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Bonassola
Bonassola ( lij, Bonasseua ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about southeast of Genoa and about northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 945 and an area of .All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat. The municipality of Bonassola contains the ''frazioni'' (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Montaretto, Costella, Serra, Scernio, and San Giorgio. Bonassola borders the following municipalities: Framura, Levanto. History During World War II, two American fifteen men missions tried to land and blow up a railway tunnel between Framura Framura ( lij, Framua ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italy, Italian region Liguria, located about southeast of Genoa and about northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 739 and a ... and Bonassola. Both missions failed; the second mission's sol ...
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Bonassola 055
Bonassola ( lij, Bonasseua ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about southeast of Genoa and about northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 945 and an area of .All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat. The municipality of Bonassola contains the ''frazioni'' (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Montaretto, Costella, Serra, Scernio, and San Giorgio. Bonassola borders the following municipalities: Framura, Levanto. History During World War II, two American fifteen men missions tried to land and blow up a railway tunnel between Framura Framura ( lij, Framua ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italy, Italian region Liguria, located about southeast of Genoa and about northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 739 and a ... and Bonassola. Both missions failed; the second mission's sol ...
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Operations Ginny I And II
Operations Ginny I and II were two ill-fated sabotage missions conducted by the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1944 during the Italian Campaign (World War II), Italian campaign of World War II. Their aim was to blow up railway tunnels that would cut the line of communication to German forces in central Italy. The first mission, ''Ginny I'', occurred on February 27/28, 1944, when fifteen U.S. soldiers attempted to land west of the small town of Framura. However, the OSS team had to abort after they landed on the wrong spot and could not find the tunnel. The second attempt, ''Ginny II'', occurred a month later on March 22 when the same team attempted to land on the same spot. However, they landed again in the wrong place and were captured two days later by the German Army. Although the OSS members were properly uniformed, they were Summary execution, summarily executed on March 26 under Adolf Hitler, Hitler's Commando Order of 1942 at the command of General (Germany), Germa ...
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Framura
Framura ( lij, Framua ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italy, Italian region Liguria, located about southeast of Genoa and about northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 739 and an area of .All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute National Institute of Statistics (Italy), Istat. The municipality of Framura contains the ''frazione, frazioni'' (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Anzo, Ravecca, Setta, Costa, and Castagnola. Framura borders the following municipalities: Bonassola, Carrodano, Deiva Marina, Levanto (Italy), Levanto. History During World War II, American 15-men missions called Operations Ginny I and II tried to land and blow up a railway tunnel between Framura and Bonassola. Both missions failed but the second mission's soldiers were executed and buried in a mass grave by the German Army.
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La Francesca
La Francesca The name of La Francesca was historically given to a coastal area of Liguria Eastern Riviera, currently in the province of La Spezia (Municipality of Bonassola). Well known in the 13th century for its copper mines (active until the last century), the site took probably its name from one of the branches of the ancient road “Francesca” or “Francigena”, a major route in the Middle Ages for pilgrims on their way to France, Canterbury and Santiago de Compostela. Characterized by a favourable microclimate - a hill protects the south-exposed valley from the north winds – with species flowering all the year round, even after the terrible fire of 1999 that has destroyed the pinewood, the site continues to maintain to its flora and fauna a high nature value. As from 1961 it is occupied by the tourist resort A resort (North American English) is a self-contained commercial establishment that tries to provide most of a vacationer's wants, such as food, drink, swimm ...
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Liguria
Liguria (; lij, Ligûria ; french: Ligurie) is a Regions of Italy, region of north-western Italy; its Capital city, capital is Genoa. Its territory is crossed by the Alps and the Apennine Mountains, Apennines Mountain chain, mountain range and is roughly coextensive with the former territory of the Republic of Genoa. Liguria is bordered by France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) to the west, Piedmont to the north, and Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany to the east. It rests on the Ligurian Sea, and has a population of 1,557,533. The region is part of the Alps–Mediterranean Euroregion. Etymology The name ''Liguria'' predates Latin and is of obscure origin. The Latin adjectives (as in ) and ''Liguscus'' reveal the original root of the name, ''ligusc-'': in the Latin name -sc- was shortened to -s-, and later turned into the -r- of , according to rhotacism (sound change), rhotacism. Compare grc, λίγυς, translit=Lígus, translation=a Ligurian, a person from Liguria whence . The name de ...
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Province Of La Spezia
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term ''province'' has since been adopted by many countries. In some countries with no actual provinces, "the provinces" is a metaphorical term meaning "outside the capital city". While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of central or federal authority, especially in Canada and Pakistan. In other countries, like China or France, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy. Etymology The English word ''province'' is attested since about 1330 and derives from the 13th-century Old French , which itself comes from the Latin word , which referred to the sphere o ...
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Comune
The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also have the title of ('city'). Formed ''praeter legem'' according to the principles consolidated in medieval municipalities, the is provided for by art. 114 of the Constitution of Italy. It can be divided into ''frazioni'', which in turn may have limited power due to special elective assemblies. In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a ''comune'' is officially called a ''commune'' in French. Overview The provides essential public services: registry of births and deaths, registry of deeds, and maintenance of local roads and public works. Many have a '' Polizia Comunale'' (communal police), which is responsible for public order duties. The also deal with the definition and compliance with the (general regulator plan), a document ...
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Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historically been home ...
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Genoa
Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of Genoa, which in 2015 became the Metropolitan City of Genoa, had 855,834 resident persons. Over 1.5 million people live in the wider metropolitan area stretching along the Italian Riviera. On the Gulf of Genoa in the Ligurian Sea, Genoa has historically been one of the most important ports on the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean: it is currently the busiest in Italy and in the Mediterranean Sea and twelfth-busiest in the European Union. Genoa was the capital of Republic of Genoa, one of the most powerful maritime republics for over seven centuries, from the 11th century to 1797. Particularly from the 12th century to the 15th century, the city played a leading role in the commercial trade in Europe, becoming one o ...
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La Spezia
La Spezia (, or , ; in the local Spezzino dialect) is the capital city of the province of La Spezia and is located at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the southern part of the Liguria region of Italy. La Spezia is the second largest city in the Liguria region, after Genoa. Located roughly midway between Genoa and Pisa, on the Ligurian Sea, it is one of the main Italian military and commercial harbours and a major Italian Navy base. A popular seaside resort, it is also a significant railway junction, and is notable for its museums, for the Palio del Golfo rowing race, and for railway and boat links with the Cinque Terre. History La Spezia and its province have been settled since prehistoric times. In ancient Rome, Roman times the most important centre was Luni (Italy), Luni, not far from Sarzana. As the capital of the short-lived Niccolò Fieschi Signoria in the period between 1256 and 1273, La Spezia was inevitably linked with Genoese vicissitudes. After the fall of t ...
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National Institute Of Statistics (Italy)
The Italian National Institute of Statistics ( it, Istituto nazionale di statistica; Istat) is the main producer of official statistics in Italy. Its activities include the census of population, economic censuses and a number of social, economic and environmental surveys and analyses. Istat is by far the largest producer of statistical information in Italy, and is an active member of the European Statistical System, coordinated by Eurostat. History The Italian National Institute of Statistics (IT ISTAT) was founded in compliance with Law Decree no. 1162 of 9 July 1926 as the Central Institute of Statistics (IT Istituto Centrale di Statistica) in order to replace the General Statistics Division of the Ministry for Agriculture (now known as Ministero delle politiche agricole alimentari, forestali e del turismo). The direction of the institution, which was subordinated to the head of state, was given to Corrado Gini. The ISTAT institute, with a staff of about 170 workers, was supp ...
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Frazione
A ''frazione'' (plural: ) is a type of subdivision of a ''comune'' (municipality) in Italy, often a small village or hamlet outside the main town. Most ''frazioni'' were created during the Fascist era (1922–1943) as a way to consolidate territorial subdivisions in the country. In the autonomous region of the Aosta Valley, a ''frazione'' is officially called an ''hameau'' in French. Description Typically the term ''frazioni'' applies to the villages surrounding the main town (''capoluogo'') of a ''comune''. Subdivision of a ''comune'' is optional; some ''comuni'' have no ''frazioni'', but others have several dozen. The ''comune'' usually has the same name of the ''capoluogo'', but not always, in which case it is called a ''comune sparso''. In practice, most ''frazioni'' are small villages or hamlets, occasionally just a clump of houses. Not every hamlet is classified as a ''frazione''; those that are not are often referred to as ''località'', for example, in the telephone boo ...
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