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Amdo Tibetan
Amdo Tibetan (; also called ''Am kä'') is the Tibetic language spoken in Amdo (now mostly in Qinghai, some in Ngawa and Gannan). It has two dialects, the farmer dialect and the nomad dialect. Amdo is one of the three branches of traditional classification of Tibetic languages (the other two being Khams Tibetan and Ü-Tsang). In terms of mutual intelligibility, Amdo could not communicate even at a basic level with the Ü-Tsang branch (including Lhasa Tibetan). The nomad dialect of Amdo Tibetan is closer to classical written Tibetan as it preserves the word-initial consonant clusters and it is non- tonal, both now elided in the Ü-Tsang branch (including Lhasa Tibetan). Hence, its conservatism in phonology becomes a source of pride among Amdo Tibetans. Dialects Dialects are: *North Kokonor (Kangtsa, Themchen, Arik, etc.) *West Kokonor ( Dulan, Na'gormo, etc.), *Southeast Kokonor ( Jainca, Thrika, Hualong, etc.) *Labrang (Labrang, Luchu) *Golok (Machen, Matö, Gabde) *Ngapa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Tibetan
Classical Tibetan refers to the language of any text written in Tibetic after the Old Tibetan period. Though it extends from the 12th century until the modern day, it particularly refers to the language of early canonical texts translated from other languages, especially Sanskrit. The phonology implied by Classical Tibetan orthography is very similar to the phonology of Old Tibetan, but the grammar varies greatly depending on period and geographic origin of the author. Such variation is an under-researched topic. In 816, during the reign of King Sadnalegs, literary Tibetan underwent a thorough reform aimed at standardizing the language and vocabulary of the translations being made from Sanskrit, which was one of the main influences for literary standards in what is now called Classical Tibetan. Nouns Structure of the noun phrase Nominalizing suffixes — ''pa'' or ''ba'' and ''ma'' — are required by the noun or adjective that is to be singled out; * ''po'' or ''bo'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hualong Hui Autonomous County
Hualong Hui Autonomous County (; Xiao'erjing: ) is a county in the east of Qinghai Province, China. It is under the administration of Haidong City. Its area is 2,790 square kilometers and has a population of 203,317 in 2010. Administrative divisions Towns * Bayan (), Qunke (ཚའཱི་མགུར་, 群科镇), Yashiga (ཡར་ག་, 牙什尕镇), Gandu (ཀ་མདོ་, 甘都镇), Zhaba (རྩ་བ་, 扎巴镇), Angsiduo (ནང་སྟོད་, 昂思多镇) Townships * Chuma Township (ཆུ་དམར་, 初麻乡), Ertang Township (), Xiejiatan Township (), Dehenglong Township (སྟག་ལུང་, 德恒隆乡), Shalianbao Township (), Ashennu Township (ཨ་སྔོན་, 阿什奴乡), Shidacang Township (སྟག་ཚང་, 石大仓乡) Ethnic Townships * Shongshen Tibetan Ethnic Township (གཤོང་ཤན་, 雄先藏族乡), Tsaphug Tibetan Ethnic Township (ཚ་ཕུག་, 查甫藏族乡), Thagya Tibe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xunhua Salar Autonomous County
Xunhua Salar Autonomous County ( zh, s=循化撒拉族自治县, p=Xúnhuà Sǎlázú Zìzhìxiàn; slr, Gökhdengiz Velayat Yisyr Salyr Özbashdak Yurt) is a Salar autonomous county in the southeast of Haidong Prefecture of Qinghai Province, China, and the only autonomous Salar county in China. The autonomous county has an area of around , and a population of approximately 161,600 inhabitants per a 2022 government publication. In the east it borders on the province of Gansu, in the south and the west to the Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, its postal code is 811100 and its capital is the town of . Xunhua Salar Autonomous County is the only solely Salar autonomous county in China, and the Salar language is the official language in Xunhua, as in all Salar autonomous areas. As of April 2009, Xunhua is also the site of a mosque containing the oldest hand-written copy of the Quran in China, believed to have been written sometime between the 8th and 13th centuries. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongren County
Tongren (; ), known to Tibetans as Rebgong () in the historic region of Amdo, is the capital and second smallest administrative subdivision by area within Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai, China. The city has an area of 3465 square kilometers and a population of ~80,000 (2002), 75% Tibetan. The economy of the city includes agriculture and aluminium mining. The city has a number of Tibetan Buddhist temples and gompas, including the large and significant Rongwo Monastery of the Gelug school. It is known as a center of thangka painting. Regong arts were named on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2009. In October, 2010 there were reports of large demonstrations in Tongren by Tibetan students who reportedly shouted the slogans, “equality of ethnic groups” and “freedom of language." [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiahe County
Xiahe (; ) is a county in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu province, the People's Republic of China, bordering Qinghai province to the west. It is home to the famed Labrang Tibetan Buddhist monastery, one of the largest Tibetan Buddhist monasteries outside the Tibet Autonomous Region. The town is populated largely by ethnic Tibetans, as well as some Hui and Han Chinese. The area is highly rural and pastoral (including yak and other animal rearing). The geography is mountainous. In recent years it has become a tourist attraction. The county was named Xiahe in 1928, after the Daxia River that flows through its territory. History Xiahe (Sangqu) used to be part of Qinghai when it was under the control of Chinese Muslim General Ma Qi. It was the site of bloody battles between Muslim and Tibetan forces. Location Xiahe (Sangqu) is found in the southern portion of Gansu province, along the western border with Qinghai province. It lies along the Daxia and Zhao rivers. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thewo-Chone Language
Choni (Jonê) and Thewo are dialects of a Tibetic language The Tibetic languages form a well-defined group of languages descended from Old Tibetan (7th to 9th centuries).Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In ''Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptiv ... spoken in western China in the vicinity of Jonê County. Choni has four contrastive aspirated fricatives: , , . Phonology * is phonetically a fricativized alveolar trill , and may be heard as as an allophone. * A syllable-initial can be heard as a uvular fricative before voiceless consonants and as a voiced before voiced consonants. A syllable-final can be heard as a uvular stop after or vowel sounds. * can also be heard as an allophone of between or and another vowel. * rarely exists as a phoneme, and is only attested in a few words with a palatal or alveolo-palatal initial. References External linksA phonological profile of Chone {{Languages o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jainca County
Jainca County, Chentsa County or Jainzha County (; ) is a county in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, China, to Tibetans in the area known as Malho Prefecture, part of Amdo. There are six townships, three towns and a total of 79 administrative villages in Chentsa county. The county has an area of 1714 square kilometres and a population of ~50,000 (2001), 67% Tibetan. The county seat is the town of Markhu Thang (; ). Climate Jainca County has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen ''BSk'') and , at , on July 24, 2000. See also * Amdo Jampa * List of administrative divisions of Qinghai Qinghai, a province of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following administrative divisions. Administrative divisions All of these administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at Administrative divisions of the Peopl ... References External linksOfficial website of Jainca County Government County-level divisions of Qinghai Amdo Huang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golmud
Golmud, also known by various other romanizations, is a county-level city in the Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province, China. It is now the second-largest city in Qinghai and the third largest in the Tibetan Plateau (after Xining and Lhasa). The population in 2020 is 221,863. Name ''Golmud'' is a romanization of a Mongolian word meaning "rivers". ''Ge'ermu'' is the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of the same name's transcription into Chinese characters; it is sometimes misspelled ''Geermu''. ''Ko-erh-mu'' was the same name romanized using the Wade–Giles system; ''Golmot'' was the romanization used by the Chinese Postal Map. The Wylie romanization of the Tibetan form of the name is ''Nagormo''. Geography Golmud is part of Haixi Prefecture in western Qinghai Province. Despite being nominally a "city", the built-up urban area of Golmud comprises only of the county's . Most of the county lies in the southern Qaidam Basi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dulan County
Dulan County ( Mongolian:; ; ) is a county of east-central Qinghai province, China. It is under the administration of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Climate With an elevation of around , Dulan County has a subalpine semi-arid climate (Köppen ''BSk''), with long, very cold and winters, and warm summers. Average low temperatures are below freezing from early/mid October to mid/late April; however, due to the wide diurnal temperature variation, only December and January have an average high that is below freezing. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 60% in July to 81% in November, the county seat is very sunny, receiving 3,092 hours of bright sunshine annually; relative humidity in all months is below 50% and is for seven months below 40%. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, while the annual mean is . Over 70% of the annual precipitation of is delivered from May to August. Administrative Divisions * Reshu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgetown University
Georgetown University is a private university, private research university in the Georgetown (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Founded by Bishop John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore), John Carroll in 1789 as Georgetown College (Georgetown University), Georgetown College, the university has grown to comprise eleven Undergraduate education, undergraduate and Postgraduate education, graduate schools, including the School of Foreign Service, Walsh School of Foreign Service, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Medical School, Georgetown University Law Center, Law School, and a Georgetown University in Qatar, campus in Qatar. The school's main campus, on a hill above the Potomac River, is identifiable by its flagship Healy Hall, a National Historic Landmark. The school was founded by and is affiliated with the Society of Jesus, and is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the United States, though the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistic Conservatism
In linguistics, a conservative form, variety, or feature of a language is one that has changed relatively little across the language's history, or which is relatively resistant to change. It is the opposite of innovative, innovating, or advanced forms, varieties, or features, which have undergone relatively larger or more recent changes. On the other hand, an ''archaic'' form is chronologically old and rarely used in the modern language, and an ''obsolete'' form has fallen out of use altogether. A conservative linguistic form, such as a word or sound feature, is one that remains closer to an older form from which it evolved, relative to cognate forms from the same source. For example, the Spanish word ''caro'' and the French word ''cher'' both evolved from the Latin word ''cārum''. The Spanish word, which is more similar to the common ancestor, is more conservative than its French cognate. A language or language variety is said to be conservative if it has fewer innovations (i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
