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Augustin Etienne Gaspard Bernard De Marigny
Charles Louis de Bernard de Marigny (— ''César'' during the Battle of the Saintes, on 12 April 1782) was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence. Biography Bernard de Marigny joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 22 June 1756. His younger brother, Charles de Bernard de Marigny, also served in the Navy and rose to vice admiral. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 27 November 1765, and to Lieutenant-colonel in 1777. In 1778, he was in command of the 32-gun frigate ''Fortunée''. He rose to Captain on 13 March 1779. After ''Fortunée'' was captured, Marigny was given command of the 64-gun ''Vaillant'', which he captained at the Battle of Fort Royal on 29 April 1781, and later of ''Réfléchi''. On 17 July 1781, he took command of the 64-gun ''Actionnaire''. He captained the 74-gun ''César'' during the Battle of the Saintes The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), also known as the Battle of Domin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles De Bernard De Marigny
Charles-René-Louis, vicomte de Bernard de Marigny (1 February 1740, in Sées – 25 July 1816, in Brest) was a French vice admiral, grand-cross of the ordre de Saint-Louis and commander of the Brest fleet. Biography Born the fourth boy of an eight-child, old-but-poor family from Normandy, Marigny was destined to an ecclesiastic career; he was soon sent to Sées seminary. However, his temperament inclined him more to adventure; and at age 14 he escaped the seminary to find refuge with his older brother, Augustin Etienne Gaspard Bernard de Marigny, who was a Garde-Marine in Rochefort. Marigny broke relations with his father and studied to enter the ''gardes de la marine'' as well. He was admitted in 1754 and was appointed to the frigate ''Valeur'' the next year, for a 14-month campaign. He suffered from acute sea sickness, but he eventually managed to overcome this problem. Promoted to ensign in 1757, Marigny was appointed to the corvette ''Zéphir'', and later to the 74-gun ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship César (1768)
''César'' was a 74-gun ship of the French Navy. Ordered in the spring of 1767 from the Toulon shipyard, she was launched on 3 August 1768. ''César'' saw service in the American War of Independence, during which she was destroyed in the Battle of the Saintes. Career D'Estaing's squadron (1778-1779) At the time of the French entry to the American War of Independence, ''César'' was under the command of Captain Louis de Raimondis, flag captain to Chef d'Escadre Broves. On 13 April 1778, ''César'' sailed from Toulon bound for America, with the 12 ships of Estaing's fleet. The fleet arrived at the mouth of the Delaware River, north of Baltimore, on 8 July and pursued several enemy ships. On 8 August, it forced the straits at New York and entered the mouth of the Connecticut River, where the British forces were anchored. The British burnt seven of their ships and their stores. On 11 August 1778, ''César'' was separated from the squadron by a violent storm at the time whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Saintes
The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), also known as the Battle of Dominica, was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place 9–12 April 1782. The British victory was considered their greatest over the French during the American Revolutionary War. The British fleet under Admiral Sir George Rodney defeated a French fleet under the Comte de Grasse, forcing the French and Spanish to abandon a planned invasion of Jamaica. The battle is named after the Îles des Saintes, a group of small islands between Guadeloupe and Dominica in the West Indies. The French had blockaded the British Army at Chesapeake Bay the year before, during the Siege of Yorktown, and supported the eventual American victory in their revolution. This battle, however, halted their momentum and had a significant effect on peace negotiations to end the war. The French suffered heavy casualties at the Saintes and many were t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of American Independence
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of the United States, fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the United States Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriot (American Revolution), Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean. Established by royal charter in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American colonies were largely autonomous in domestic affairs and commercially prosperous, trading with Britain and its British West Indies, Caribbean colonies, as well as other European powers via their Caribbean entrepôts. After British vic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garde-Marine
In France, under the Ancien Régime, the Gardes de la Marine (Guards of the Navy), or Gardes-Marine were young gentlemen undergoing training to be naval officers. The training program was established by Cardinal Richelieu in 1670 and lasted until Admiral de Castries abolished it in 1786. The Gardes-Marine received a brevet commission from the King and were organized into companies, established at the harbors of Brest, Toulon, and Rochefort. All naval officers were drawn from these companies, which were the equivalent of the current naval school. The king paid schoolmasters to instruct the Gardes-Marine in everything they needed to know to be good officers - there were masters in mathematics, drawing, writing, fortification, naval architecture and construction, dance, hydrography, fencing, etc. The Gardes-Marine sailed on the king's ships, on which they served as soldiers, and trained in all roles on board. At sea they honed the skills they had learned ashore. Their training, in coo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Frigate Fortunée (1778)
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Fortnite French places Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), 2008 * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a particular type of military jacket or tunic used in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French catheter scale, a unit of measurement of diameter * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss involving the tongue See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
64-gun
The 64-gun ship of the line was a type of two-decker warship defined during the 18th century, named after the number of their guns. 64-guns had a lower battery of 24-pounders, and an upper battery of 12-pounders. Heavier variants with 18-pounder on the upper deck also existed. History The French Navy used "64-gun" as a typology for its ships. In the British Royal Navy, such lighter two-deckers were considered to be Third-rates, like 74-guns and 80-guns. During the reign of Louis XIV, numerous ships carried 60 or 62 guns, with a lower battery pierced for 12 guns on each side. During the reign of Louis XV, standardisation efforts were undertaken to rationalise the design and construction of these ships, with a common armament of 24-pounder, 12-pounder and 8-pounder long guns. The first 64-gun in this sense was ''Borée'', launched in 1734 and pierced with 13 gun ports on each side of her lower battery. The British started copying these ships from 1764 with HMS ''Asia'', and als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Vaillant (1756)
''Vaillant'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, designed by Noël Pomet, and lead ship of her class. Career In 1772, she was under La Brizollière, and bound for Saint Domingue, along with ''Actionnaire'', ''Aurore'' and ''Sylphide''. The year after, she was at Toulon under Oppède. In 1777, she was under Chabert-Cogolin in Estaing's fleet. On 14 August 1778, along with ''Hector'', she captured the 8-gun bomb vessel HMS ''Thunder'' at Sandy Hook. She took part in the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779. She returned to Lorient that same year. In November, she was part of a division off Savannah, along with ''Zélé'' and ''Marseillais'', when the ships got separated. In 1780, Seillans took command of ''Vaillant''. The year after, she was under Bernard de Marigny Jean-Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville (1785–1868), known as Bernard de Marigny, was a French- Creole American nobleman, playboy, planter, politician, duelist, writer, horse b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Fort Royal
The Battle of Fort Royal was a naval battle fought off Fort Royal, Martinique in the West Indies during the Anglo-French War on 29 April 1781, between fleets of the British Royal Navy and the French Navy. After an engagement lasting four hours, the British squadron under Admiral Samuel Hood broke off and retreated. Admiral de Grasse offered a desultory chase before seeing the French convoys safe to port. Background In March 1781, a large French fleet under the command of Grasse left the port of Brest. Most of this fleet was headed for the West Indies. Of the 26 ships of the line, one was sent to North America, and five, under the command of the Suffren, were destined for India. The remaining twenty arrived off to Martinique on 28 April. On 17 April, Grasse had detached a cutter which arrived at Martinique on 26 to inform Bouillé of his arrival. Before sailing to the lee (western) side of the island, Grasse anchored the fleet and sent someone ashore to gather news and brin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Réfléchi (1776)
''Réfléchi'' was a 64-gun ''Solitaire''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. Career In 1779, ''Réfléchi'' was under Captain Cillart de Suville and part of the White squadron (centre) of the fleet under Orvilliers. ''Réfléchi'' took part in the Battle of Martinique on 18 December 1779, when she, along with ''Annibal'' and ''Vengeur'', saved a convoy from the British off Fort Royal. She was part of the French squadron at the action of 20 March 1780 when she fought Parker's squadron off Saint Domingue, along with ''Diadème'', ''Amphion'' and ''Annibal'', and was present at the Battle of the Chesapeake The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 17 .... From 20 August 1783 to 28 December, she was at the Martinique station under Captain Du Bois. She became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Actionnaire
''Actionnaire'' was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Originally built for the French East India Company, she was purchased by the Navy and saw service during the War of American Independence Career ''Actionnaire'' was built for the French East India Company at Lorient, and entered service for her first commercial journey in 1767. She did a commercial journey to Puducherry, departing Lorient on 12 March 1768 and returning on 30 October 1769. After the collapse of the Company, the French Navy purchased in April 1770. She did another commercial journey in 1771, and was later recommissioned as a 68-gun ship of the line. In 1778, ''Actionnaire'' was part of the squadron under Orvilliers, being the lead ship in the Third Division of the White Squadron (centre). Her commanding officer was Captain Proisy. From 1779, she was under Captain Gilart de Larchantel. In 1780, she was part of Guichen's squadron, and she took part in the Battle of Martinique on 17 April 1780 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
