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Antarctosuchus
''Antarctosuchus'' is an extinct genus of capitosauroid temnospondyl known from the Middle Triassic upper Fremouw Formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. It contains a single species, ''Antarctosuchus polyodon''. Discovery ''Antarctosuchus'' was named by Christian A. Sidor, J. Sébastien Steyer and William R. Hammer in 2014 and the type species is ''Antarctosuchus polyodon''. The generic name refers to Antarctica, where the only known specimen was collected, and ''suchus'', a common suffix for temnospondyls Latinized from the Greek ''souchos'', an Egyptian crocodile god. The specific name, ''polyodon'', is derived from the Greek πολύς (''polús'') "much", "many" and ὀδών (''odon''), "tooth", in reference to its unique teeth morphology. ''Antarctosuchus'' is known solely from its holotype, a large and relatively complete skull. It was collected form the upper Fremouw Formation in the central Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica, dating to the Midd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctosuchus (43288383991)
''Antarctosuchus'' is an extinct genus of capitosauroid temnospondyl known from the Middle Triassic upper Fremouw Formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. It contains a single species, ''Antarctosuchus polyodon''. Discovery ''Antarctosuchus'' was named by Christian A. Sidor, J. Sébastien Steyer and William R. Hammer in 2014 and the type species is ''Antarctosuchus polyodon''. The generic name refers to Antarctica, where the only known specimen was collected, and ''suchus'', a common suffix for temnospondyls Latinized from the Greek ''souchos'', an Egyptian crocodile god. The specific name, ''polyodon'', is derived from the Greek πολύς (''polús'') "much", "many" and ὀδών (''odon''), "tooth", in reference to its unique teeth morphology. ''Antarctosuchus'' is known solely from its holotype, a large and relatively complete skull. It was collected form the upper Fremouw Formation in the central Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica, dating to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2014 In Paleontology
Plants Cnidarians Newly described cnidarians Arthropods Bryozoans Newly described bryozoans Brachiopods Molluscs Echinoderms Conodonts Newly described conodonts Fishes Amphibians Basalmost tetrapods Temnospondyls Research * Specimens of ''Micromelerpeton crederni'' with abnormalities in their limbs interpreted as a result of limb regeneration are described by Fröbisch, Bickelmann and Witzmann (2014). * Redescription of '' Mahavisaurus dentatus'' and '' Lyrosaurus australis'' and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the rhytidosteids is published by Maganuco, Pasini & Auditore (2014). New taxa Chroniosuchians Lissamphibians Research * The humerus bone of a large calyptocephalellid anuran, apparently one of the largest fossil anurans known to date, is described by Otero ''et al.'' (2014) from the Eocene of Chile. New taxa Reptiles Synapsids Non-mammalian synapsids Research * A study on the diel activity patterns of non-mammalian syn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fremouw Formation
The Fremouw Formation is a Triassic-age rock formation in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. It contains the oldest known fossils of tetrapods from Antarctica, including synapsids, reptiles and amphibians. Fossilized trees have also been found. The formation's beds were deposited along the banks of rivers and on floodplains. During the Triassic, the area would have been a riparian forest at 70–75°S latitude. Stratigraphy The Fremouw Formation is mostly Triassic in age, with the oldest rocks dating back to the latest Permian. Much of the formation is quartzose sandstone that was deposited in stream beds. It overlies the Permian Buckley Formation, which consists of coal and ''Glossopteris'' fossils. The formation is informally divided into lower, middle, and upper units. Most fossils are found in the Lower Fremouw Formation. Here, bones are preserved in fine grained siltstones and mudstones, coarse grained channel sandstones, and conglomerates. Paleoenvironment W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capitosauroidea
The Mastodonsauroidea are an extinct superfamily of temnospondyl amphibians known from the Triassic. Fossils belonging to this superfamily have been found in North America, Greenland, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The genus ''Ferganobatrachus'' from the Jurassic of Asia was initially included in this superfamily but later reinterpreted as a brachyopid and given a new name Gobiops ''Gobiops'' is an extinct genus of temnospondyl from the Jurassic of Mongolia, China, and possibly Kyrgyzstan. The genus is represented by a single species, ''Gobiops desertus''. It was named in 1991 from the Late Jurassic Shar Teeg Beds of Mong .... ReferencesThe Paleobiology Database*& 2007 "Revision of the type material and nomenclature of ''Mastodonsaurus giganteus'' (Jaeger) (Temnospondyli) from the middle Triassic of Germany" ''Palaeontology'' 505:1245-1266 External links Vertebrate superfamilies Triassic temnospondyls Jurassic temnospondyls Early Triassic first appearances Middle J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Early Triassic Epoch and followed by the Late Triassic Epoch. The Middle Triassic is divided into the Anisian and Ladinian ages or stages. Formerly the middle series in the Triassic was also known as Muschelkalk. This name is now only used for a specific unit of rock strata with approximately Middle Triassic age, found in western Europe. Middle Triassic fauna Following the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the most devastating of all mass-extinctions, life recovered slowly. In the Middle Triassic, many groups of organisms reached higher diversity again, such as the marine reptiles (e.g. ichthyosaurs, sauropterygians, thallatosaurs), ray-finned fish and many invertebrate groups like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benthosuchus
''Benthosuchus'' (meaning "deep water crocodile") is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Early Triassic of Russia. It was primarily aquatic, living in rivers and lakes. Multiple species are known, with the largest reaching about 2.5 meters in length. Russian paleontologist Ivan Yefremov fremovcalled the genus ''Benthosaurus'' "deep water lizard" (from Ancient Greek βένθος (''benthos'') "depth, deep water") in his original 1929 description, "in view of its clearly indicated adaptation to life in deep water" shown by "the position of the orbits and the flatness of the skull." The type species ''B. sushkini'' honored his late teacher Petr Sushkin. The generic name was preoccupied by ''Benthosaurus'' Goode & Bean, 1886, a fish, and he renamed the genus ''Benthosuchus'' ("deep water crocodile") in 1937.Efremov, I. A. (1929). ''Benthosaurus sushkini'', ein neuer Labyrinthodont der permotriassischen Ablagerungen der Sharschenga Flusses. ''Bulletin of the Acad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parotosuchus
''Parotosuchus'' is an extinct genus of capitosaurian temnospondyl amphibians within the family Mastodonsauridae. Fossils are known from the Early Triassic of Europe, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. It was about long and likely lived in aquatic environments such as lakes and rivers. ''Parotosuchus'' was covered in a scaly skin, unlike the smooth skin of modern-day amphibians, and probably moved with an eel-like motion in the water. ''Parotosuchus'' was originally named ''Parotosaurus''. However, the name ''Parotosaurus'' was preoccupied by a genus of skinks, and in 1968 the name ''Parotosuchus'' was proposed as a replacement. The name ''Archotosaurus'' was also proposed as a replacement name in 1976, although the author who proposed this was unaware that ''Parotosuchus'' was already in use. Because the name ''Parotosuchus'' was erected earlier than ''Archotosaurus'', it has priority. References Further reading *Parotosuchus (Temnospondyli: Mastodonsauridae) from the Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxilla
The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw. Structure In humans, the maxilla consists of: * The body of the maxilla * Four processes ** the zygomatic process ** the frontal process of maxilla ** the alveolar process ** the palatine process * three surfaces – anterior, posterior, medial * the Infraorbital foramen * the maxillary sinus * the incisive foramen Articulations Each maxilla articulates with nine bones: * two of the cranium: the frontal and ethmoid * seven of the face: the nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatine Bone
In anatomy, the palatine bones () are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species, located above the uvula in the throat. Together with the maxillae, they comprise the hard palate. (''Palate'' is derived from the Latin ''palatum''.) Structure The palatine bones are situated at the back of the nasal cavity between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. They contribute to the walls of three cavities: the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity, the roof of the mouth, and the floor of the orbits. They help to form the pterygopalatine and pterygoid fossae, and the inferior orbital fissures. Each palatine bone somewhat resembles the letter L, and consists of a horizontal plate, a perpendicular plate, and three projecting processes—the pyramidal process, which is directed backward and lateral from the junction of the two parts, and the orbital and sphenoidal processes, which surmount the vertical part, and are separated by a dee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invertebrate
Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms and cnidarians. The majority of animal species are invertebrates; one estimate puts the figure at 97%. Many invertebrate taxa have a greater number and variety of species than the entire subphylum of Vertebrata. Invertebrates vary widely in size, from 50 μm (0.002 in) rotifers to the 9–10 m (30–33 ft) colossal squid. Some so-called invertebrates, such as the Tunicata and Cephalochordata, are more closely related to vertebrates than to other invertebrates. This makes the invertebrates paraphyletic, so the term has little meaning in taxonomy. Etymology The word "invertebrate" comes from the Latin word ''vertebra'', whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occiput
The occipital bone () is a cranial dermal bone and the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). It is trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself like a shallow dish. The occipital bone overlies the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. At the base of skull in the occipital bone, there is a large oval opening called the foramen magnum, which allows the passage of the spinal cord. Like the other cranial bones, it is classed as a flat bone. Due to its many attachments and features, the occipital bone is described in terms of separate parts. From its front to the back is the basilar part, also called the basioccipital, at the sides of the foramen magnum are the lateral parts, also called the exoccipitals, and the back is named as the squamous part. The basilar part is a thick, somewhat quadrilateral piece in front of the foramen magnum and directed towards the pharynx. The squamous part is the curved, expanded plate behind the foramen magnum and is the largest part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autapomorphic
In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon. That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may be a species, family or in general any clade). It can therefore be considered an apomorphy in relation to a single taxon. The word ''autapomorphy'', first introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig, is derived from the Greek words αὐτός, ''autos'' "self"; ἀπό, ''apo'' "away from"; and μορφή, ''morphḗ'' = "shape". Discussion Because autapomorphies are only present in a single taxon, they do not convey information about relationship. Therefore, autapomorphies are not useful to infer phylogenetic relationships. However, autapomorphy, like synapomorphy and plesiomorphy is a relative concept depending on the taxon in question. An autapomorphy at a given level may well be a synapomorphy at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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