Although large animals, they were smaller than other sauropods of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tapuiasaurus
''Tapuiasaurus'' (meaning " Tapuia lizard") is a genus of titanosaur which lived during the Lower Cretaceous period (Aptian age) in what is now Minas Gerais, Brazil. Its fossils, including a partial skeleton with a nearly complete skull, have been recovered from the Quiricó Formation of the São Francisco Basin in Minas Gerais, eastern Brazil. This genus was named by Hussam Zaher, Diego Pol, Alberto B. Carvalho, Paulo M. Nascimento, Claudio Riccomini, Peter Larson, Rubén Juárez Valieri, Ricardo Pires Domingues, Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr. and Diógenes de Almeida Campos in 2011, and the type species is ''Tapuiasaurus macedoi''. Classification ''Tapuiasaurus'' was originally assigned to Nemegtosauridae by its original describers, but two subsequent cladistic analyses have recovered it as only distantly related to ''Nemegtosaurus'', with Wilson ''et al.'' (2016) recovering the genus outside the Lithostrotia, and Carballido ''et al.'' (2017) recovering it as closely relate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isisaurus
''Isisaurus'' (named after the Indian Statistical Institute) is a genus of titanosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation of India. The genus contains a single species, ''Isisaurus colberti''. Discovery and Naming The type specimen of ''Isisaurus colberti'', ISI R 335/1-65, was originally described and named as ''Titanosaurus colberti'' by Sohan Lal Jain and Saswati Bandyopadhyay in 1997. The specific name honours Edwin Harris Colbert. In 2003, the fossils were designated as belonging to its own genus by Wilson and Upchurch. The generic name, "''Isisaurus''," combines a reference to the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) with the Greek "saurus," meaning "lizard." It had a short, vertically directed neck and long forelimbs, making it considerably different from other sauropods. The humerus is 148 centimetres long. ''Isisaurus'' is known from better remains than many other titanosaurs that were known at the time of its description. Much of its postcranial ske ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
