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Amarna Letter EA 27
Amarna letter EA 27 is a letter addressed to Amenhotep IV and concerns "The Missing Gold Statues Again". The letter is dated to a period within the very beginning of the second regnal year of the pharaoh, and was written by Tushratta, who was living at Washukanni. At the time the pharaoh was located at Thebes, Egypt, Thebes. The letter is thought to contain a reference to a royal funeral.P.F. Dorman Causing His Name To Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane (page 71)''Culture and History of the Ancient Near East'', BRILL, 8 Oct 2009, 256 pages, [Retrieved 2015-07-03] See also *List of Amarna letters by size **Amarna letter EA 5, Amarna letter EA 9, EA 9, Amarna letter EA 15, EA 15, Amarna letter EA 19, EA 19, Amarna letter EA 26, EA 26, EA 27, Amarna letter EA 35, EA 35, Amarna letter EA 38, EA 38 **Amarna letter EA 153, EA 153, Amarna letter EA 161, EA 161, Amarna letter EA 288, EA 288, Amarna letter EA 364, EA 364, Amarna letter EA 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amenhotep IV
Akhenaten (pronounced ), also spelled Echnaton, Akhenaton, ( egy, ꜣḫ-n-jtn ''ʾŪḫə-nə-yātəy'', , meaning "Effective for the Aten"), was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh reigning or 1351–1334 BC, the tenth ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Before the fifth year of his reign, he was known as Amenhotep IV ( egy, jmn-ḥtp, links=no, meaning "Amun is satisfied", Hellenized as ''Amenophis IV''). As a pharaoh, Akhenaten is noted for abandoning Egypt's traditional polytheism and introducing Atenism, or worship centered around Aten. The views of Egyptologists differ as to whether the religious policy was absolutely monotheistic, or whether it was monolatry, syncretistic, or henotheistic. This culture shift away from traditional religion was reversed after his death. Akhenaten's monuments were dismantled and hidden, his statues were destroyed, and his name excluded from lists of rulers compiled by later pharaohs. Traditional religious practice was gradually restored, not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 35
Amarna letter EA 35, titled ''The Hand of Nergal,'' is a moderate length clay tablet letter from the king of Alashiya (modern Cyprus) to the king (pharaoh) of Egypt (photo, high resolutio. The letter has multiple short paragraphs, with scribed, single-lines showing the paragraphing. Paragraphs I-VII are on the letter's obverse; paragraph VIII starts at the bottom edge and continues, ending at Paragraph XIII on the clay tablet's reverse. The letter is located in the British Museum, no. 29788. The clay surface shows a gloss, implying a quality of the clay preparation. Small edges/ corners of the clay tablet letter are broken, damaged, or missing. The topics of the letter concern an epidemic afflicting the country: ''The Hand of Nergal'', trade for silver and copper (copper from Alašiya), and timber. A discussion of politics, concerning island individuals, and the two countries' messengers concern the second half of the letter. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 367
Amarna letter EA 367, titled ''From the Pharaoh to a Vassal,'' is a medium-small, square clay tablet Amarna letter to Endaruta of Achshaph, (Akšapa of the letters), one of only about 10 letters of the el-Amarna corpus, that is from the Pharaoh of Egypt to his correspondent. (Two of the Pharaonic letters are lists, and not a 'letter' per se.) The letter is distinctive in that, 1- there are basically no spaces between the Akkadian language cuneiform signs, (lines 3, 4, 5 (end Para I scribe-line), and lines 6, 7, and 8), on the letter, and, 2- only a few segue-spaces (sections with no signs, except at the end of some text lines – no segue spaces in the middle of the text, tablet obverse). And, some text extends to the right (the cuneiform starts at the left margin) into the right side of the clay tablet's pillow shaped thickness, and further into the reverse side, which would appear upside down in the text of the reverse. (See photo of Amarna letter EA 9, bottom right of rever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 365
Amarna letter EA 365, titled ''Furnishing Corvée Workers,'' is a squarish, mostly flat clay tablet, but thick enough (pillow-shaped), to contain text that continues toward the right margin, the right side of the obverse side, and also to the right side of the reverse side of the tablet. The text is continuous, such that a final line (line 31) is needed, and is written on a final available edge of the tablet – thus text is found upon 5 sections — ''Obverse, Bottom Edge, Reverse, Top Edge,'' and ''Side''. Letter EA 365 is authored by Biridiya of Megiddo and is written to the Pharaoh of Egypt (in the 14th century BC, Egypt referred to as Mizri/Miṣri). The letter's subject is the harvesting of crops by corvée (forced) labor men/women. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are mid 14th century BC, about 1360 BC and 35? years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 364
Amarna letter EA 364, titled ''Justified War,'' is a clay tablet letter from Ayyab, ruler of Aštartu, to Pharaoh Akhenaten (1350s–1330s BC). It is one of the Amarna letters, 382 in total, dating from c. 1360 – c. 1332 BC. The initial corpus of letters were found at the city of Amarna, founded by Akhenaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh. The letter is a reply to the pharaoh referring to a letter from the pharaoh's messenger Tahmassi. In it, Ayyab, ''governing-man'' (often—("who/which"-( ša))-"man, city")- Aštartu, who is in control of one of the city-states in Canaan, is stating his commitment to guarding the city (and the region), after three cities in the region were taken in attacks by Habiru raiders. The tablet measures about 4 in x 2.3 in and is in relatively pristine condition. Because of its narrowness, each line averages only between 4 and 7 cuneiform characters in the Akkadian language. Glossenkeils used in letter 364: Text Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 288
Amarna letter EA 288, titled ''Benign Neglect,'' is a tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 7.5 in tall x 4.5 in wide, broken into two pieces, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem, of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe"; EA 288 is a moderately long, and involved letter. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, Text corpus, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the text corpus, body of letters. Letter EA 288 (also see here-(Obverse), is numbered VAT 1643, from the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin. ''A summary of letter structure:'' EA 288 begins with a short address to the Pharaoh. Immediately, 3 segue paragraphs begin the letter, as "dramatic statements" b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 161
Amarna letter EA 161, titled ''An Absence Explained'', is a tall clay tablet letter of 8 paragraphs, with single paragraphing lines. The surface is somewhat degraded, but most cuneiform signs that remain (undamaged corners, or scrapes contain lost signs, added by context per translation), allow for a relative complete translation context for the letter, and the eight paragraphs. The clay tablet is no. BM 29818 at the British Museum; the number is visible at the top of the tablet, above Para I-(in ''black ink'', the top half of the number visible). The letter is about 3.2 in wide x 4.7 in tall, and probably slightly less than 1.0 inch thick. The text of the letter does not end at the right margin of the letter; instead the text appears to use the side of the clay tablet. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 25? years later, Text corpus, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 153
Amarna letter EA 153, titled ''Ships on Hold,'' is a short-length clay tablet letter from Abimilku of the island (at Amarna letters time) of city-state Tyre. EA 153 is approximately tall x wide, (actually 3 1/16 x 2 1/16 inches), and has a missing flaked, lower right corner on its obverse affecting two lines of text. One line repeats ''"...King, Lord-mine...,"'' allowing for only one line of more difficult restoration. The letter shows a high-gloss surface on the clay tablet, and being a short letter, has only 5 to 8/9 cuneiform characters per line. It contains one special cuneiform sign for ''ship'', MÁ, MÁ (ship Sumerogram), a sign used in both the Amarna letters, and the ''Epic of Gilgamesh''. Also, the letter's scribe used mostly 'very-short' stroked, and 'fat-and-rounded' cuneiform strokes, instead of the more arrow-shaped, sharp, and linear strokes, . Since on EA 153, there are also distinct, medium-sized wedge strokes, (example ''" be"'' ) as well as L-shaped strok ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 38
Amarna letter EA 38, titled ''A Brotherly Quarrel'', Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. ''The Amarna Letters.'' EA 38, ''"A Brotherly Quarrel"'', pp. 111-112. is a letter from the King of Alashiya (modern Cyprus). One identifier of many of the Amarna letters, is the use of paragraphing. Six paragraphs are in this letter, with much of the letter's reverse – uninscribed. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters. The letter EA 38: ''A Brotherly Quarrel'' EA 38, letter number five of seven, from Alashiya. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation.) ''Obverse'' :(Lines 1-6)–Say to the king of Egypt-( Mizri), my brother: Message of the king of Alashiya, your brother. For me all goes well, and for you ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 26
Amarna letter EA 26, titled ''To the Queen Mother: Some Missing Gold Statues'', is a shorter-length clay tablet Amarna letter from Tushratta of Mittani. Unlike the next letter EA 27 from Tushratta, which is more than twice as tall, and about twice as wide-(XXVII paragraphs), EA 26 is topical and synoptic about recent events about the desire for 'gold statues' (VII paragraphs). The letter is addressed to the Pharaoh's wife, Teye, and its dimensions are approximately: tall, wide, and thick. EA 26 has missing edges, left and right. The piece pictured is the Oriental Institute of Chicago's piece which is part of the obverse, lower-left corner, at the beginning of lines of text. The entire obverse of EA 26 can be seehere with its missing edges and scuffed/eroded surfaces on the edges. The Oriental Institute piece shows the high quality of inscribed cuneiform, as visible in undamaged sections of EA 26. The letter EA 26: ''To the Queen Mother: Some Missing Gold Statues'' EA 26, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VAM - Tuschratta Von Mitanni
VAM may refer to: * Value-added modeling, an American method of teacher evaluation * VAM - a registered trademark of Vallourec Oil and Gas, France * VAM (bicycling), a measure of rate of climb in bicycle racing (abbreviation for Italian for ''average ascent velocity'') * Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorhiza, a kind of Arbuscular mycorrhiza. * Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos, a Mexican government-owned automaker * Victoria and Albert Museum in London * Vinyl acetate monomer, a chemical component used for the manufacture of various plastics * Violence against men * Vitt Ariskt Motstånd or White Aryan Resistance (Sweden), a militant neo-nazi group in Sweden between 1991 and 1993 *Villa International Airport Maamigili Technology * Virtual Antenna Mapping, a method used in wireless telecom products VAM coiffure et beauté is hair and beauty shop situated in France in Montpellier . This salon is offering all the services for hair and also for beauty. See also * VAMM - Virtual atom molecu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amarna Letter EA 19
Amarna letter EA 19 is a tall clay tablet letter of 13 paragraphs, in relatively pristine condition, with some minor flaws on the clay, but a complete enough story that some included words can complete the story of the letter. Entitled "Love and Gold", the letter is about gold from Egypt (gold mine production), love between father-king ancestors and the current relationship between the King of Mitanni and the Pharaoh of Misri (Egypt), and marriage of women from King Tushratta of Mitanni to the Pharaoh of Egypt. Besides the Double Line Ruling, for paragraphing (7 paragraphs on ''obverse''), an overwritten Single Line Rule is at clay tablet left margin, as well as cuneiform characters inscribed upon a vertical right margin line of Single Line Rule. (see left margin here The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1386 BC and 45 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
