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Audacious-class Aircraft Carrier
The ''Audacious''-class aircraft carriers were a class of aircraft carriers proposed by the British government in the 1930s - 1940s and completed after the Second World War. The two ships built were heavily modified and diverged over their service lives. They were in operation from 1951 until 1979. History The ''Audacious'' class was originally designed as an expansion of the with double storied hangars. However, it was realised that the hangar height would not be sufficient for the new aircraft that were expected to enter service, so the design was considerably enlarged. Four ships were laid down between 1942 and 1943 during World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ... as part of the British naval buildup - ''Africa'', ''Irresistible'', ''Audacious'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CVA-01
CVA-01 was a proposed United Kingdom aircraft carrier, designed during the 1960s. The ship was intended to be the first of a class that would replace all of the Royal Navy's carriers, most of which had been designed before or during the Second World War. CVA-01 and CVA-02 were intended to replace and , while CVA-03 and CVA-04 would have replaced and respectively. The planned four carrier class was soon reduced to three before further being reduced to two and finally, following a government review, in the form of the 1966 Defence White Paper, the project was cancelled, along with the proposed Type 82 destroyer class, which were intended primarily as escorts for carrier groups. Factors contributing to the cancellation of CVA-01 included inter-service rivalries, the huge costs of the proposed carrier, and the technical complexity and difficulties it would have presented in construction, operation, and maintenance. Had CVA-01 class been built, it is likely they would have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cammell Laird
Cammell Laird is a British shipbuilding company. It was formed from the merger of Laird Brothers of Birkenhead and Johnson Cammell & Co of Sheffield at the turn of the twentieth century. The company also built railway rolling stock until 1929, when that side of the business was separated and became part of the Metro-Cammell, Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage & Wagon Company. History Formation from merger of Laird Company and Cammell & Co. The Laird Company was founded by William Laird (shipbuilder), William Laird, who had established the Birkenhead Iron Works in 1824. When he was joined by his son, John Laird (shipbuilder), John Laird in 1828, their first ship was an iron barge. John realised that the techniques of making boilers could be applied to making ships. The company soon became pre-eminent in the manufacture of iron ships and also made major advances in propulsion. In 1860, John Laird was joined in the business by his three sons, renaming the company John Laird, Sons & Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War Aircraft Carriers Of The United Kingdom
Cold is the presence of low temperature, especially in the atmosphere. In common usage, cold is often a subjective perception. A lower bound to temperature is absolute zero, defined as 0.00K on the Kelvin scale, an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. This corresponds to on the Celsius scale, on the Fahrenheit scale, and on the Rankine scale. Since temperature relates to the thermal energy held by an object or a sample of matter, which is the kinetic energy of the random motion of the particle constituents of matter, an object will have less thermal energy when it is colder and more when it is hotter. If it were possible to cool a system to absolute zero, all motion of the particles in a sample of matter would cease and they would be at complete rest in the classical sense. The object could be described as having zero thermal energy. Microscopically in the description of quantum mechanics, however, matter still has zero-point energy even at absolute zero, because ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aircraft Carrier Classes
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines. Common examples of aircraft include airplanes, helicopters, airships (including blimps), gliders, paramotors, and hot air balloons. The human activity that surrounds aircraft is called ''aviation''. The science of aviation, including designing and building aircraft, is called ''aeronautics.'' Crewed aircraft are flown by an onboard pilot, but unmanned aerial vehicles may be remotely controlled or self-controlled by onboard computers. Aircraft may be classified by different criteria, such as lift type, aircraft propulsion, usage and others. History Flying model craft and stories of manned flight go back many centuries; however, the first manned ascent — and safe descent — in modern times took place by larger hot-air ball ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Ireland
Bernard Ireland was a British naval engineer, editor of Jane's and writer on naval matters. Life Ireland was educated at the Royal Dockyard School, Portsmouth, and the University of Southampton. Ireland worked for the Defence Research Agency in ship research. He wrote or coauthored 47 books, as well as contributing to journals and partworks on subjects related to ships and naval campaigns. Ireland was married and had two children. He died on 8 February 2019. Bibliography *''Warships of the world: major classes.'' London: Ian Allan, 1976. *''Warships: from sail to the nuclear age.'' London: Hamlyn, 1978. *''The rise and fall of the aircraft carrier.'' London: Marshall Cavendish, 1979. *''Warships of the world: escort vessels.'' London: Ian Allan, 1979. *''Warships of the world: submarines & fast attack craft.'' London: Ian Allan, 1980. *''Cruisers.'' London: Hamlyn, 1981. *''Navies of the West''. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1984. *''Warship construction''. London: Ian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malta-class Aircraft Carrier
The ''Malta''-class aircraft carrier was a British large aircraft carrier design of World War II. Four ships were ordered in 1943 for the Royal Navy, but changing tactical concepts, based on American experience in the Pacific War, caused repeated changes to the design, which was not completed before the end of the war. All four ships were cancelled in 1945 before they were laid down. Background In July 1942 the Royal Navy formed the Future Building Committee, chaired by the Deputy First Sea Lord, to examine the fleet's requirements for the rest of the war. Tasked with anticipating the Navy's readiness and requirements for January 1944, the committee realised that a major expansion of naval aviation was required, which meant that more aircraft carriers would be needed. Many factors combined to drive up the size of these new carriers, notably the increasing size and speed of aircraft and the desire to increase the numbers of aircraft aboard fleet carriers. Another important consid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Govan
Govan ( ; Cumbric?: ''Gwovan'?''; Scots: ''Gouan''; Scottish Gaelic: ''Baile a' Ghobhainn'') is a district, parish, and former burgh now part of south-west City of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated west of Glasgow city centre, on the south bank of the River Clyde, opposite the mouth of the River Kelvin and the district of Partick. Historically it was part of the County of Lanark. In the early medieval period, the site of the present Govan Old churchyard was established as a Christian centre for the Brittonic Kingdom of Alt Clut (Dumbarton Rock) and its successor realm, the Kingdom of Strathclyde. This latter kingdom, established in the aftermath of the Viking siege and capture of Alt Clut by Vikings from Dublin in AD 870, created the sandstone sculptures known today as the Govan Stones. Govan was the site of a ford and later a ferry which linked the area with Partick for seasonal cattle drovers. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, textile mills and coal mining were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Africa
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS ''Africa'', after the continent of Africa. Two others were planned: * was a 46-gun ship in service from 1694 to 1696. * was a 64-gun third-rate launched in 1761 and sold in 1774. * was a 64-gun third-rate launched in 1781. She fought at the Battle of Trafalgar and was broken up in 1814. * HMS ''Africa'' was a prison ship, launched in 1803 as the 36-gun fifth rate . She became a prison ship in 1826, was renamed HMS ''Africa'' in 1859 and was sold in 1860. * was a wooden-hulled screw sloop launched in 1862 and sold to China later that year. She was renamed ''China'' and was sold in 1865. * HMS ''Africa'' was to have been a ''Drake''-class cruiser but she was renamed in 1899, before being launched in 1901. * was a ''King Edward VII''-class battleship launched in 1905 and sold in 1920. * HMS ''Africa'' was to have been an ''Audacious''-class aircraft carrier. She was ordered in 1943, but was later reordered as a ''Malta''-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vickers-Armstrong
Vickers-Armstrongs Limited was a British engineering conglomerate formed by the merger of the assets of Vickers Limited and Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Company in 1927. The majority of the company was nationalised in the 1960s and 1970s, with the remainder being divested as Vickers plc in 1977. History Vickers merged with the Tyneside-based engineering company Armstrong Whitworth, founded by William Armstrong, to become Vickers-Armstrongs. Armstrong Whitworth and Vickers had developed along similar lines, expanding into various military sectors and produced a whole suite of military products. Armstrong Whitworth were notable for their artillery manufacture at Elswick and shipbuilding at a yard at High Walker on the River Tyne. 1929 saw the merger of the acquired railway business with those of Cammell Laird to form Metropolitan Cammell Carriage and Wagon (MCCW); Metro Cammell. In 1935, before rearmament began, Vickers-Armstrongs was the third-largest manufacturing emplo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swan Hunter
Swan Hunter, formerly known as Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, is a shipbuilding design, engineering, and management company, based in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England. At its apex, the company represented the combined forces of three powerful shipbuilding families: Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson. The company was responsible for some of the greatest ships of the early 20th century, most famously which held the Blue Riband for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic, and which rescued survivors from . In 2006 ''Swan Hunter'' ceased vessel construction on Tyneside, but continues to provide design engineering services. History Swan & Hunter was founded by George Burton Hunter, who formed a partnership with the widow of Charles Sheridan Swan (the owner of a Wallsend Shipbuilding business established in 1852 by Charles Mitchell) under the name in 1880. In 1903, C.S. Swan & Hunter merged with Wigham Richardson (founded by John Wigham Richardson as Neptune Works in 1860), sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Eagle
Eighteen ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS ''Eagle'', after the eagle. * was an ex-merchantman purchased in 1592 and in use as a careening hulk. She was sold in 1683. * was a 6-gun shallop sloop, listed until 1653. * was a 12-gun ship, previously the French ship ''Aigle'', captured in 1650 and sold in 1655. * was a 22-gun armed ship, previously named . She was renamed HMS ''Eagle'' in 1660, used as a fireship from 1674 and sunk as a foundation in 1694. * was a 6-gun fireship captured from the Algerians in 1670 and expended in 1671. * was a 6-gun fireship purchased in 1672 and foundered in 1673. * was a 70-gun third rate launched in 1679, rebuilt in 1699 and wrecked in 1707. * was a 10-gun advice boat launched in 1696 and wrecked in 1703. * was a fireship sunk in 1745 as a breakwater. * was a 58-gun fourth rate launched in 1745 and sold in 1767. * was a 14-gun sloop launched in 1745. Her fate is unknown. * was a 64-gun third rate launched in 1774. She wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
