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Selenidioididae
The ''Selenidioididae'' are a family of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy The order Archigregarinorida was redefined by Levine in 1971Levine N D (1971) Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) J Euk Micro 18 (4) 704-717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03401.x and divided into two families: Exoschizonidae The Exoschizonidae are a family in the phylum Apicomplexa. History This family was created by Levine in 1971.Levine ND (1971) Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) J Euk Microbiol 18 (4) 704–717 Taxonom ... and Selenidioididae. There are seven genera and 74 species recognised in this family. Description Species in this family undergo asexual schizogony. Life cycle The species in the family infect the gastrointestinal tract and are presumably transmitted by the orofaecal route but the details of this mechanism are prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archigregarinorida
The ''Archigregarinorida'' are an order of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this order infect marine invertebrates — usually annelids, ascidians, hemichordates and sipunculids. Taxonomy This order was redefined by Levine in 1971. The order currently consists of 76 species in two families — '' Exoschizonidae'' and '' Selenidioididae''. The family ''Exoschizonidae'' contains one genus — '' Exoschizon'' — which has one species. The family '' Selenidioididae'' has six genera: '' Filipodium'' with 3 species, '' Merogregarina'' with one species, '' Meroselenidium'' with one species, '' Platyproteum'' with one species, '' Selenidioides'' with 11 species and '' Veloxidium'' with one species. Phylogenetics DNA studies suggest that the archigregarines are ancestral to the other gregarines. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that this group is paraphyletic and will need division. The Neogregarinorida appear to be derived from the Eugregarinorida. Assumin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenidioides
''Selenidioides'' are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. Th .... Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy The order Archigregarinorida was redefined by Levine in 1971.Levine N D (1971) Taxonomy of the Archigregarinorida and Selenidiidae (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) J Euk Micro 18 (4) 704-717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1971.tb03401.x This reorganisation lead to the creation of two new families ( Exoschizonidae and Selenidioididae) and several genera including ''Selenidioides''. There are 11 species in this genus. Life cycle The parasites in the genus infect the gastrointestinal tract and are presumably transmitted by the orofaecal route but the details of this mechanism are presently unknown. Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merogregarina
''Merogregarina'' is a genus of parasitic alveolate in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy This species was described in 1908 by Porter.Porter (1908) A new Schizogregarine, ''Merogregarina amaroucii'' ''nov.gen''., ''nov. sp''., parasitic in the alimentary canal of the composite Ascidian, Amaroucium sp. (Prel. Comm.). Archives de Zoologie Paris (Ser 4) 9 (xliv-xlviii) There is one species in this genus - ''Merogregarina amaroucii''. Description The trophozoites are found in the intestinal lumen. They measure 23-31 microns x 11-15 microns. They are initially ovoid and become vermiform as they mature. The single nucleus lies at the anterior end and has one nucleolus. The trophozoites develop in multinucleated schizonts which give rise to 8-20 merozoite Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meroselenidium
''Meroselenidium'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy This genus was described by Mackinnon and Ray in 1933. There is one species in this genus – ''Meroselenidium keilini''. Description The trophozoites live within the gut lumen. They measure 200–300 μm × 40–70 μm. There are 30–40 grooves along the body. Four refringent rods are present in the mucron. A vacuole may also be present in the mucron. Schizogony occurs in the intestinal epithelium and gives rise to multiple merozoites. Synergy is caudo-caudal. The gametocysts are 70 μm × 55 μm and give rise to multiple gametes. After fertilization the zygote A zygote (, ) is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes. The zygote's genome is a combination of the DNA in each gamete, and contains all of the genetic information of a new individual organism. In multicellula ... gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veloxidium
''Veloxidium'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy This species was described in 2012 by Wakeman and Leander.Wakeman KC, Leander BS (2012) Molecular phylogeny of Pacific Archigregarines (Apicomplexa), including descriptions of ''Veloxidium leptosynaptae'' ''n. gen.'', ''n. sp.'', from the sea cucumber Leptosynapta clarki (Echinodermata), and two new species of ''Selenidium''. J Eukaryot Microbiol 59(3):232-45. There is one species in this genus - ''Veloxidium leptosynaptae''. Description This species infects the sea cucumber ''Leptosynapta clarki''. Life cycle The parasite infects the gastrointestinal tract and is presumably transmitted by the orofaecal route but the details of this mechanism are presently unknown. References Apicomplexa genera {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylum
In biology, a phylum (; plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 31 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about 8 phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships between phyla, which are contained in larger clades, like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta. General description The term phylum was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel from the Greek (, "race, stock"), related to (, "tribe, clan"). Haeckel noted that species constantly evolved into new species that seemed to retain few consistent features among themselves and therefore few features that distinguished them as a group ("a self-contained unity" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitic
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes. There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endoparasite lives inside the host's body; an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyproteum
The ''Platyproteum'' are a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. T .... Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. Taxonomy This genus was created in 2009 by Sonja Reuckert and Brian Leander. There is one species in this genus - ''Platyproteum vivax''. This species was moved from the genus '' Selenidium''. It appears to be related to '' Filipodium phascolosomae''. Description This parasite is tape like. Life cycle The parasite infects the gastrointestinal tract and is presumably transmitted by the orofaecal route but the details of this mechanism are presently unknown. References Conoidasida Apicomplexa genera {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAR Supergroup
The SAR supergroup, also just SAR or Harosa, is a clade that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria. The name is an acronym derived from the first letters of each of these clades; it has been alternatively spelled "RAS". The term "Harosa" (at the subkingdom level) has also been used. The SAR supergroup is a node-based taxon. Note that as a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names refer to the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise. Members of the SAR supergroup were once included under the separate supergroups Chromalveolata (Chromista and Alveolata) and Rhizaria, until phylogenetic studies confirmed that stramenopiles and alveolates diverged with Rhizaria. This apparently excluded haptophytes and cryptomonads, leading Okamoto ''et al.'' (2009) to propose the clade Hacrobia to accommodate them. Phylogeny Based on a compi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filipodium
''Filipodium'' is a genus of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates. Most of them possess a unique form of organelle that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast, and an apical complex structure. Th .... Species in this genus infect marine invertebrates. This genus was described by Hukui in 1939. Taxonomy The type species is ''Filipodium ozakai''. Description The mucron is broadly funnel-shaped with papillae around its rim. The gamonts are elongate, with longitudinal striations and with many protrusible filaments emerging from beneath the pellicle. The gametocysts have numerous oocysts. The gametes are dissimilar: the male gametes are not flagellated. The oocysts are ellipsoidal or ovoid and have 8 sporozoites. Life cycle The species infects sipunculid worms. The parasite infects the gastrointestinal tract and is presumably transmitted by the orofaecal rout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
