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Blastus (Montanist)
Blastus was a 2nd-century leader of the Roman Montanists, a presbyter in Rome and a Quartodeciman, however likely originally born in Alexandria. Blastus caused a schism in Rome about Easter and gained many followers. Some scholars have argued that the hostility of Pope Victor I against the Quartodecimans, was caused by Blastus' schism. Blastus argued that Christians must keep Easter at the same time Moses commanded passover to be kept. Blastus was accused of judaizing the Church by pseudo-Tertullian. Irenaeus wrote a letter to Blastus called "on Schism" which is no longer extant. Eusebius mentions Blastus along with Florinus stating:Others, of whom Florinus was chief, flourished at Rome. He fell from the presbyterate of the Church, and Blastus was involved in a similar fall. They also drew away many of the Church to their opinion, each striving to introduce his own innovations in respect to the truth. See also * Florinus * Montanus Montanus was the second century founder of M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montanism
Montanism (), known by its adherents as the New Prophecy, was an early Christian movement of the late 2nd century, later referred to by the name of its founder, Montanus. Montanism held views about the basic tenets of Christian theology similar to those of the wider Christian Church, but it was labelled a heresy for its belief in new prophetic revelations. The prophetic movement called for a reliance on the spontaneity of the Holy Spirit and a more conservative personal ethic. Parallels have been drawn between Montanism and modern-day movements such as Pentecostalism (including Oneness Pentecostals) and the Charismatic movement.. Montanism originated in Phrygia, a province of Anatolia, and flourished throughout the region, leading to the movement being referred to elsewhere as Cataphrygian (meaning it was "from Phrygia") or simply as Phrygian. They were sometimes also called Pepuzians after Pepuza, their new Jerusalem. Sometimes the Pepuzians were distinguished from other Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quartodecimanism
Quartodecimanism (from the Vulgate Latin ''quarta decima'' in Leviticus 23:5, meaning fourteenth) is the practice of celebrating Easter on the 14th of Nisan being on whatever day of the week, practicing Easter around the same time as the Passover was to be kept. Quartodecimanism caused controversy in the Church over if Easter should be celebrated on a certain day of the week or at the same time as the Jews would sacrifice the lamb. History Early Christianity There is scholarly disagreement on which tradition is the original, some scholars believe that Sunday observance began before Quartodecimanism, while others have argued that Quartodecimanism was original. The Quartodecimans claimed that their traditions are inherited from the John the Apostle, Apostle John and Philip the Apostle, Philip, while western churches claimed that their views of Easter have been inherited from Paul the Apostle, Paul and Saint Peter, Peter. Quartodecimanism was mainly popular in Anatolia, Asia Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandria
Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital. During the Hellenistic period, it was home to the Lighthouse of Alexandria, which ranked among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, as well as the storied Library of Alexandria. Today, the library is reincarnated in the disc-shaped, ultramodern Bibliotheca Alexandrina. Its 15th-century seafront Qaitbay Citadel is now a museum. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" by locals, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. The city extends about along the northern coast of Egypt, and is the largest city on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Victor I
Pope Victor I (died 199) was the bishop of Rome in the late second century (189–199 A.D.). The dates of his tenure are uncertain, but one source states he became pope in 189 and gives the year of his death as 199.Kirsch, Johann Peter (1912). "Pope St. Victor I" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company. He was born in the Roman Province of Africa—probably in Leptis Magna (or Tripolitania). He was later considered a saint. His feast day was celebrated on 28 July as "St Victor I, Pope and Martyr". Biography The primary sources vary over the dates assigned to Victor's episcopate, but indicate it included the last decade of the second century. Eusebius puts his accession in the tenth year of Commodus (i.e. A.D. 189), which is accepted by Lipsius as the correct date. Jerome's version of the Chronicle puts his accession in the reign of Pertinax, or the first year of Septimius Severus (i.e. 193), while the Armenian version puts it in the seventh ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judaizers
The Judaizers were a faction of the Jewish Christians, both of Jewish and non-Jewish origins, who regarded the Levitical laws of the Old Testament as still binding on all Christians. They tried to enforce Jewish circumcision upon the Gentile converts to early Christianity and were strenuously opposed and criticized for their behavior by the Apostle Paul, who employed many of his epistles to refute their doctrinal positions. The term is derived from the Koine Greek word Ἰουδαΐζειν (''Ioudaizein''), used once in the Greek New Testament (), when Paul the Apostle publicly challenged the Apostle Peter for compelling Gentile converts to early Christianity to "judaize". This episode is known as the incident at Antioch. Most Christians believe that much of the Old Covenant has been superseded, and many believe it has been completely abrogated and replaced by the Law of Christ. The Christian debate over Judaizing began in the lifetime of the apostles, notably at the Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudo-Tertullian
Pseudo-Tertullian is the scholarly name for the unknown author of ''Adversus Omnes Haereses'', an appendix to the work ''De praescriptionem haereticorum'' of Tertullian. It lists 32 heresies, and there is consensus that this work is not by Tertullian himself. A traditional theory is that the work is a Latin translation of a Greek original, a lost work ''Syntagma'' written by Hippolytus, c. 220. Recent scholarship, agreeing with a theory of Richard Adelbert Lipsius, suggests that this work ''Syntagma'' was the common source for Philastrius and the ''Panarion'' of Epiphanius, also. The name "Pseudo-Tertullian" is also applied to the author of a poem written against Marcion. The ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' describes it as "doggerel hexameters", and mentions two theories: that the poem was written by Commodian; and that ''Adversus Omnes Haereses'' was written by Victorinus of Pettau Saint Victorinus of Pettau (also Ptuj or Poetovio; died 303 or 304) was an Early Christian ecclesias ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irenaeus
Irenaeus (; grc-gre, Εἰρηναῖος ''Eirēnaios''; c. 130 – c. 202 AD) was a Greek bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in the southern regions of present-day France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combating heterodox or Gnostic interpretations of Scripture as heresy and defining the Catholic and Orthodox doctrines of the Apostolic Churches. Originating from Smyrna, he had seen and heard the preaching of Polycarp, who in turn was said to have heard John the Evangelist, and thus was the last-known living connection with the Apostles. Chosen as bishop of Lugdunum, now Lyon, his best-known work is '' Against Heresies'', often cited as ''Adversus Haereses'', a refutation of gnosticism, in particular that of Valentinus. To counter the doctrines of the gnostic sects claiming secret wisdom, he offered three pillars of orthodoxy: the scriptures, the tradition handed down from the apostles, and the tea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος ; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima in the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote ''Demonstrations of the Gospel'', '' Preparations for the Gospel'' and ''On Discrepancies between the Gospels'', studies of the biblical text. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the ''Ecclesiastical History'', ''On the Life of Pamphilus'', the ''Chronicle'' and ''On the Martyrs''. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was ''augustus'' between AD 306 and A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florinus (Gnostic) . Irenaeus wrote a work against Florinus and he was later excommunicated, likel ...
Florinus was a 2nd-century Roman presbyter, however later lost his office after teaching "heretical" doctrines, as he converted to Gnosticism or started to believe some Gnostic views in his later life. Florinus was mentioned by Irenaeus, and was apparently slightly older than him. Just like Irenaeus, Florinus was perhaps once a disciple of Polycarp, but he was later influenced by Valentinians. Eusebius claimed that Florinus taught dualism and that God is the author of evil, though most scholars accept Eusebius' statement, some scholars have suggested that Eusebius was mistaken on Florinus' view of dualism, Florinus also taught Monarchianism Monarchianism is a Christian theology that emphasizes God as one indivisible being, at Catholic Encyclopedia, newadvent.org [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montanus
Montanus was the second century founder of Montanism and a self proclaimed prophet. Montanus emphasized the work of the Holy Spirit, in a manner which set him apart from the Great church. Life Only very little is known about the life of Montanus. Montanus used to be a pagan priest but later converted into Christianity. Montanus began his prophesying in a village called Ardabau, located in Phrygia. The date of when Montanus started prophesying is somewhere around 157–172, however the Church Fathers gave differing dates on the start of Montanism. During his life Montanus was assisted by two women, Prisca and Maximilla, who also claimed to have prophecies. Teachings The teachings of Montanism include: # That a new age of prosperity would come, and New Jerusalem will soon be established in Pepuza. # One could marry only once. # Abandoning marriage for spiritual reasons was allowed. # Every true Christian had to have recognizable spiritual gifts. # Martyrdom was encouraged and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miltiades (Christian)
Miltiades was a 2nd-century Christian, who wrote three treatises, "against the Greeks", "against the Jews" and an "Apology". He likely started writing before the death of Marcus Aurelius. Miltiades might have been associated with Montanism, however there is confusion on if he was a Montanist, this is because In Eusebius' writings, there appears to be confusion over the name "Miltiades" and "Alcibiades", either due to an error from copyists or from Eusebius himself. It is even possible that he might have written against Montanism. Miltiades is mentioned by Tertullian, Jerome and Eusebius. See also * Blastus * Themiso Themiso was a late second-century or an early third-century Montanist leader and perhaps the successor of Montanus after the death of Montanus and the woman prophets. Apollinaris of Laodicea mentioned Themiso, saying that he wrote a letter, for whic ... References {{Montanism 2nd-century Christian theologians 2nd-century Romans Montanism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
