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Ainu Languages
The Ainu languages ( ), sometimes known as Ainuic, are a small language family, often regarded as a language isolate, historically spoken by the Ainu people of northern Japan and neighboring islands. The primary varieties of Ainu are alternately considered a group of closely related languages or divergent dialects of a single language isolate. The only surviving variety is Hokkaido Ainu, which UNESCO lists as critically endangered. Sakhalin Ainu and Kuril Ainu are now extinct. Toponymic evidence suggests Ainu was once spoken in northern Honshu and that much of the historically attested extent of the family was due to a relatively recent expansion northward. No genealogical relationship between Ainu and any other language family has been demonstrated, despite numerous attempts. Varieties Recognition of the different varieties of Ainu spoken throughout northern Japan and its surrounding islands in academia varies. (1990:9) and (1998:2) both speak of "Ainu languages" when comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hokkaido
is Japan's second largest island and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel. The largest city on Hokkaidō is its capital, Sapporo, which is also its only ordinance-designated city. Sakhalin lies about 43 kilometers (26 mi) to the north of Hokkaidō, and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands, which are administered by Russia, though the four most southerly are claimed by Japan. Hokkaidō was formerly known as ''Ezo'', ''Yezo'', ''Yeso'', or ''Yesso''. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hokkaidō" in Although there were Japanese settlers who ruled the southern tip of the island since the 16th century, Hokkaido was considered foreign territory that was inhabited by the indigenous people of the island, known as the Ainu people. While geographers such as Mogami Tokunai and Mamiya Rinzō explored the isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toponymy
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features. In a more specific sense, the term ''toponymy'' refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as ''toponymics'' or ''toponomastics''. Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. A person who studies toponymy is called ''toponymist''. Etymology The term toponymy come from grc, τόπος / , 'place', and / , 'name'. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' records ''toponymy'' (meaning "place name") first appearing in English in 1876. Since then, ''toponym'' has come to replace the term ''place-name'' in professional discourse among geographers. Toponym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iburi Subprefecture
is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. Geography Located in south-central Hokkaido, Iburi stretches East-West and North-South. Iburi covers an area of . Iburi borders Oshima Subprefecture to the West, Shiribeshi, Ishikari, and Sorachi Subprefectures to the North, and Hidaka Subprefecture to the East. On its South side, Iburi has of coastline with the Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen .... Municipalities Mergers History *1897: Muroran Subprefecture was established. *1922: Muroran Subprefecture was renamed Iburi Subprefecture. References External linksOfficial website Subprefectures in Hokkaido {{Hokkaido-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapporo
( ain, サッ・ポロ・ペッ, Satporopet, lit=Dry, Great River) is a city in Japan. It is the largest city north of Tokyo and the largest city on Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the fifth most populous city in Japan. It is the capital city of Hokkaido Prefecture and Ishikari Subprefecture. Sapporo lies in the southwest of Hokkaido, within the alluvial fan of the Toyohira River, which is a tributary stream of the Ishikari. It is considered the cultural, economic, and political center of Hokkaido. As with most of Hokkaido, the Sapporo area was settled by the indigenous Ainu people, beginning over 15,000 years ago. Starting in the late 19th century, Sapporo saw increasing settlement by Yamato migrants. Sapporo hosted the 1972 Winter Olympics, the first Winter Olympics ever held in Asia, and the second Olympic games held in Japan after the 1964 Summer Olympics. Sapporo is currently bidding for the 2030 Winter Olympics. The Sapporo Dome host ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakumo, Hokkaidō
is a List of towns in Japan, town in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of September 2016, the town's population was estimated as 17,299, with a population density, density of 18 persons per km2. The total area is 955.98 km2. On October 1, 2005, the town of Kumaishi, Hokkaido, Kumaishi was merged into Yakumo; now in the newly created Futami District, Hokkaido, Futami District. The former town of Kumaishi joined Oshima Subprefecture at the same time. Geography Yakumo is the only municipality which faces both the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean. The Yakumo area and the Kumaishi area are separated by mountains. The name comes from the word "Yakumo" in the Waka (poetry), Waka composed by Susanoo-no-Mikoto. Neighboring municipalities * Oshima Subprefecture ** Oshamanbe, Hokkaido, Oshamanbe ** Mori, Hokkaido, Mori * Hiyama Subprefecture ** Otobe, Hokkaido, Otobe ** Setana, Hokkaido, Setana ** Imakane, Hokkaido, Imakane ** Assabu, Hokkaido, Assabu Climate History *1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oshamanbe, Hokkaidō
is a town located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of 30 October 2016, the town has an estimated population of 5,694. The total land area is 310.75 km2. Geography Oshamambe faces Uchiura Bay, which is a bay of the Pacific Ocean. Neighboring municipalities * Oshima Subprefecture ** Yakumo * Hiyama Subprefecture ** Imakane * Shiribeshi Subprefecture ** Kuromatsunai ** Shimamaki * Iburi Subprefecture ** Toyoura Climate History *1864: The village of Oshamambe was founded. *1906: Oshamambe became a Second Class Village. *1923: Oshamambe became a First Class Village. *1943: Oshamambe village became Oshamambe town. Education University * Tokyo University of Science, Oshamambe Campus High school * Hokkaido Oshamambe High School Junior high school * Oshamambe Junior High School Elementary schools * Oshamambe Elementary School * Shizukari Elementary School Transportation Setana Line ran from Kunnui Station. There used to be Asahihama station between Oshamamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oshima Subprefecture
is a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. As of 2004 it had a population of 456,621 and an area of 3,715.38 km2. Hakodate Airport is located in the City of Hakodate. Geography The subprefecture is located on the Oshima Peninsula The Oshima Peninsula (渡島 半島 ''Oshima-hantō'') is the southernmost part of Hokkaidō, the northernmost of the Japanese islands. Where the peninsula starts is open to interpretation. A more generous interpretation is to draw a line southe .... Municipalities Mergers History *1897: Hakodate Subprefecture, Kameda Subprefecture, and Matsumae Subprefecture was established. *1899: Hakodate Subprefecture was abolished. Kameda Subprefecture was transferred to Hakodate and renamed Hakodate Subprefecture. *1903: Matsumae Subprefecture was merged into Hakodate Subprefecture. *1922: Hakodate Subprefecture changed its name to Oshima Subprefecture. External links Official website (Matsumae General Branch Office) Subprefectures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hokkaidō Ainu
Ainu (, ), or more precisely Hokkaido Ainu, is a language spoken by a few elderly members of the Ainu people on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. It is a member of the Ainu language family, itself considered a language family isolate with no academic consensus of origin. It is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Until the 20th century, the Ainu languages – Hokkaido Ainu and the now-extinct Kuril Ainu and Sakhalin Ainu – were spoken throughout Hokkaido, the southern half of the island of Sakhalin and by small numbers of people in the Kuril Islands. Due to the colonization policy employed by the Japanese government, the number of Hokkaido Ainu speakers decreased through the 20th century, and it is now moribund. A very few elderly people still speak the language fluently, though attempts are being made to revive it. According to P. Elmer, the Ainu languages are a contact language, having strong influences from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Take Asai
or Tahkonanna ( Ainu: タㇵコナンナ) (5 April 1902 - 30 April 1994) was the last fluent speaker of the Sakhalin Ainu language. She was born in Otasu village on the West coast of Sakhalin Island, and moved to Rayciska (Raichishika) during her childhood. After World War II she was relocated to Hokkaido and toward the end of her life lived in an old-age home in Monbetsu, Hidaka, Hokkaido is Japan's second largest island and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by the undersea railway Seikan Tunnel. The la .... She served as an informant with the Piłsudski Research Project and other projects until her death in 1994. References Last known speakers of a language Japanese Ainu people Russian Ainu people People from Sakhalin Oblast People from Hokkaido 1902 births 1994 deaths Russian and Soviet emigrants to Japan {{ainu-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uglegorsk, Sakhalin Oblast
Uglegorsk (russian: Углего́рск) is a coastal port town and the administrative center of Uglegorsky District in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the west coast of Sakhalin Island, northwest of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History It was founded as 恵須取町 , it means "between capes " in the Ainu language , during Japanese rule in 1905. It came to Soviet control along with the rest of the Sakhalin Island with the defeat of Japan in World War II. For a time, Uglegorsk was put under consideration for potential sites for the new capital of Sakhalin Oblast. Town status was granted to it in 1946, along with its present name.The name Uglegorsk means 'coal mountain'. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Uglegorsk serves as the administrative center of Uglegorsky District.Law #25-ZO As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Uglegorsky District as the town of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poronaysk
Poronaysk (russian: Порона́йск; ja, 敷香町 ''Shisuka-chō''; Ainu: ''Sistukari'' or ''Sisi Tukari'') is a town and the administrative center of Poronaysky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia, located on the Poronay River north of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population: History It was founded in 1869 as a Russian outpost Tikhmenevsky near the Nivkh and Ainu settlements in the area. The Treaty of Portsmouth transferred it to Japanese control along with the rest of the southern half of the island of Sakhalin. It was renamed , it is said to mean " Sisi Tukari (in front of the mountain) " otherwise " Siika (big river) " in Ainu language , remaining under Japanese control until the Soviet Army retook the whole of the island in 1945. After the town had been granted to the Soviet Union, it was named Poronaysk in 1946, after the river on which it stands. The river's name is from Ainu ''poro nay'', meaning "broad river," "big river," or "growing river." Various Japanese place name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakhalin Ainu
The Ainu in Russia are an indigenous people of Siberia located in Sakhalin Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Kamchatka Krai. The Russian Ainu people (''Aine''; russian: айны, ayny), also called ''Kurile'' (курилы, ''kurily''), ''Kamchatka's Kurile'' (камчатские курилы, ''kamchatskiye kurily'' / камчадальские айны, ''kamchadalskiye ayny'') or ''Eine'' (эйны, ''eyny''), can be subdivided into six groups. Although only around 100 people currently identify themselves as Ainu in Russia (according to the census of 2010), it is believed that at least 1,000 people are of significant Ainu ancestry. The low numbers identifying as Ainu are a result of the refusal by the government of the Russian Federation to recognise the Ainu as a "living" ethnic group. Most of the people who identify themselves as Ainu live in Kamchatka Krai, although the largest number of people who are of Ainu ancestry (without acknowledging it) are found in Sakhalin Oblast. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
