|
BPUPK
The Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence ( id, Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan, BPUPK; ja, 独立準備調査会, Hepburn: , Nihon-shiki / Kunrei-shiki: ), sometimes referred to as the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence ( id, Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, BPUPKI), was an organization set up in March 1945 by the Japanese military authority in Java during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the Japanese 16th Army. The BPUPK held two plenary meetings; the first was from 28 May to 1 June 1945 and the second was between 10 and 17 July 1945. Background Realising Japan was losing the war, on 7 September 1944, in a session of the Japanese parliament, Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso promised independence for the utch'East Indies' at "sometime in the future". The Japanese nav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukarno
Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed president. He led the Indonesian resistance to Dutch re-colonisation efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Yamin
Mohammad Yamin (24 August 1903 – 17 October 1962) was an Indonesian poet, politician and national hero who played a key role in the writing of the draft preamble to the 1945 constitution. Early life and education Yamin was born on 28 August 1903 in Talawi, Sawahlunto on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. He was educated at Dutch schools for natives, firstly at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School, then at a Algemene Middelbare School in Yogyakarta. In 1932 he obtained a law degree in Jakarta. In the early 1930s, Yamin was active in journalist circles, joining the editorial board of the newspaper ''Panorama'', together with Liem Koen Hian, Sanusi Pane and Amir Sjarifuddin. In mid-1936, together with his colleagues Liem, Pane and Sjarifuddin, Yamin started another newspaper, ''Kebangoenan'' (1936–1941), which—as with ''Panorama''—was published by Phoa Liong Gie's Siang Po Printing Press. Literary legacy Yamin began his literary career as a writer in the 1920s, when Indone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soepomo
Soepomo ( EYD: Supomo; 22 January 1903 – 12 September 1958) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer who served as the country's first Minister of Justice from August until November 1945 and again from December 1949 until 6 September 1950. Known as the father of Indonesia's constitution, he was posthumously declared an Indonesian National Hero by President Sukarno in 1965. Early life and education Soepomo was born on 22 January 1903, in Sukoharjo, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). He came from a noble family; his maternal and paternal grandfathers were both high-ranking government officials. He began his education in 1917, when he was enrolled at a '' Europeesche Lagere School'' (ELS) in Boyolali. He graduated in 1920, and continued his studies to a ''Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs'' (MULO) in Surakarta. In 1923, he moved to Batavia (now Jakarta) and attended the '' Rechts Hogeschool'' (RHS). After graduating from RHS, he took a job at a court in Surakarta, before le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agus Salim
''Haji'' Agus Salim (; October 8, 1884 – November 4, 1954) was an Indonesian journalist, diplomat, and statesman. He served as Indonesia's Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1947 and 1949. Early life Agus Salim was born Masjhoedoelhaq Salim on October 8, 1884, in the village of Koto Gadang, a suburb of Fort de Kock. His father, Sutan Mohammad Salim, was a colonial prosecutor and judge whose highest rank was chief judge for the indigenous court in Tanjung Pinang. His birth name, which translates into "defender of truth", was changed into Agus Salim early in his childhood. Salim received his elementary education at ''Europeesche Lagere School''; at that time, it was considered a privilege for a non-European child to attend an all-European school. He continued his studies at the ''Hogere Burgerschool'' in Batavia, and graduated with the highest score in the whole Dutch East Indies. Salim's father had applied (and was granted) for his two sons, Agus and Jacob, to be granted equ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajiman Wediodiningrat
Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung (K.R.T.) Radjiman Wedyodiningrat (21 April 1879 – 20 September 1952) was an Indonesian physician and one of the founding figures of the Indonesian Republic. He was a member of the Budi Utomo organization, in 1945 was elected to lead the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK). On 9 August 1945, the day after the Atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Rajiman, along with nationalist figures Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta were flown to Saigon to meet with Field Marshall Hisaichi Terauchi, the Japanese commander of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group . In 1950, having become a member of the legislature, the People's Representative Council (DPR), he led its first plenary session. Two years later, Rajiman died and was buried in Yogyakarta. He was named a National Hero of Indonesia National Hero of Indonesia ( id, Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia. It is posthumously given by the Government of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo
Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo (22 October 1890 – 20 December 1976) was an Indonesian politician who served as the first Governor of West Java in 1945. A former member of the Volksraad, he was also renowned for the 1936 Soetardjo Petition. Early life and education Soetardjo was born on 22 October 1890 in the village of Kunduran, within what is today Blora Regency. He was the sixth of eight siblings. His father Kartoredjo was a district chief in Tuban. He began attending an ''Europeesche Lagere School'' (elementary school) at the age of 8, despite the age limit for such schools being 6; according to a book later published by the Ministry of Education and Culture, Kartohadikusumo "had to be made 2 years younger" to fit this age limit. He continued to study at a school for native bureaucrats (') in Magelang, during which he joined Budi Utomo and became chairman of its local office. Career After a one-month internship, he was appointed as an assistant scribe at the Rembang Residency o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pancasila Building
The Pancasila Building () is a historic building located in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The name "Pancasila" refers to the speech delivered by Sukarno in the building on which he spoke about the concept of Pancasila, a philosophical concept which would be the foundation of the Indonesian nation, on June 1, 1945. Built in the early 1830s, the building is one of the many 19th-century colonial landmarks in Jakarta. The Pancasila Building currently belongs to and is under the preservation of the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. History The building was built in the Weltevreden neighborhood, a parcel of land acquired by Cornelis Chastelein on 6 March 1697 on the east side of the ''bovenstad'' (the Upper Town) in what is now the area to the east of Merdeka Square. It was built in 1830 as a residence for Prince (''Hertog'') Bernhard van Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1792-1862), the German-born commander of the Dutch colonial army. It was designed in a Neoclassical Empire Style on t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Occupation Of The Dutch East Indies
The Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the war in September 1945. It was one of the most crucial and important periods in modern Indonesian history. In May 1940, Germany occupied the Netherlands, and martial law was declared in the Dutch East Indies. Following the failure of negotiations between the Dutch authorities and the Japanese, Japanese assets in the archipelago were frozen. The Dutch declared war on Japan following the 7 December 1941 Attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies began on 10 January 1942, and the Imperial Japanese Army overran the entire colony in less than three months. The Dutch surrendered on 8 March. Initially, most Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from their Dutch colonial masters. The sentiment changed, however, as between 4 and 10 million Indonesians were recruited as forced labourers ('' romusha'') on economic deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdurrahman Baswedan
Abdurrahman Baswedan, also known as AR Baswedan ( ar, عبد الرØمن باسويدان '; 9 September 1908 – 16 March 1986) was a nationalist, journalist, Indonesian freedom fighter, diplomat, and writer. During his political life, AR Baswedan was a member of the Central Advisory Council during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies and of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), served as Deputy Minister of Information of the Third Sjahrir Cabinet, was a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee Working Group (Badan Pekerja Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat, BP KNIP), a member of Parliament, and also a member of the Indonesian Constitutional Assembly. AR Baswedan was one of Indonesia's first diplomats who successfully gained de jure and de facto international recognition for the Republic of Indonesia (from Egypt). He was awarded the title of National Hero of Indonesia in 2018. Independence Fighter AR Baswedan was a rebel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Hatta
Mohammad Hatta (; 12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was an Indonesian statesman and nationalist who served as the country's first vice president. Known as "The Proclamator", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indonesia, Soekarno, fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Dutch. Hatta was born in Fort de Kock, Dutch East Indies (now Bukittinggi, Indonesia). After his early education, he studied in Dutch schools in the Dutch East Indies and studied in the Netherlands from 1921 until 1932. Early life, family, and early education Early life and family Hatta was born in Fort De Kock (now known as Bukittinggi) on 12 August 1902 into a prominent and strongly Islamic family. His grandfather, Sheikh Abdurrahman, was a respected Naqshbandi-Khalidi murshid in Batuhampar, near Payakumbuh. His father, Haji Mohammad Djamil, died when he was eight months old and he was left with his six sisters and his mother. As in the matrilineal society of Minangka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo
Prof. Mr. Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo (24 August 1904 – 1988) was the Minister of Justice of Indonesia from 21 January to 6 September 1950. Biography Pringgodigdo was born in Bojonegoro, East Java, Dutch East Indies on 24 August 1904. He was the older brother of diplomat Abdoel Kareem Pringgodigdo. After two years of elementary school, he studied at a Europeesche Lagere School from 1911 to 1918, then to the Hogere Burger School. After graduating in 1923, he went to Leiden, Netherlands, to study at Leiden University, which he graduated in 1927 with a degree in law. He also received a '' cum laude'' degree in ''Indoloogie'', the study of the Dutch East Indies. After returning to Indonesia, Pringgodigdo took a job as a scribe ( nl, sekretaris), later becoming the leader ( id, wedana) of Karang Kobar in the eastern part of Purbalingga Regency. Towards the end of the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Pringgodigdo served on the Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besar Mertokusumo
Besar Mertokusumo (also spelled Besar Martokusumo; 8 July 1894 – 1980) was an Indonesian advocate, said by Daniel S. Lev to be the first. Early life and education Mertokusumo was born in Brebes, Central Java, Dutch East Indies on 8 July 1894 to a prosecutor and his wife; he was the first of two children. He attended elementary school at a Europeesche Lagere School in Pekalongan, graduating in 1909. He then attended the Rechtschool in Batavia, which he graduated in 1915; there, he lived with numerous other Indonesian students under the supervision of a Dutchwoman, studying criminal law. After several years as the Official Seconded ( nl, Ambtenaar Ter Beschikking) at the ''Landraad'' (state court) in Pekalongan, he received a grant to go to Leiden, Netherlands, to study at Leiden University together with eleven others. He graduated in 1922. Legal and political career After being refused equal legal status with the Dutch, Mertokusumo decided to become an advocate. He later estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.JPG "Click for more on -> Muhammad Yamin")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo")