|
Archigregarinorida
The ''Archigregarinorida'' are an order of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect marine invertebrates — usually annelids, ascidians, hemichordates and sipunculids. Taxonomy This order was redefined by Levine in 1971. The order currently consists of 76 species in two families — '' Exoschizonidae'' and '' Selenidioididae''. The family ''Exoschizonidae'' contains one genus — '' Exoschizon'' — which has one species. The family '' Selenidioididae'' has six genera: '' Filipodium'' with 3 species, '' Merogregarina'' with one species, '' Meroselenidium'' with one species, '' Platyproteum'' with one species, '' Selenidioides'' with 11 species and '' Veloxidium'' with one species. Phylogenetics DNA studies suggest that the archigregarines are ancestral to the other gregarines. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this group is paraphyletic and will need division. The Neogregarinorida appear to be derived from the Eugregarinorida. Assumin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenidioides
''Selenidioides'' are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. Th .... Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy The order Archigregarinorida was redefined by Levine in 1971.Levine N D (1971) Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) J Euk Micro 18 (4) 704-717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03401.x This reorganisation lead to the creation of two new families ( Exoschizonidae and Selenidioididae) and several genera including ''Selenidioides''. There are 11 species in this genus. Life cycle The parasites in the genus infect the gastrointestinal tract and are presumably transmitted by the orofaecal route but the details of this mechanism are presently unknown. Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenidioididae
The ''Selenidioididae'' are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy The order Archigregarinorida was redefined by Levine in 1971Levine N D (1971) Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) J Euk Micro 18 (4) 704-717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03401.x and divided into two families: Exoschizonidae The Exoschizonidae are a family in the phylum Apicomplexa. History This family was created by Levine in 1971.Levine ND (1971) Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) J Euk Microbiol 18 (4) 704–717 Taxonom ... and Selenidioididae. There are seven genera and 74 species recognised in this family. Description Species in this family undergo asexual schizogony. Life cycle The species in the family infect the gastrointestinal tract and are presumably transmitted by the orofaecal route but the details of this mechanism are prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exoschizonidae
The Exoschizonidae are a family in the phylum Apicomplexa. History This family was created by Levine in 1971.Levine ND (1971) Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) J Euk Microbiol 18 (4) 704–717 Taxonomy There is one genus currently recognised in this family - '' Exoschizon''. This genus has only one species - '' Exoschizon siphonosomae'' - which was described by Hukui in 1939.Hukui (1939) J Fac Sci Hiroshima Univ 7: 17 Description This species was found in the intestine of a sipunculid worm ('' Siphonosoma cumanense'') in Japan. The meront Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is ...s measure . There are ~13 longitudinal striations per side. The meronts and gamonts are similarly shaped. Transmission is presumably by the orof ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exoschizon
''Exoschizon'' is a genus in the phylum Apicomplexa. History This genus was created by Levine in 1971.Levine ND (1971) Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) J Euk Microbiol 18 (4) 704–717 Taxonomy There is one genus currently recognised in this family - ''Exoschizon''. This genus has only one species - '' Exoschizon siphonosomae'' - which was described by Hukui in 1939.Hukui (1939) J Fac Sci Hiroshima Univ 7: 17 Description This species was found in the intestine of a sipunculid worm ('' Siphonosoma cumanense'') in Japan. The meront Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is ...s measure . There are ~13 longitudinal striations per side. The meronts and gamonts are similarly shaped. Transmission is presumably by the orofaecal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meroselenidium
''Meroselenidium'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy This genus was described by Mackinnon and Ray in 1933. There is one species in this genus – ''Meroselenidium keilini''. Description The trophozoites live within the gut lumen. They measure 200–300 μm × 40–70 μm. There are 30–40 grooves along the body. Four refringent rods are present in the mucron. A vacuole may also be present in the mucron. Schizogony occurs in the intestinal epithelium and gives rise to multiple merozoites. Synergy is caudo-caudal. The gametocysts are 70 μm × 55 μm and give rise to multiple gametes. After fertilization the zygote A zygote (, ) is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes. The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism. In multicellula ... gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merogregarina
''Merogregarina'' is a genus of parasitic alveolate in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy This species was described in 1908 by Porter.Porter (1908) A new Schizogregarine, ''Merogregarina amaroucii'' ''nov.gen''., ''nov. sp''., parasitic in the alimentary canal of the composite Ascidian, Amaroucium sp. (Prel. Comm.). Archives de Zoologie Paris (Ser 4) 9 (xliv-xlviii) There is one species in this genus - ''Merogregarina amaroucii''. Description The trophozoites are found in the intestinal lumen. They measure 23-31 microns x 11-15 microns. They are initially ovoid and become vermiform as they mature. The single nucleus lies at the anterior end and has one nucleolus. The trophozoites develop in multinucleated schizonts which give rise to 8-20 merozoite Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugregarinorida
The ''Eugregarinorida'' are the most large and diverse order of gregarines — parasitic protists belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Eugregarines are found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. These species possess large trophozoites that are significantly different in morphology and behavior from the sporozoites. This taxon contains most of the known gregarine species. These protozoa are common parasites of many invertebrates including insects and polychete worms. Taxonomy Eugregarinorida has three recognised suborders: Aseptatorina, Blastogregarinorina and Septatorina. The intestinal eugregarines are separated into septate — suborder Septatina — and aseptate — suborder Aseptatina — depending on whether the trophozoite is superficially divided by a transverse septum. The marine gregarines are the most poorly studied members of this order. The eugregarines have been classified into 27 families with ~244 genera, 14 of which have more than 25 species each. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veloxidium
''Veloxidium'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy This species was described in 2012 by Wakeman and Leander.Wakeman KC, Leander BS (2012) Molecular phylogeny of Pacific Archigregarines (Apicomplexa), including descriptions of ''Veloxidium leptosynaptae'' ''n. gen.'', ''n. sp.'', from the sea cucumber Leptosynapta clarki (Echinodermata), and two new species of ''Selenidium''. J Eukaryot Microbiol 59(3):232-45. There is one species in this genus - ''Veloxidium leptosynaptae''. Description This species infects the sea cucumber ''Leptosynapta clarki''. Life cycle The parasite infects the gastrointestinal tract and is presumably transmitted by the orofaecal route but the details of this mechanism are presently unknown. References Apicomplexa genera {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apicomplexa
The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. The organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetration of a host cell. The Apicomplexa are unicellular and spore-forming. All species are obligate endoparasites of animals, except '' Nephromyces'', a symbiont in marine animals, originally classified as a chytrid fungus. Motile structures such as flagella or pseudopods are present only in certain gamete stages. The Apicomplexa are a diverse group that includes organisms such as the coccidia, gregarines, piroplasms, haemogregarines, and plasmodia. Diseases caused by Apicomplexa include: * Babesiosis (''Babesia'') * Malaria (''Plasmodium'') * Cryptosporidiosis (''Cryptosporidium parvum'') * Cyclosporiasis (''Cyclospora cayetanensis'') * Cystoisosporiasis (''Cystoisosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with Arthropod, arthropods, Tardigrade, tardigrades and other moulting animalia, animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike platyhelminthe, flatworms, have tubular digestion, digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyletic
In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In contrast, a monophyletic group (a clade) includes a common ancestor and ''all'' of its descendants. The terms are commonly used in phylogenetics (a subfield of biology) and in the tree model of historical linguistics. Paraphyletic groups are identified by a combination of Synapomorphy and apomorphy, synapomorphies and symplesiomorphy, symplesiomorphies. If many subgroups are missing from the named group, it is said to be polyparaphyletic. The term was coined by Willi Hennig to apply to well-known taxa like Reptilia (reptiles) which, as commonly named and traditionally defined, is paraphyletic with respect to mammals and birds. Reptilia contains the last common ancestor of reptiles a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haemosporidia
Haemosporidiasina (Haemosporidia) is a subclass of apicomplexans described by Jacques Euzéby in 1988.Euzéby, J. (1988) Comparative Medical Protozoology, Vol. 3: Apicomplexa, 2: Haemosporidioses, Part 1: Plasmodiids, Haemoproteids, "Piroplasms" (general characters) The taxon is very similar to Aconoidasida. Taxonomy Haemosporidiasina is divided into 2 orders: Order Chromatorida (with pigmented intraerythrocytic parasites) Suborder Laveraniina *Family Plasmodiidae ** Genus ''Bioccala'' Landau ''et al'' 1984 ** Genus ''Biguetiella'' Landau ''et al'' 1984 ** Genus ''Billbraya'' Paperna & Landau 1990 ** Genus ''Dionisia'' Landau ''et al'' 1980 ** Genus ''Hepatocystis'' Miller 1908 ** Genus ''Mesnilium'' Misra, Haldar & Chakravarty 1972 ** Genus ''Nycteria'' Garnham and Heisch 1953 ** Genus ''Plasmodium'' Marchiafava & Celli 1885 ** Genus ''Polychromophilus'' Landau ''et al'' 1984 ** Genus ''Rayella'' Dasgupta 1967 ** Genus ''Saurocytozoon'' Lainson & Shaw 1969 ** Genus ''Vetufe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
