The Anisakidae are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

of intestinal

nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...

s (roundworms). The

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

e of these worms can cause

anisakiasis ''Anisakis'' (a·nuh·saa·keez) is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite may ...

when ingested by humans, in raw or insufficiently cooked fish. Anisakidae worms can infect many species of fish, birds, mammals and even reptiles. They have some traits that are common with other parasites. These include: spicules, tail shapes and caudal papillae. This family of parasites have a complex life cycle, meaning that they come in contact with more than one host throughout the duration of their life. Adult Anisakidae worms lay eggs in the gut of many species of marine mammals, and then these eggs are excreted from the host via fecal matter. Once these hatched larvae are in open water, they can be ingested by krill or other crustaceans. At this stage, the prevalence, or proportion of infected hosts, is rather low. The infected crustaceans can then be eaten by fish and cephalopods, where the parasite then furthers its development. Once the fish obtains the parasite, it then can reach the definitive host, or final host, through the consumption of the infected fish. The prevalence of this parasite in humans is higher in places that regularly consume raw fish, such as Japan, France, Spain, and other European countries. There have been reported incidents of this parasites worldwide, but not as prevalent as the above mentioned countries.

List of genera

List of genera according to the World Register of Marine Species:Bezerra, T.N.; Decraemer, W.; Eisendle-Flöckner, U.; Hodda, M.; Holovachov, O.; Leduc, D.; Miljutin, D.; Mokievsky, V.; Peña Santiago, R.; Sharma, J.; Smol, N.; Tchesunov, A.; Venekey, V.; Zhao, Z.; Vanreusel, A. (2020). Anisakidae Skrjabin & Karokhin, 1945. In: * '' Acanthocheilus'' Molin, 1858 * ''

Anisakis ''Anisakis'' (a·nuh·saa·keez) is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving fish and marine mammals. They are infective to humans and cause anisakiasis. People who produce immunoglobulin E in response to this parasite ...

Dujardin Dujardin is a French surname, meaning "from the garden", and may refer to: * Charlotte Dujardin, British dressage rider * Édouard Dujardin, French writer * Félix Dujardin (1801–1860), French biologist * Jean Dujardin, French actor and comedia ...

, 1845 * '' Brevimulticaecum'' Mozgovoi, 1951 Mozgovoy AA. 1951. Ascaridata of mammals in the USSR (Anisakoidea). Trudy Gel’mintologicheskoy Laboratorii Akademii Nauk SSSR, 5, 14–22. n Russian/ref> * ''

Contracaecum ''Contracaecum'' is genus of parasitic nematodes from the family Anisakidae. These nematodes are parasites of warm-blooded, fish eating animals, i.e. mammals and birds, as sexually mature adults. The eggs and the successive stages of their larvae ...

Railliet Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet (also known as Alcide Railliet, born 11 March 1852 at La Neuville-lès-Wasigny in the Ardennes – died 25 December 1930) was a French veterinarian and helminthologist. Professor at the Veterinary School of Alfort, ...

& Henry, 1912 * ''

Euterranova ''Euterranova'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving elasmobranchs. The genus was created in 2020 to accommodate species which were previously included in'' Terranova'' Leiper & Atkinson, 1914 Leiper RT, Atkinson EL ...

'' Moravec & Justine, 2020 * '' Goezia'' Zeder, 1800 * ''

Neoterranova ''Neoterranova'' is a genus of parasitic nematodes that have life cycles involving sharks and reptiles. The genus was created in 2020 to accommodate species which were previously included in'' Terranova'' Leiper & Atkinson, 1914 Leiper RT, Atkin ...

'' Moravec & Justine, 2020 * '' Phocanema'' Myers, 1959 * '' Phocascaris'' Höst, 1932 * ''

Pseudoterranova ''Pseudoterranova'' is a genus within the family Anisakidae of parasitic nematodes with an aquatic life cycle. The lifecycle of ''Pseudoterranova'' spp. involves marine mammals, pinnipeds (sea lions, seals and walruses) as definitive hosts, plank ...

'' Mozgovoi, 1951 * '' Terranova'' Leiper & Atkinson, 1914 Leiper RT, Atkinson EL. 1914. Helminths of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–1913. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 222–226 ''Taxon inquirendum''

References

External links

* Nematode families Ascaridida {{parasite-animal-stub