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Bergeron Diagram
The Bergeron diagram method is a method to evaluate the effect of a reflection on an electrical signal. This graphic method—based on the real characteristic of the line—is valid for both linear and non-linear models and helps to calculate the delay of an electromagnetic signal on an electric transmission line. Using the Bergeron method, on the I- V characteristic chart, start from the regime point before the transition, then move along a straight line with a slope of ''Z''0 (''Z''0 is the line's characteristic impedance) to the new characteristic; then move along lines with −''Z''0 or +''Z''0 slope until the new regime situation is reached. The − value is considered always the same at every reflection because the Bergeron method is used only for first reflections. The method was originally developed by a French hydraulic engineer, L. J. B. Bergeron, for analysing water hammer effects in hydraulic systems. See also * Ringing (signal) * Signal reflection In telecommun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergeron Diagram Time Infinite Ge
Bergeron is a surname of French origin. The name Bergeron may be derived from the Old German word ''berg'', meaning hill or mountain. It may also be derived from the old French ''berger'', meaning shepherd. Spelling variations include: Bergetron, Berger, Bergey, Bergez, Bergier, Bergeret, Bergerot, Bergereau, Bergeron, Bergerron, Bergerone, Bergeronne, Bergeronneau, Bergerat, Bergerie, Bergère, Bergière, Bergiron, Bergirone, Bergironne, le Berger, le Bergeron, de Bergeron, Leberger and many more. First found in Burgundy (region), Burgundy, where the family was anciently seated. Some of the first North American settlers of this name or some of its variants were: André Bergeron, who settled in Quebec from Charente-Maritime in 1666; Jacques Bergeron, who arrived in Quebec from Guyenne in 1676; Francois Bergeron, who arrived in Quebec from Poitou in 1676. Barthélemy Bergeron d'Amboise came to Quebec in 1684 but settled in Acadia by 1695. Following the Acadian diaspora of 175 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Current
An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is measured as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface or into a control volume. The moving particles are called charge carriers, which may be one of several types of particles, depending on the conductor. In electric circuits the charge carriers are often electrons moving through a wire. In semiconductors they can be electrons or holes. In an electrolyte the charge carriers are ions, while in plasma, an ionized gas, they are ions and electrons. The SI unit of electric current is the ampere, or ''amp'', which is the flow of electric charge across a surface at the rate of one coulomb per second. The ampere (symbol: A) is an SI base unit. Electric current is measured using a device called an ammeter. Electric currents create magnetic fields, which are used in motors, generators, inductors, and transformers. In ordinary con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voltage
Voltage, also known as electric pressure, electric tension, or (electric) potential difference, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a static electric field, it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between the two points. In the International System of Units, the derived unit for voltage is named ''volt''. The voltage between points can be caused by the build-up of electric charge (e.g., a capacitor), and from an electromotive force (e.g., electromagnetic induction in generator, inductors, and transformers). On a macroscopic scale, a potential difference can be caused by electrochemical processes (e.g., cells and batteries), the pressure-induced piezoelectric effect, and the thermoelectric effect. A voltmeter can be used to measure the voltage between two points in a system. Often a common reference potential such as the ground of the system is used as one of the points. A voltage can represent either a source ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Characteristic Impedance
The characteristic impedance or surge impedance (usually written Z0) of a uniform transmission line is the ratio of the amplitudes of voltage and current of a single wave propagating along the line; that is, a wave travelling in one direction in the absence of reflections in the other direction. Alternatively, and equivalently, it can be defined as the input impedance of a transmission line when its length is infinite. Characteristic impedance is determined by the geometry and materials of the transmission line and, for a uniform line, is not dependent on its length. The SI unit of characteristic impedance is the ohm. The characteristic impedance of a lossless transmission line is purely real, with no reactive component. Energy supplied by a source at one end of such a line is transmitted through the line without being dissipated in the line itself. A transmission line of finite length (lossless or lossy) that is terminated at one end with an impedance equal to the characteris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Jean Baptiste Bergeron
Louis Jean Baptiste Bergeron (10 March 1876 – 23 February 1948) was a French entrepreneur, engineer and inventor. Bergeron was born in Lagnieu. In 1900, he started work as an electrical engineer and made a career in the Farcot company in St Ouen, a factory of steam engines and high-power electrical machines. In 1918, together with Beaudrey, he co-founded the company Beaudrey-Bergeron, which later, after a friendly split with Beaudrey, became Bergeron S.A., now part of Alstom. He is remembered for his practical, mathematical methodology to study water hammer in hydraulic pipe systems which he also showed to be useful in the study of electromagnetic voltage/current surges in electricity systems. His last work ''From water hammer in hydraulics to lightning surges in electricity'', published posthumously, became a reference work in electrical engineering. In electrical engineering, application of so-called "Bergeron equations" allows the calculation of travelling wave phenomena in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ringing (signal)
In electronics, signal processing, and video, ringing is oscillation of a signal, particularly in the step response (the response to a sudden change in input). Often ringing is undesirable, but not always, as in the case of resonant inductive coupling. It is also known as hunting. It is closely related to overshoot, often instigated as damping response following overshoot or undershoot, and thus the terms are at times conflated. It is also known as ripple, particularly in electricity or in frequency domain response. Electricity In electrical circuits, ringing is an unwanted oscillation of a voltage or current. It happens when an electrical pulse causes the parasitic capacitances and inductances in the circuit (i.e. those that are not part of the design, but just by-products of the materials used to construct the circuit) to resonate at their characteristic frequency.Johnson, H. and Graham, M. ''High-Speed Digital Design: A Handbook of Black Magic''. 1993. pp. 88–90 Ringing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signal Reflection
In telecommunications, signal reflection occurs when a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a copper cable or an optical fiber. Some of the signal power may be reflected back to its origin rather than being carried all the way along the cable to the far end. This happens because imperfections in the cable cause impedance mismatches and non-linear changes in the cable characteristics. These abrupt changes in characteristics cause some of the transmitted signal to be reflected. In radio frequency (RF) practice this is often measured in a dimensionless ratio known as voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) with a VSWR bridge. The ratio of energy bounced back depends on the impedance mismatch. Mathematically, it is defined using the reflection coefficient. Because the principles are the same, this concept is perhaps easiest to understand when considering an optical fiber. Imperfections in the glass create mirrors that reflect the light back along the fiber. Impe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
