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Anushirwan
Anushirwan Khan ( fa, انوشیروان خان, ''Anūshīrvān Khān'') occupied the Ilkhanate, Ilkhanid throne from 1344 until his death in 1357. He was a puppet of the Chobanids, Chobanid ruler Malek Ashraf and possessed no power of his own. He is notable for being the last of the Ilkhan dynasty to have coins struck in his name. Anushirwan's origins are obscure. One account suggests that Malek Ashraf's wardrobe keeper, a certain Nushirvan, was raised to the throne and given the name ''Anushirvan'', after the famous Sasanian Empire, Sasanian king Khosrow I, Khosrow I Anushirvan. The Chobanids struck coins in his name until 1357.Ömer Diler, ''Ilkhans: Coinage of the Persian Mongols'' (Istanbul 2006), pp. 539-40. References Sources * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Anushirwan 1357 deaths Il-Khan emperors 14th-century monarchs in Asia Year of birth unknown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suleiman Khan
Suleiman Khan () was a Chobanid puppet for the throne of the Ilkhanate during the breakdown of central authority in Persia. Life His birth name was Ilyas and descended from the great-grandson of the Ilkhan Hülegü's third son Yoshmut. Like Jalayirid puppet Jahan Temür, his ancestors were fallen out of favor in Ilkhanate. Yoshmut lost a qurultai to Abaqa in 1265 and died on 18 Jul 1271. Yoshmut's son and Ilyas' grandfather Sogai were executed for treason against Arghun in 1289. Ilyas was raised to the throne around May 1339 by the Chobanid Hasan Kucek and was given title Suleiman Khan. He then married Sati Beg, who had previously been Hasan Kucek's puppet Ilkhan despite being very younger than her. Suleiman was present at the battle on the Jaghatu against the Jalayirids under Hasan Buzurg in June 1340; the Chobanids emerged victorious. Around 1341 the Sarbadars, in an attempt to foster an alliance with the Chobanids, accepted Hasan Kucek as their suzerain, and also recognized Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khosrow I
Khosrow I (also spelled Khosrau, Khusro or Chosroes; pal, 𐭧𐭥𐭮𐭫𐭥𐭣𐭩; New Persian: []), traditionally known by his epithet of Anushirvan ( [] "the Immortal Soul"), was the Sasanian Empire, Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 531 to 579. He was the son and successor of Kavad I (). Inheriting a reinvigorated empire at war with the Byzantines, Khosrow I made a peace treaty with them in 532, known as the Perpetual Peace, in which the Byzantine emperor Justinian I paid 11,000 pounds of gold to the Sasanians. Khosrow then focused on consolidating his power, executing conspirators, including his uncle Bawi. Dissatisfied with the actions of the Byzantine clients and vassals, the Ghassanids, and encouraged by the Ostrogoth envoys from Italy, Khosrow violated the peace treaty and declared war against the Byzantines in 540. He sacked the city of Antioch, bathed in the Mediterranean Sea at Seleucia Pieria, and held chariot races at Apamea where he made the Blue Factio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, officially known as ''Iranzamin'' (), was ruled by the Mongols, Mongol House of Hulagu. Hulagu Khan, the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the Middle Eastern part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1260. Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern Iraq, Syria, Armenia, Georgia (country), Georgia, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, part of modern Dagestan, and part of modern Tajikistan. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with Ghazan in 1295, converted to Islam. In the 1330s, the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the Black Death. Its last khan Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty), Abu Sa'id died in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malek Ashraf
Malek Ashraf (), (-1357) was a Chupanid ruler of northwestern Iran during the 14th century. He was the last of the Chupanids to possess a significant influence within Ilkhanate. Early years He was the second son of Timurtash and his wife Daulat Khatun, born sometime after Hasan Kucek. He was imprisoned with his brothers in Karahisar by Abu Sa'id after their father's execution. Malek Asraf distinguished himself while serving under his brother Hasan Kucek, defeating an army of Khurasan sent by Togha Temur against Hasan in 1341. He then became embroiled in the conflict with the Injuids over Shiraz. Malek Ashraf received a request for assistance by the Injuid Abu Ishaq against his cousin Pir Hosayn, following which Malek defeated Pir Hosayn in August 1342, allowing Abu Ishaq to temporarily regain control of Shiraz. De-facto reign Upon the death of Hasan Kucek in 1343, the Chobanid lands were at first split between Malek and his uncles Yagi Basti and Surgan. However, the divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilkhan
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, officially known as ''Iranzamin'' (), was ruled by the Mongols, Mongol House of Hulagu. Hulagu Khan, the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the Middle Eastern part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1260. Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern Iraq, Syria, Armenia, Georgia (country), Georgia, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, part of modern Dagestan, and part of modern Tajikistan. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with Ghazan in 1295, converted to Islam. In the 1330s, the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the Black Death. Its last khan Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty), Abu Sa'id died in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazan II
Ghazan II () was the last nominal ruler of the Ilkhanate. Life His existence is known through works of medieval authors and numismatics, but otherwise is unattested in history. He appears to have been a puppet of Malek Ashraf in 1356. According to Abū Bakr al-Qutbī al-Ahrī, author of ''Tarikh-i Uways'', when Jani Beg demanded Malek Ashraf to submit in 1357, he replied: "He is the padishah of the ulus of Berke, he has nothing to do with the ulus of Abaqa, for here the ruler is Ghazan and the emirate is mine." He was mentioned by Nur al-Din Azhdari in his ''Ghazan-nama'', whose father Shams al-Din Muhammad served Ghazan II. His coins have been minted in Mardin (1356), Qom (1357), Soltaniyeh, Maragha, Ray, Ani, Barda, Ganja, Khoy, Mamaqan, Nakhchivan, Sharur, Tabriz, Tbilisi, Urmia Urmia or Orumiyeh ( fa, ارومیه, Variously transliterated as ''Oroumieh'', ''Oroumiyeh'', ''Orūmīyeh'' and ''Urūmiyeh''.) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Il-Khan Emperors
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, officially known as ''Iranzamin'' (), was ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu. Hulagu Khan, the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the Middle Eastern part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1260. Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern Iraq, Syria, Armenia, Georgia, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, part of modern Dagestan, and part of modern Tajikistan. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with Ghazan in 1295, converted to Islam. In the 1330s, the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the Black Death. Its last khan Abu Sa'id died in 1335, after which the khanate disintegrated. The I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tbilisi
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the Capital city, capital and the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Caspian Sea), Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Tbilisi was founded in the 5th century Anno Domini, AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia, and since then has served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, Tiflis was the seat of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty, governing both the North Caucasus, northern and the Transcaucasia, southern parts of the Caucasus. Because of its location on the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history Tbilisi was a point of contention among various global powers. The city's location to this day ensures its p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chobanids
The Chobanids or the Chupanids ( fa, سلسله امرای چوپانی) were descendants of a Mongol family of the Suldus clan that came to prominence in 14th century Persia. At first serving under the Ilkhans, they took ''de facto'' control of the territory after the fall of the Ilkhanate. The Chobanids ruled over Azerbaijan (where they were based), Arrān, parts of Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and west central Persia, while the Jalayirids took control in Baghdad. Amir Chupan and his sons During the early 14th century, Amir Chupan served under three successive Ilkhans, beginning with Ghazan Mahmud. A military commander of note, Chupan quickly gained a degree of influence over the Ilkhans and married several members of the line of Hulagu Khan. His power fueled resentment among the nobility, who conspired against him in 1319 but failed. The Ilkhan Abu Sa'id, however, also disliked Chupan's influence and successfully eliminated him from court. He fled in 1327 to Herat, where t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the History of Iran, last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th centuries AD. Named after the Sasanian dynasty, House of Sasan, it endured for over four centuries, from 224 to 651 AD, making it the longest-lived List of monarchs of Persia, Persian imperial dynasty. The Sasanian Empire succeeded the Parthian Empire, and re-established the Persians as a major power in late antiquity alongside its neighbouring arch-rival, the Roman Empire (after 395 the Byzantine Empire).Norman A. Stillman ''The Jews of Arab Lands'' pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies ''Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1–3'' pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 2006 The empire was founded by Ardashir I, an Iranian ruler who rose to po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ömer Diler
Ömer Diler (1945, Istanbul – 18 March 2005, Istanbul) was a Turkish numismatist specializing in Islamic coins. His posthumous book ''Ilkhans'' is the definitive work on the coinage of the Ilkhanate. Ömer Diler was trained as a chemical engineer but became interested in numismatics in 1972 when he received a rare gold coin of the Ottoman Empire as a gift. He wrote a number of articles for the Turkish Numismatic Society (''Türk Numismatik Derneği'') and was also a contributing editor of the American Numismatic Society. In 1981, Diler published a book with Garo Kürkman on the coinage of the Anatolian beylik of 'Alâiye. His 2001 work ''Şehir Lakapları'' (''Titles and Epithets of Islamic Towns'') represents a major contribution to the knowledge of the orthography and locations of Islamic mint towns. This work has become the standard reference on the subject. In 1993 at the suggestion of Cüneyt Ölçer, Diler began work on what would become a comprehensive book on the coina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1357 Deaths
Year 1357 ( MCCCLVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February 3 – The Estates General in France meets and passes Étienne Marcel's Great Ordinance in an attempt to impose limits on the monarchy, in particular in fiscal and monetary matters. * April 28 – Erik Magnusson is recognized as king of most of Sweden, in opposition to his father, King Magnus. * May 28 – Peter I becomes King of Portugal, after the death of his father, Alfonso IV. * July 9 – Formal start of construction on Charles Bridge in Prague. * July 22 – On the death of Jani Beg, he is succeeded as Khan of the Blue Horde by his son Berdi Beg who orders the death of at least 12 of his close kinsmen to secure his position. * October 3 – The Treaty of Berwick ends the Second War of Scottish Independence and King David II of Scotland is released by the English in return for a ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
