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Bilihildis
Bilihildis (also spelled Bilihilt, Bilhild, Bilehild; died 734) was a Frankish noblewoman, remembered as the founder and abbess of the monastery of Altmünster near Mainz, and venerated locally as a saint, on Nov. 27. Biography The biography of Saint Bilihildis is difficult to establish; firm evidence of her existence only goes back to the 12th century, according to Andreas Meier. Her '' vitae'' date from after 1060 and, in the absence of other evidence, form the basis for her biography. There are five distinct ''vitae'', the most important of which are: *a short, Latin version in prose, preserved in two manuscripts from the 13th and the 14th century *a longer prose version likewise preserved in two manuscripts, from the 14th and the 15th century (possibly modeled on hagiographical texts on Frankish queen and saint Radegund, and certainly indebted to ''vitae Kiliani'') *a group of locally preserved texts in the vernacular *a metrical (Latin) version, the ''Vita metrica auctore H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudarium
A ''sudarium'' (Latin) was a "sweat cloth", used for wiping the face clean. Small cloths of various sorts, for which ''sudarium'' is a general term, played a role in Ancient Roman formal manners and court ceremonial, and many such uses transferred to Christian liturgical usage and art. In Jewish usage, it is the cloth-like habit worn by Jewish men after wedding, wrapped around the head, and usually worn with a central hat. ''Sudarium'' often refers to two relics of the Passion of Jesus, the Sudarium of Oviedo and the Veil of Veronica. Another ''sudarium'' is found in Altmünster, Germany, and was supposedly given to Saint Bilihildis; it is locally venerated since the 15th century. In the Roman Catholic and other Western churches, the term ''sudarium'' has been used for several ornamental textile objects: * The sudarium or maniple (''manipulus'', also ''mappula, mantile, fano, manuale, sestace'', Greek ''epigonation'', earlier ''encheirion''), a cloth of fine quality to wipe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
734 Deaths
__NOTOC__ Year 734 ( DCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 734 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe * Battle of the Boarn: The Franks under Charles Martel, mayor of the palace of Neustria and Austrasia, defeat the Frisians near the mouth of the River Boarn (now the Dutch province of Friesland). During the battle, the Frisian army is beaten and King Poppo is killed. The Franks gain control of the Frisian lands west of the Lauwers (Netherlands), and begin plundering the pagan sanctuaries. The Frisians become Frankish vassals, apart from the tribes living in East Frisia in present day Germany. * Umayyad conquest of Gaul: Muslim forces under Abd al-Malik ibn Katan al-Fihri, governor (''wali'') of Al-Andalus (modern Spain), enter Provence and ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hedan II
Heden, Hedan, or Hetan II (died 741), called the Younger, was a Duke of Thuringia, one of the "older" stem duchies (''Stammesherzogtums''), from around 700 until his death. He may have been the Hedan who married Saint Bilihild. One of the chief sources for his life is the ''Passio minor sancti Kiliani''. According to the ''Passio'', after the revenge of God came upon his father Gozbert, who had married his brother's widow Geilana, who was reproved for it by Kilian, who in turn paid the price for his temerity, Hedan was chased from the realm, and his mother Geilana ruled as duchess (689). Sometime later Hedan returned as an adult and took over (before 704). The duchy over which Hedan and his ancestors ruled was the region around the river Main. Only under Hedan did the duke take up an extensive interest in the lands to the east, the region today called Thuringia. Hedan's claim to rule Thuringia may have been claimed through his wife Theodrada. Hedan's hypothetical relationship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franks
The Franks ( la, Franci or ) were a group of Germanic peoples whose name was first mentioned in 3rd-century Roman sources, and associated with tribes between the Lower Rhine and the Ems River, on the edge of the Roman Empire.H. Schutz: Tools, Weapons and Ornaments: Germanic Material Culture in Pre-Carolingian Central Europe, 400-750. BRILL, 2001, p.42. Later the term was associated with Romanized Germanic dynasties within the collapsing Western Roman Empire, who eventually commanded the whole region between the rivers Loire and Rhine. They imposed power over many other post-Roman kingdoms and Germanic peoples. Beginning with Charlemagne in 800, Frankish rulers were given recognition by the Catholic Church as successors to the old rulers of the Western Roman Empire. Although the Frankish name does not appear until the 3rd century, at least some of the original Frankish tribes had long been known to the Romans under their own names, both as allies providing soldiers, and as e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
8th-century Christian Saints
The 8th century is the period from 701 ( DCCI) through 800 ( DCCC) in accordance with the Julian Calendar. The coast of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula quickly came under Islamic Arab domination. The westward expansion of the Umayyad Empire was famously halted at the siege of Constantinople by the Byzantine Empire and the Battle of Tours by the Franks. The tide of Arab conquest came to an end in the middle of the 8th century.Roberts, J., ''History of the World'', Penguin, 1994. In Europe, late in the century, the Vikings, seafaring peoples from Scandinavia, begin raiding the coasts of Europe and the Mediterranean, and go on to found several important kingdoms. In Asia, the Pala Empire is founded in Bengal. The Tang dynasty reaches its pinnacle under Chinese Emperor Xuanzong. The Nara period begins in Japan. Events * Estimated century in which the poem Beowulf is composed. * Classical Maya civilization begins to decline. * The Kombumerri burial grounds are founded. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th-century Births
The 7th century is the period from 601 ( DCI) through 700 ( DCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era. The spread of Islam and the Muslim conquests began with the unification of Arabia by Muhammad starting in 622. After Muhammad's death in 632, Islam expanded beyond the Arabian Peninsula under the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661) and the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750). The Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century led to the downfall of the Sasanian Empire. Also conquered during the 7th century were Syria, Palestine, Armenia, Egypt, and North Africa. The Byzantine Empire suffered setbacks during the rapid expansion of the Caliphate, a mass incursion of Slavs in the Balkans which reduced its territorial limits. The decisive victory at the Siege of Constantinople in the 670s led the empire to retain Asia Minor which assured the existence of the empire. In the Iberian Peninsula, the 7th century was known as the ''Siglo de Concilios'' (century of councils) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historische Zeitschrift
''Historische Zeitschrift'', founded in 1859 by Heinrich von Sybel is considered to be the first and for a time the foremost historical journal. The creation of this journal inspired Gabriel Monod to found the French '' Revue historique'' in 1876. In 1886 the ''English Historical Review'' was founded and in 1895 the ''American Historical Review'' was founded. It is published by Akademie Verlag GmbH, a subsidiary of Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH. Editors ''Historische Zeitschrifts editors have included: *Heinrich von Sybel (18591895) *Heinrich von Treitschke (18951896) *Friedrich Meinecke Friedrich Meinecke (October 20, 1862 – February 6, 1954) was a German historian, with national liberal and anti-Semitic views, who supported the Nazi invasion of Poland. After World War II, as a representative of an older tradition, he criti ... (1896–1935) *Jürgen Müller *Eckhardt Treichel * Andreas Fahrmeir *Hartmut Leppin See also * Historiography#Some major historical journ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celtic Christianity
Celtic Christianity ( kw, Kristoneth; cy, Cristnogaeth; gd, Crìosdaidheachd; gv, Credjue Creestee/Creestiaght; ga, Críostaíocht/Críostúlacht; br, Kristeniezh; gl, Cristianismo celta) is a form of Christianity that was common, or held to be common, across the Celtic-speaking world during the Early Middle Ages. Some writers have described a distinct Celtic Church uniting the Celtic peoples and distinguishing them from adherents of the Roman Church, while others classify Celtic Christianity as a set of distinctive practices occurring in those areas. Varying scholars reject the former notion, but note that there were certain traditions and practices present in both the Irish and British churches that were not seen in the wider Christian world. Such practices include: a distinctive system for determining the dating of Easter, a style of monastic tonsure, a unique system of penance, and the popularity of going into "exile for Christ". Additionally, there were other pract ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Tract Society
The Religious Tract Society was a British evangelical Christian organization founded in 1799 and known for publishing a variety of popular religious and quasi-religious texts in the 19th century. The society engaged in charity as well as commercial enterprise, publishing books and periodicals for profit. Periodicals published by the RTS included ''Boy's Own Paper'', ''Girl's Own Paper'' and '' The Leisure Hour''. Formation and early history The idea for the society came from the Congregationalist minister George Burder, who raised the idea while meeting with the London Missionary Society (founded in 1795) in May 1799. It was formally established on 10 May 1799, having a treasurer, a secretary, and ten committee members, with members required to " ubscribehalf a guinea or upwards annually". Its initial membership was drawn from the London Missionary Society, and included: *David Bogue, Independent; *Robert Hawker, Anglican; * Joseph Hughes, Baptist; and *Joseph Reyner as treasur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard
Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard (18 January 1818 – 23 July 1888) was a German Protestant theologian. Biography Born at Erlangen, he was educated in his native town and at Berlin, and after teaching in a private family became ''Privatdozent'' at Erlangen (1841) and then professor of theology at Zürich (1844). In 1847 he was appointed professor of theology at Erlangen, a chair which he resigned in 1861; in 1875 he became pastor of the French reformed church in the same city. As a critic, Ebrard occupied a very moderate standpoint; as a writer his chief works were ''Christliche Dogmatik'' (2 vols, 1851), ' (1864), and ''Apologetik'' (1874–1875, Eng. trans. 1886). His work on John's Gospel, ' was published in 1845. He also edited and completed Hermann Olshausen's commentary, himself writing the volumes on the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Johannine epistles, and Revelation. In the department of ''belles-lettres'' he wrote a good deal under such pseudonym A pseudonym (; ) or al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alois Henninger
Alois (Latinized ''Aloysius'') is an Old Occitan form of the name Louis. Modern variants include ''Aloïs'' ( French), ''Aloys'' (German), ''Alois'' (Czech), ''Alojz'' ( Slovak, Slovenian), ''Alojzy'' (Polish), '' Aloísio'' (Portuguese, Spanish, Italian), and ''Alajos'' ( Hungarian). People called Alois/Aloys * Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915), German psychiatrist and neuropathologist * Alois Arnegger (1879–1963), Austrian painter * Alois Biach (1849–1918), Austrian physician and medical writer * Alois Brunner (1912–2001), Austrian Nazi SS concentration camp war criminal * Alois Carigiet (1902–1985), Swiss illustrator * Alois Dryák (1872–1932), Czech architect * Alois Eliáš (1890–1942), Czech general and politician * Alois Estermann, senior officer of the Pontifical Swiss Guard who was murdered in his apartment * Alois Hába, Czech composer * Alois Hitler (1837–1903), born Aloys Schicklgruber; Adolf Hitler's father * Alois Hitler, Jr. (1882–1956), Adolf Hitler's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Missal
A missal is a liturgical book containing instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the liturgical year. Versions differ across liturgical tradition, period, and purpose, with some missals intended to enable a priest to celebrate Mass publicly and others for private and lay use. The texts of the most common Eucharistic liturgy in the world, the Catholic Church's Mass of Paul VI of the Roman Rite, are contained in the 1970 edition of the Roman Missal. Missals have also been published for earlier forms of the Roman Rite and other Latin liturgical rites. Other liturgical books typically contain the Eucharistic liturgies of other ritual traditions, but missals exist for the Byzantine Rites, Eastern Orthodox Western Rites, and Anglican liturgies. History Before the compilation of such books, several books were used when celebrating Mass. These included the gradual (texts mainly from the Psalms, with musical notes added), the evangelary or gospel book, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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