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3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine
3,3,-Diphenylcyclobutanamine is a psychostimulant drug which was originally prepared as an antidepressant in the late 1970s. It appears to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and may also induce their release as well. The ''N''-methyl and ''N'',''N''-dimethyl analogues of the compound are also known and are more potent. All three agents produce locomotor stimulation in animal studies, with the tertiary amine being the strongest. Synthesis A number of methods were tried in order to construct the strained four-carbon ring. A synthesis of 3,3-diphenylcyclobutanone appeared in the literature. The ketone was prepared in low yield by the reaction of diphenylketene with 2 equiv of diazomethane. The latter synthesis, although low yielding, was used and the desired amines were prepared from 3,3-diphenylcyclobutanone. Diphenylketene Diphenylketene is produced by the elimination of hydrogen chloride from diphenylacetyl chloride in the presence of triethyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta-Phenylmethamphetamine
β-Phenylmethamphetamine (''N'',α-dimethyl-β-phenyl-phenethylamine) is a potent and long lasting stimulant drug. See also * 3-Benzhydrylmorpholine * 3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine * Desoxypipradrol Desoxypipradrol, also known as 2-diphenylmethylpiperidine (2-DPMP), is a drug developed by Ciba in the 1950s which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). Chemistry Desoxypipradrol is closely related on a structural lev ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Phenylmethamphetamine, beta- Stimulants Methamphetamines Benzhydryl compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fezolamine
Fezolamine (Win-41,528-2) is a drug which was investigated by Sterling Drug as an antidepressant in the 1980s. The isomeric ''N'',''N''-dimethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1''H''-pyrazole-1-propanamine was completely inactive in the primary antidepressant screens. It acts as a serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, with 3- to 4-fold preference for the former neurotransmitter. It was found to be effective and well tolerated in clinical trial Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietar ...s but was never marketed. See also * 3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine References {{Monoamine reuptake inhibitors Dimethylamino compounds Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors Pyrazoles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychostimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or illicitly) as performance-enhancing or recreational drugs. Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or '' comedown'' at the end of their effects. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall). It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. For the category "amphetamines and prescription stimulants" (with "amphetamines" including amphetamine and methamphetamine) the value was 0.7%, and fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tertiary Amine
In chemistry, amines (, ) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines). Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline; Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (). The substituent is called an amino group. Compounds with a nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl group, thus having the structure , are called amides and have different chemical properties from amines. Classification of amines Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimulants
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have Sympathomimetic drug, sympathomimetic effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or Prohibition (drugs), illicitly) as performance-enhancing substance, performance-enhancing or recreational drug use, recreational drugs. Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or ''Comedown (drugs), comedown'' at the end of their effects. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall). It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. For the category "amphetamines and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antidepressants
Antidepressants are a class of medication used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain conditions, and to help manage addictions. Common side-effects of antidepressants include dry mouth, weight gain, dizziness, headaches, sexual dysfunction, and emotional blunting. There is a slight increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior when taken by children, adolescents, and young adults. Discontinuation syndrome may occur after stopping any antidepressant which resembles recurrent depression. Some research regarding the effectiveness of antidepressants for depression in adults has found benefits, whilst other research has not. Evidence of benefit in children and adolescents is unclear. The twenty-one most commonly prescribed antidepressant medications are more effective than placebo for the short-term (acute) treatments of adults with major depressive disorder. There is debate in the medical community about how much of the observed effects of antidepre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amines
In chemistry, amines (, ) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines). Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline; Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (). The substituent is called an amino group. Compounds with a nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl group, thus having the structure , are called amides and have different chemical properties from amines. Classification of amines Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. Aromatic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphenylketene Synthesis
Diphenylketene is a chemical substance of the ketene family. Diphenylketene, like most disubstituted ketenes, is a red-orange oil at room temperature and pressure. Due to the successive double bonds in the ketene structure R1R2C=C=O, diphenyl ketene is a heterocumule. The most important reaction of diphenyl ketene is the +2 cycloaddition at C-C, C-N, C-O, and C-S multiple bonds. History Diphenyl ketene was first isolated by Hermann Staudinger in 1905 and identified as the first example of the exceptionally reactive class of ketenes with the general formula R1R2C=C=O (R1=R2=phenyl group). Preparation The first synthesis by H. Staudinger was based on 2-chlorodiphenylacetyl chloride (prepared from benzilic acid and thionyl chloride) from which two chlorine atoms are cleaved with zinc in a dehalogenation reaction: An early synthesis uses benzilmonohydrazone (from Diphenylethanedione and hydrazine hydrate), which is oxidized with mercury(II)oxide and calcium sulfate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triethylamine
Triethylamine is the chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH3)3, commonly abbreviated Et3N. It is also abbreviated TEA, yet this abbreviation must be used carefully to avoid confusion with triethanolamine or tetraethylammonium, for which TEA is also a common abbreviation. It is a colourless volatile liquid with a strong fishy odor reminiscent of ammonia. Like diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base), triethylamine is commonly employed in organic synthesis, usually as a base. Synthesis and properties Triethylamine is prepared by the alkylation of ammonia with ethanol: :NH3 + 3 C2H5OH → N(C2H5)3 + 3 H2O The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75,David Evans Research Group and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH. The |
Diazomethane
Diazomethane is the chemical compound CH2N2, discovered by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1894. It is the simplest diazo compound. In the pure form at room temperature, it is an extremely sensitive explosive yellow gas; thus, it is almost universally used as a solution in diethyl ether. The compound is a popular methylating agent in the laboratory, but it is too hazardous to be employed on an industrial scale without special precautions. Use of diazomethane has been significantly reduced by the introduction of the safer and equivalent reagent trimethylsilyldiazomethane. Use For safety and convenience diazomethane is always prepared as needed as a solution in ether and used as such. It converts carboxylic acids to methyl esters and phenols into their methyl ethers. The reaction is thought to proceed via proton transfer from carboxylic acid to diazomethane to give methyldiazonium cation, which reacts with the carboxylate ion to give the methyl ester and nitrogen gas. Label ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphenylketene
Diphenylketene is a chemical substance of the ketene family. Diphenylketene, like most disubstituted ketenes, is a red-orange oil at room temperature and pressure. Due to the successive double bonds in the ketene structure R1R2C=C=O, diphenyl ketene is a heterocumule. The most important reaction of diphenyl ketene is the +2cycloaddition at C-C, C-N, C-O, and C-S multiple bonds. History Diphenyl ketene was first isolated by Hermann Staudinger in 1905 and identified as the first example of the exceptionally reactive class of ketenes with the general formula R1R2C=C=O (R1=R2=phenyl group). Preparation The first synthesis by H. Staudinger was based on 2-chlorodiphenylacetyl chloride (prepared from benzilic acid and thionyl chloride) from which two chlorine atoms are cleaved with zinc in a dehalogenation reaction: An early synthesis uses benzilmonohydrazone (from Diphenylethanedione and hydrazine hydrate), which is oxidized with mercury(II)oxide and calcium sulfate to form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
