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Ascaridida
The order Ascaridida includes several families of parasitic roundworms with three "lips" on the anterior end. They were formerly placed in the subclass Rhabditia by some, but morphological and DNA sequence data rather unequivocally assign them to the Spiruria. The Oxyurida and Rhigonematida are occasionally placed in the Ascaridida as superfamily Oxyuroidea, but while they seem indeed to be Spiruria, they are not as close to ''Ascaris'' as such a treatment would place them.Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002)Nematoda Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-NOV-02. These "worms" contain a number of important parasites of humans and domestic animals. Important families include: * The Anisakidae are also called the "marine mammal ascarids". The larvae of these worms cause anisakiasis when ingested by humans in raw or insufficiently cooked fish, but do not reproduce in humans. * The Ascarididae include the giant intestinal roundworms (''Ascaris'' spp.). * The Cosmocercidae include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascarididae
The Ascarididae are a family of the large intestinal roundworms. Members of the family are intestinal parasites, infecting all classes of vertebrates. It includes a number of genera,Anderson RC (2000)''Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Their Development and Transmission, 2nd ed.''CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, pp. 245-315. the most well known of which are: *'' Amplicaecum'' *'' Angusticaecum'' *''Ascaris'' *†'' Ascarites'' (fossil)Poinar Jr, G. and Boucot, A. J. (2006) Evidence of intestinal parasites of dinosaurs. ''Parasitology'', 133: 245-249. *''Baylisascaris'' *'' Crossophorus'' *'' Dujardinascaris'' *''Hexametra'' *'' Lagochilascaris'' *'' Ophidascaris'' *''Parascaris'' *'' Polydelphis'' *'' Seuratascaris'' *''Toxascaris'' *''Toxocara'' *'' Travassoascaris'' ''Ascaris lumbricoides'' is the main ascarid parasite of humans, causing ascariasis Ascariasis is a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm ''Ascaris lumbricoides''. Infections have no sympto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiruria
Subclass Spiruria comprises mostly parasitic secernentean nematodes. In an alternate classification, they are treated as suborder Spirurina, with the orders listed here being ranked as infraorders. The Ascaridida and the Oxyurida, which include worms that infect many mammals (including marine mammals), are sometimes placed in subclass Rhabditia. But that seems as spurious as the erstwhile placement of the Rhigonematida in subclass Tylenchia. The Camallanida and Drilonematida are sometimes included in the Spirurida as suborder and superfamily, respectively.ToL (2002) Some important species *Giant roundworm (''Ascaris lumbricoides''), causes ascariasis in humans *''Toxocara canis'', parasite of dogs *''Anisakis'', responsible for the human disease Anisakiasis ''Anisakis'' (a·nuh·saa·keez) is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisakid
''Anisakis'' (a·nuh·saa·keez) is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite may subsequently have an allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, after eating fish infected with ''Anisakis'' species. Etymology The genus ''Anisakis'' was defined in 1845 by Félix Dujardin as a subgenus of the genus ''Ascaris'' Linnaeus, 1758. Dujardin did not make explicit the etymology, but stated that the subgenus included the species in which the males have unequal spicules ("''mâles ayant des spicules inégaux''"); thus, the name ''Anisakis'' is based on ''anis-'' (Greek prefix for different) and ''akis'' (Greek for spine or spicule). Two species were included in the new subgenus, ''Ascaris'' (''Anisakis'') ''distans'' Rudolphi, 1809 and ''Ascaris'' (''Anisakis'') simplex Rudolphi, 1809. Life cycle ''Anisakis'' species have compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabditia
Subclass Rhabditia is mostly composed of parasitic nematodes (particularly in the Strongylida), though there are some free-living species as well (particularly in the Rhabditida). Phasmids (posterior sensory structures) are well-developed, while amphids (anterior sensory structures) are poorly developed or absent in this group. In an alternate classification system, they are treated as suborder Rhabditina, with the orders listed here being ranked as infraorders. Also, the Diplogasterida, which are sometimes considered a monotypic subclass, are probably better placed in the Rhabditia. On the other hand, the old placement of the Ascaridida in Rhabditia instead of Spiruria seems unwarranted. The Rhabditida contain a number of families which are probably better placed in the Tylenchia; alternatively, the latter group may entirely be merged with the Rhabditia.Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002b)Nematoda Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-NOV-02.ToL (2002) See also * ''Skrjab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxocaridae
The Toxocaridae are a zoonotic family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ... of parasitic nematodes that infect canids and felids and which cause toxocariasis in humans (visceral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans). The worms are unable to reproduce in humans. Notable species include: *''Toxocara canis'', which infects dogs. *''Toxocara cati'', which infects cats and lacks intermediate hosts. *''Toxascaris leonina'', which infects mostly cats, but also dogs. *''Toxocara malayasiensis'', which infects cats. *''Toxocara vitulorum'', which infects buffalo and cattle. Infection Infection by ''T. canis'' or ''T. cati'' can cause various clinical manifestations. One of these is visceral larva migrans, wherein the larvae are unable to develop in humans as they do in ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giant Intestinal Roundworm
''Ascaris'' is a genus of parasitic nematode worms known as the "small intestinal roundworms", which is a type of parasitic worm. One species, ''Ascaris lumbricoides'', affects humans and causes the disease ascariasis. Another species, ''Ascaris suum'', typically infects pigs. ''Parascaris equorum'', the equine roundworm, is also commonly called an "ascarid". Their eggs are deposited in feces and soil. Plants with the eggs on them infect any organism that consumes them. ''A. lumbricoides'' is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide. Infestation can cause morbidity by compromising nutritional status, affecting cognitive processes, inducing tissue reactions such as granuloma to larval stages, and by causing intestinal obstruction, which can be fatal. Morphology * Adult: cylindrical shape, creamy white or pinkish in color * Male: average 15–30 cm (6–12 inches); more slender than the female * Female: average 20–35&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisakiasis
''Anisakis'' (a·nuh·saa·keez) is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite may subsequently have an allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, after eating fish infected with ''Anisakis'' species. Etymology The genus ''Anisakis'' was defined in 1845 by Félix Dujardin as a subgenus of the genus ''Ascaris'' Linnaeus, 1758. Dujardin did not make explicit the etymology, but stated that the subgenus included the species in which the males have unequal spicules ("''mâles ayant des spicules inégaux''"); thus, the name ''Anisakis'' is based on ''anis-'' (Greek prefix for different) and ''akis'' (Greek for spine or spicule). Two species were included in the new subgenus, ''Ascaris'' (''Anisakis'') ''distans'' Rudolphi, 1809 and ''Ascaris'' (''Anisakis'') simplex Rudolphi, 1809. Life cycle ''Anisakis'' species have compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisakidae
The Anisakidae are a family of intestinal nematodes (roundworms). The larvae of these worms can cause anisakiasis when ingested by humans, in raw or insufficiently cooked fish. Anisakidae worms can infect many species of fish, birds, mammals and even reptiles. They have some traits that are common with other parasites. These include: spicules, tail shapes and caudal papillae. This family of parasites have a complex life cycle, meaning that they come in contact with more than one host throughout the duration of their life. Adult Anisakidae worms lay eggs in the gut of many species of marine mammals, and then these eggs are excreted from the host via fecal matter. Once these hatched larvae are in open water, they can be ingested by krill or other crustaceans. At this stage, the prevalence, or proportion of infected hosts, is rather low. The infected crustaceans can then be eaten by fish and cephalopods, where the parasite then furthers its development. Once the fish obtains the pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascaris
''Ascaris'' is a genus of parasite, parasitic nematode worms known as the "small intestinal roundworms", which is a type of parasitic worm. One species, ''Ascaris lumbricoides'', affects humans and causes the disease ascariasis. Another species, ''Ascaris suum'', typically infects pigs. ''Parascaris equorum'', the equine roundworm, is also commonly called an "ascarid". Their eggs are deposited in feces and soil. Plants with the eggs on them infect any organism that consumes them. ''A. lumbricoides'' is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide. Infestation can cause morbidity by compromising nutritional status, affecting cognitive processes, inducing tissue reactions such as granuloma to larval stages, and by causing intestinal obstruction, which can be fatal. Morphology * Adult: cylindrical shape, creamy white or pinkish in color * Male: average 15–30 cm (6–12 inches); more slender than the female * Female: average ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class ( la, classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order. History The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name (and not just called a ''top-level genus'' ''(genus summum)'') was first introduced by the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in his classification of plants that appeared in his ''Eléments de botanique'', 1694. Insofar as a general definition of a class is available, it has historically been conceived as embracing taxa that combine a distinct ''grade'' of organization—i.e. a 'level of complexity', measured in terms of how differentiated their organ systems are into distinct regions or sub-organs—with a distinct ''type'' of construction, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canids
Canidae (; from Latin, ''canis'', "dog") is a biological family of dog-like carnivorans, colloquially referred to as dogs, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (). There are three subfamilies found within the canid family, which are the extinct Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae, and the extant Caninae. The Caninae are known as canines, and include domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, jackals and other extant and extinct species. Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time. Canids vary in size from the gray wolf to the fennec fox. The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails. They are mostly social animals, living together in family units or small groups and behaving cooperatively. Typically, only the dominant pair in a group bree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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